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unconfirmed是什么意思,unconfirmed中文翻譯,unconfirmed發(fā)音、用法及例句

2025-09-05 投稿

unconfirmed是什么意思,unconfirmed中文翻譯,unconfirmed發(fā)音、用法及例句

?unconfirmed

unconfirmed發(fā)音

英:[??nk?n?f?:md]  美:[??nk?n?f?:rmd]

英:  美:

unconfirmed中文意思翻譯

adj.未最后認(rèn)可的, 未證實(shí)的

unconfirmed同義詞

invalid | unsubstantiated | unproven | unofficial | unendorsed | uncorroborated | hearsay | unsupervised | unverified | unsupported

unconfirmed反義詞

confirmed

unconfirmed常見例句

1 、One unconfirmed account says fighting began when a group of Sunnis confronted Shi'ites and accused them of tearing up a sacred Sunni flag.───未經(jīng)證實(shí)的消息說,發(fā)生沖突是因?yàn)橐蝗哼d尼派穆斯林當(dāng)面指責(zé)什葉派穆斯林撕毀了一面神圣的遜尼派旗幟。

2 、Unconfirmed reports said one end of China's foreign exchange reserves is lower than the end of last year, and the possible decline in 2000 are on record monthly high.───未經(jīng)證實(shí)的消息稱,1月末中國外匯儲(chǔ)備低于去年末,且降幅可能是2000年有記錄以來的月度新高。

3 、Still Unconfirmed Features dynamic weather effects (i. E. Sudden rain during the match) Swiss and Turkish leagues included PC version probably to feature NextGen graphic engine───還沒有證實(shí)的消息比賽中變化的天氣瑞士和土耳其聯(lián)賽包括PC版采用下一代引擎!(這點(diǎn)是本人最期待的了)

4 、We have unconfirmed reports that there has been a terrorist attack.─── 小道消息稱 這里遭遇了恐怖襲擊

5 、Unconfirmed reports,rumours,etc.of a coup───有關(guān)政變的未經(jīng)證實(shí)的報(bào)道、謠傳等.

6 、There were also unconfirmed reports of cases at Ernst and Young, an accounting firm in Times Square, and at Teachers College at Columbia University.───還有未經(jīng)證實(shí)的報(bào)道的案件在安永會(huì)計(jì)師事務(wù)所,會(huì)計(jì)師事務(wù)所在時(shí)代廣場,在師范學(xué)院,哥倫比亞大學(xué)。

7 、however, it was all unconfirmed information until a Kramaerican Photo reconnaissance satellite passed overhead.───然而,這些也僅僅只是由烏克蘭上空掠過的卡拉馬愛瑞的偵察衛(wèi)星拍下的無法證實(shí)的圖片。

8 、While we are as anxious as you for the teaser trailer, please note that all of this is very much unconfirmed, and should remain firmly in the RUMOR category the time being.───盡管我們和大家一樣焦急地等待著有關(guān)消息,但是請(qǐng)記住上述消息非常不確定,目前只能作為傳聞。

9 、An unconfirmed report───未證實(shí)的報(bào)導(dǎo)

10 、We have unconfirmed reports of disaster at Raccoon City.───關(guān)于浣熊市事故的報(bào)告

11 、Other unconfirmed reports said the assailants included members of a militia known as the Village Guards, who have helped government troops fight Kurdish separatist rebels in recent years.───其他一些未經(jīng)證實(shí)的報(bào)道稱,這些武裝分子包括一個(gè)民兵組織“村莊護(hù)衛(wèi)兵”的一些成員,近幾年這些人協(xié)助政府軍打擊庫爾德分裂分子。

12 、Unconfirmed site collections can also be deleted automatically.───未確認(rèn)的網(wǎng)站集也可被自動(dòng)刪除。

13 、unconfirmed reports, rumours, etc of a coup───有關(guān)政變的未經(jīng)證實(shí)的報(bào)道﹑ 謠傳等.

14 、Zhou Jianqiang Title: unconfirmed Organization: General Director of China-Canada Agriculture Science Cooperating Item, Canada MoA International Cooperating Department───周堅(jiān)強(qiáng)題目:未確定機(jī)構(gòu):加拿大農(nóng)業(yè)部國際合作局中加農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)合作項(xiàng)目主管

15 、irrevocable and unconfirmed credit───不保兌、不可撤銷的信用證

16 、There were unconfirmed reports that the rebel army was advancing on the town.───據(jù)未經(jīng)證實(shí)的報(bào)告說, 叛軍正向市區(qū)推進(jìn)。

17 、An unconfirmed source adds that Chen Xiaoxu has been following the Buddhist life credo for seven years.───小道消息稱,陳曉旭已遵守佛教的清規(guī)戒律達(dá)七年之久。

18 、According to unconfirmed information, leasing is not in accordance with the "strokes, shooting, hanging," pay provisions.───而據(jù)未經(jīng)證實(shí)的消息,其出讓金并未按照“招、拍、掛”的規(guī)定交納。

19 、There is unconfirmed report that our agent has been arrested.───未確認(rèn)的報(bào)告說,我們**人已被逮捕。

20 、Unconfirmed reports said the Russian pilot of the plane may have been attempting an emergency landing after facing engine problems, shortly after takeoff.───未經(jīng)證實(shí)的報(bào)道稱,飛機(jī)起飛后不久引擎發(fā)生故障,飛機(jī)上的俄羅斯飛行員曾試圖緊急迫降。

21 、There are unconfirmed reports of injuries.───現(xiàn)在傷亡情況還不明確。

22 、A small number of Panthers, probably five, and probably G models, was sold to Hungary in 1944, while a single Panther was apparently sold to Sweden in 1943, though this is unconfirmed.───在1944年還有少數(shù)的黑豹,可能是五輛G型,被賣給匈牙利,在1943年很明顯還有一輛黑豹是被賣給了瑞典,但是都無法確定。

23 、That attempt may be working: despite unconfirmed reports that Syria was calling up its reserves, no firm promise of military retaliation has come.───此舉或勉能為之:雖敘國征召預(yù)備隊(duì)之報(bào)道未得證實(shí),亦未聞敘軍正告有報(bào)復(fù)之諾。

24 、An unconfirmed report in today’s South China Morning Post claims that blacks will be "secretly" banned from bars in Beijing’s Sanlitun entertainment area for the duration of the Olympics.───七月十八日的香港南華早報(bào)報(bào)導(dǎo),在奧運(yùn)期間將會(huì)有不明文規(guī)定,禁止黑人進(jìn)入位于北京三里屯娛樂區(qū)的酒吧。

25 、Unconfirmed sightings suggest that the Death Eaters may now be using Inferi (see page 10). Any sighting of an Inferius, or encounter with same, should be reported to the Ministry IMMEDIATELY.───未經(jīng)證實(shí)的消息說,食死徒現(xiàn)在可能使用陰尸(見第10頁)。若看見或遭遇陰尸,請(qǐng)立刻向魔法部報(bào)告。

26 、unconfirmed reports───未經(jīng)證實(shí)的報(bào)道

27 、Because of the multiped walking character, multi-legged walking robots own obvious priorities in motion and working under unstructured and unconfirmed environment comparing to wheeled robots.───相對(duì)于輪式機(jī)器人而言,多足步行機(jī)器人在非結(jié)構(gòu)化環(huán)境中具有明顯的優(yōu)勢(shì)。

28 、unconfirmed offer───虛盤

29 、But that's unconfirmed until I open him up.─── 但是我得解剖之后才能確認(rèn)

30 、service unconfirmed───服務(wù)被否決

31 、It's a bunch of conspiracy theories and unconfirmed gossip.─── 都是些陰謀論與未經(jīng)證實(shí)的謠言

32 、Unconfirmed word is that BMW is experimenting with a larger shooting brake/ wagon variant for the 1 so that American customers who demand more space can be easily accommodated.───未經(jīng)證實(shí)的話是,寶馬正在試驗(yàn)更大的拍攝剎車/旅行車變異為1,因此誰是美國客戶的需求更多的空間可以輕松容納.

33 、unconfirmed information───未經(jīng)證實(shí)的消息

34 、Reverts to its unconfirmed state, and───將恢復(fù)為其未確認(rèn)時(shí)的狀態(tài),而且

35 、Unconfirmed reports suggest that a merger between two major State-owned enterprises is under investigation.───未經(jīng)證實(shí)的報(bào)道表明兩家大型國有企業(yè)間的合并正處于調(diào)查階段。

36 、Confirmed and unconfirmed documentary credit───保兌信用證和未保兌信用證

37 、Many supposed risk factors, for example alcohol consumption, smoking and caffeine intake, remain controersial or unconfirmed.───很多推測的危險(xiǎn)因素,如酒精消費(fèi)、吸煙及咖啡攝入,尚存爭議及不確定因素。

38 、Unconfirmed reports say she is in an irreversible coma.─── 未經(jīng)證實(shí)消息稱 歌手陷入了不可逆性昏迷

39 、Unconfirmed report that seasonal flu vaccine in Ukraine is contaminated with life bird flu virus.───未經(jīng)證實(shí)消息:烏克蘭季節(jié)性流感疫苗被生命烏病毒污染。

40 、liver cancer and rhinopharyngocele whose pathogeny have been unconfirmed need to research further by the geochemical method on the basis of information known.───作為流行病的肝癌和鼻咽癌的病因尚未探明,需要在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上,開展環(huán)境地球化學(xué)、醫(yī)學(xué)地質(zhì)學(xué)和多元統(tǒng)計(jì)分析等多學(xué)科方法的綜合研究。

41 、Other than that, rest everything is unconfirmed.───其他的任何消息都是臆測。

42 、The rumors, however, are unconfirmed at the time of publication of this report.───不過,該傳聞到本稿發(fā)布之時(shí)還沒有得到證實(shí)。

43 、revocable unconfirmed banker rs credit───可撤銷的銀行未保兌信用證, 可撤銷無保兌銀行信用證

44 、"Apparently there were unconfirmed reports of looting taking place but once our teams got down to the dockside they were able to see that there was some mistake.───”很明顯有很多未被證實(shí)的關(guān)于搶劫的新聞?wù)诼祜w,但我們的隊(duì)伍在到達(dá)前線去探明情況后,發(fā)現(xiàn)并不是那么回事。

45 、As the frequently used grey model,GM(1,1) is particularly available to such random unconfirmed issue like traffic accident forecasting.───GM(1,1)模型是最常用的一種灰色模型,尤其適合于交通事故預(yù)測“小樣本”的隨機(jī)不確定問題。

46 、unconfirmed irrevocable credit───[經(jīng)] 未確認(rèn)不可撤銷信用證

47 、Unconfirmed reports said that at least six people had been killed.───未經(jīng)證實(shí)的報(bào)道稱至少有六人喪生。

48 、Analysis and Definition of the Direct Current Single Armed Bridge Assay Device's Unconfirmed Degree───直流單臂電橋檢定裝置不確定度的分析與表示

49 、There were even unconfirmed accounts of marmots attacking people.───甚至有未經(jīng)證實(shí)的土撥鼠攻擊人的報(bào)告。

50 、There are unconfirmed reports of a shooting in the capital.───有未經(jīng)證實(shí)的傳言說在首都發(fā)生了**擊事件。

51 、We have an unconfirmed report that resuscitation efforts may have failed.─── 我們收到未經(jīng)證實(shí)的消息稱 搶救行動(dòng)可能已經(jīng)失敗了

52 、The products function has grown more complicated, and a lot of unconfirmed factors exist in the development of new products.───現(xiàn)今的產(chǎn)品功能愈來愈復(fù)雜,在新產(chǎn)品的開發(fā)過程中,存在著許多不確定的因素。

53 、Records in the literature of this species occurring further west in the Himalayas remain unconfirmed and are here considered dubious.───文獻(xiàn)中本種的記錄還出現(xiàn)在更西面的喜瑪拉雅山脈,這存留未證實(shí)和在這里被認(rèn)為是可疑的。

54 、Unconfirmed L/C───不保兌的信用證

55 、There have also been unconfirmed reports of numerous arrests of Uighur activists in the cities of Kashgar and Gulja.───而一些無法確認(rèn)來源的消息則稱有維吾爾族起事者在喀什葛爾和古爾加遭到逮捕。

56 、While unconfirmed, a reactionary approach would fit into Apple's business model.───雖然未經(jīng)證實(shí),但是音樂廠商可能會(huì)采用蘋果的商業(yè)模型。

57 、There are unconfirmed reports that it's in the trunk.─── 未經(jīng)證實(shí)的消息說錢在后備箱

58 、One unconfirmed report says that at least one police vehicle has been set on fire.───另有一個(gè)未經(jīng)證實(shí)的報(bào)告說,至少有一輛警車被燒。

59 、Under which specific condition that a confirmed credit may become unconfirmed for the full amount without the consent of the beneficiary?───在哪些特定情況下,已保兌信用狀未經(jīng)受益人同意,其全部金額將變成未保兌?

60 、According to unconfirmed information, the reporter may have been killed in the fighting.───據(jù)未經(jīng)確認(rèn)的消息,該記者可能在戰(zhàn)斗中被打死。

61 、McMahon.Still, he said he has no way to know whether the storage tanks will become full soon, despite some 'unconfirmed reports' they had.───不過,他說,他無從知道這些儲(chǔ)存罐是否很快就會(huì)充滿,盡管有未經(jīng)證實(shí)的報(bào)告做出了這樣的預(yù)測。

62 、...their nationalities still unconfirmed, have been transported to area hospitals for treatment.─── 國籍尚未確認(rèn) 已被送至就近的醫(yī)院接受治療

63 、Unconfirmed sightings suggest that the Death Eaters may now be using Inferi───未經(jīng)證實(shí)的目擊消息說,食死徒現(xiàn)在可能使用陰尸

64 、Results Among 17 autopsies of newborn,clinical diagnosis accorded with pathologic results in 5 cases,incorrect antemortem diagnosis were 9 cases,unconfirmed clinical diagnoses were 3 cases .───結(jié)果36例小兒尸檢中,新生兒尸檢17例,臨床診斷基本符合5例,臨床診斷不符9例,待診3例;28天-2歲12例,臨床診斷基本符合9例,臨床診斷不符1例,待診2例;

65 、Do not copy unchecked user input into a buffer, or allow unconfirmed size parameters to define the range of data being copied.───不要將未檢查的用戶輸入復(fù)制到緩沖區(qū)中,也不要允許未經(jīng)確認(rèn)的大小參數(shù)定義復(fù)制的數(shù)據(jù)范圍。

66 、unconfirmed rumours───未證實(shí)的傳言

67 、unconfirmed letter of credit───不保兌信用證未確認(rèn)信用狀

68 、It remains unconfirmed whether leader Kim Jong Il, believed to be recovering from a stroke, is actually in control of the country.───目前還無法證實(shí)據(jù)信在中風(fēng)后恢復(fù)階段的北韓**金正日是否在親自掌權(quán)。

69 、Today around 1600 Unconfirmed russian forces/ships enterd georgian port of oti, open fire on 3 georgian navy vessels, set them on fire and left.───今天(應(yīng)該是13日)下午4點(diǎn)左右,未經(jīng)證實(shí)的俄國武力/艦船進(jìn)入格魯吉亞波季港,向三艘格魯吉亞海軍船只開火,使它們起火焚燒,隨后離開。

70 、Unconfirmed thyroid cancer of intraoperative frozen-section pathology: strategy and analysis of curative effect───術(shù)中冷凍切片未能確診的甲狀腺癌:對(duì)策及療效分析

71 、Irrevocable Unconfirmed L/C───不可撤消不保兌的信用證

72 、An unconfirmed source reports that Andy Lau will get married this year.───小道消息稱,劉德華今年要結(jié)婚。

73 、The strategy shown in the above-mentioned example of the false preset of pragmatics is called "make out something from the void", that is to fabricates an unconfirmed message by the speaker and disposes it as the preset of pragmatics.───上例中體現(xiàn)的虛假語用預(yù)設(shè)策略是“無中生有”,也就是發(fā)話者杜撰一個(gè)不能肯定其真假性的信息做語用預(yù)設(shè)。

74 、But, at the moment I'm posting it is all unconfirmed rumors.───但是, 此刻我正在張貼它全都是未被證實(shí)的謠言。

75 、Also, an unconfirmed report that military vehicles have entered the airport.─── 據(jù)不確切的消息稱 戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)也開赴了機(jī)場

76 、We have unconfirmed reports this morning that a plane has crashed into one of the towers of the World Trade Center.───據(jù)未經(jīng)核實(shí)的報(bào)道今晨一架飛機(jī)撞上了世貿(mào)中心其中一幢大樓。

77 、Unconfirmed reports indicate hundreds have been infected as a result of the outbreak.─── 未經(jīng)證實(shí)的報(bào)道顯示 已有數(shù)百人因病毒爆發(fā)被感染

78 、revocable unconfirmed banker's credit───可撤銷無保兌銀行信用證可撤銷的銀行未保兌信用證

79 、Unconfirmed reports indicate 15 top reformist leaders, possibly including Mr. Moussavi, are under house arrest.───未經(jīng)證實(shí)的報(bào)導(dǎo)說,15名高級(jí)改革派**已經(jīng)被軟禁,其中可能包括穆薩維。

80 、As of December, 13% of outstanding CDS trades were unconfirmed.───到12月為止,13%的已售出的CDS交易未經(jīng)確認(rèn)。

81 、A missing merchant ship with 15 Russian crew members on board has been spotted off the coast of West Africa, unconfirmed reports say.───未經(jīng)證實(shí)的報(bào)道稱,一艘消失的載有15名俄國船員的商船在西非海域被發(fā)現(xiàn)。

82 、unconfirmed rumors───未經(jīng)證實(shí)的謠傳

83 、We currently have sketchy, unconfirmed reports that up to 78 may have died.───我們目前收到的初步報(bào)告說,喪生的人數(shù)可能多達(dá)78人,但這一數(shù)字還有待確認(rèn)。

84 、unconfirmed rumour───未經(jīng)證實(shí)的傳聞

85 、unconfirmed reports now and then───不時(shí)傳聞

86 、The motive behind the bombing is unconfirmed, but the result is not.─── 引起爆炸的動(dòng)機(jī)還不清楚 但慘劇已經(jīng)發(fā)生

87 、Revocable and unconfirmed credit───不保兌、可撤銷的信用證

88 、That is still unconfirmed whether it is right time to set up exclusive channel for documentary.───向故事片靠攏,紀(jì)錄片“故事化”;向娛樂親近,紀(jì)錄片“娛樂化”;

89 、If the unconfirmed reports are true, it would be the clearest sign yet of China's displeasure with its unruly ally.───如果這些未經(jīng)證實(shí)的報(bào)道屬實(shí)的話,這是中國對(duì)這個(gè)難以駕馭的盟友發(fā)出的最清晰的不滿信號(hào)。

90 、Canada confirmed six cases of mild illnesses on Sunday, and the United States reported 20. Meanwhile, Spain, Israel and New Zealand were investigating possible but unconfirmed cases.───加拿大方面則是證實(shí)了6個(gè)輕微的病例,美國方面則有20例。其他國家則尚未發(fā)現(xiàn)任何病例。

信用證是什么?

信用證(Letter of Credit ,L/C)是指由銀行(開證行)依照(申請(qǐng)人的)要求和指示或自己主動(dòng),在符合信用證條款的條件下,憑規(guī)定單據(jù)向第三者(受益人)或其指定方進(jìn)行付款的書面文件。即信用證是一種銀行開立的有條件的承諾付款的書面文件。

在國際貿(mào)易活動(dòng),買賣雙方可能互不信任,買方擔(dān)心預(yù)付款后,賣方不按合同要求發(fā)貨;賣方也擔(dān)心在發(fā)貨或提交貨運(yùn)單據(jù)后買方不付款。因此需要兩家銀行作為買賣雙方的保證人,代為收款交單,以銀行信用代替商業(yè)信用(銀行信用要高于商業(yè)信用)。銀行在這一活動(dòng)中所使用的工具就是信用證。

可見,信用證是銀行有條件保證付款的證書,成為國際貿(mào)易活動(dòng)中常見的結(jié)算方式。按照這種結(jié)算方式的一般規(guī)定,買方先將貨款交存銀行,由銀行開立信用證,通知異地賣方開戶銀行轉(zhuǎn)告賣方,賣方按合同和信用證規(guī)定的條款發(fā)貨,銀行代買方付款。

一是信用證是一項(xiàng)自足文件(self-sufficient instrument)。信用證不依附于買賣合同,銀行在審單時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是信用證與基礎(chǔ)貿(mào)易相分離的書面形式上的認(rèn)證;

二是信用證方式是純單據(jù)業(yè)務(wù)(pure documentary transaction)。信用證是憑單付款,不以貨物為準(zhǔn)。只要單據(jù)相符,開證行就應(yīng)無條件付款;(單單相符,單證相符)

三是開證銀行負(fù)首要付款責(zé)任(primary liabilities for payment)。信用證是一種銀行信用,它是銀行的一種擔(dān)保文件,開證銀行對(duì)支付有首要付款的責(zé)任。

信用證的分類有很多,粗略來分可以有以下幾種:

A 根據(jù)信用證的單據(jù)或者信用證本身的要求來分:

(1)以信用證項(xiàng)下的匯票是否附有貨運(yùn)單據(jù)劃分為:

跟單信用證及光票信用證。

①跟單信用證(Documentary Credit)是憑跟單匯票或僅憑單據(jù)付款的信用證。此處的單據(jù)指代表貨物所有權(quán)的單據(jù)(如海運(yùn)提單等),或證明貨物已交運(yùn)的單據(jù)(如鐵路運(yùn)單、航空運(yùn)單、郵包收據(jù))。UCP600跟單信用證慣例

②光票信用證(Clean Credit)是憑不隨附貨運(yùn)單據(jù)的光票(Clean Draft)付款的信用證。銀行憑光票信用證付款,也可要求受益人附交一些非貨運(yùn)單據(jù),如發(fā)票、墊款清單等。

在國際貿(mào)易的貨款結(jié)算中,絕大部分使用跟單信用證。

(2)以開證行所負(fù)的責(zé)任為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可以分為:

①不可撤銷信用證(Irrevocable L/C)。指信用證一經(jīng)開出,在有效期內(nèi),未經(jīng)受益人及有關(guān)當(dāng)事人的同意,開證行不能片面修改和撤銷,只要受益人提供的單據(jù)符合信用證規(guī)定,開證行必須履行付款義務(wù)。

②可撤銷信用證(Revocable L/C)。開證行不必征得受益人或有關(guān)當(dāng)事人同意有權(quán)隨時(shí)撤銷的信用證,應(yīng)在信用證上注明“可撤銷”字樣。但《UCP500》規(guī)定:只要受益人依信用證條款規(guī)定已得到了議付、承兌或延期付款保證時(shí),該信用證即不能被撤銷或修改。它還規(guī)定,如信用證中未注明是否可撤銷, 應(yīng)視為不可撤銷信用證。

最新的《UCP600》規(guī)定銀行不可開立可撤銷信用證!(注:常用的都是不可撤銷信用證)

(3)以有無另一銀行加以保證兌付為依據(jù),可以分為:

①保兌信用證(Confirmed L/C)。指開證行開出的信用證,由另一銀行保證對(duì)符合信用證條款規(guī)定的單據(jù)履行付款義務(wù)。對(duì)信用證加以保兌的銀行,稱為保兌行。

②不保兌信用證(Unconfirmed L/C)。開證行開出的信用證沒有經(jīng)另一家銀行保兌。

(4)根據(jù)付款時(shí)間不同,可以分為

①即期信用證(Sight L/C)。指開證行或付款行收到符合信用證條款的跟單匯票或裝運(yùn)單據(jù)后,立即履行付款義務(wù)的信用證。

②遠(yuǎn)期信用證(Usance L/C)。指開證行或付款行收到信用證的單據(jù)時(shí),在規(guī)定期限內(nèi)履行付款義務(wù)的信用證。

③假遠(yuǎn)期信用證(Usance Credit Payable at Sight)。信用證規(guī)定受益人開立遠(yuǎn)期匯票,由付款行負(fù)責(zé)貼現(xiàn),并規(guī)定一切利息和費(fèi)用由開證人承擔(dān)。這種信用證對(duì)受益人來講,實(shí)際上仍屬即期收款,在信用證中有“假遠(yuǎn)期”(usance L/C payable at sight)條款。

(5)根據(jù)受益人對(duì)信用證的權(quán)利可否轉(zhuǎn)讓,可分為:

①可轉(zhuǎn)讓信用證(Transferable L/C)。指信用證的受益人(第一受益人)可以要求授權(quán)付款、承擔(dān)延期付款責(zé)任,承兌或議付的銀行(統(tǒng)稱“轉(zhuǎn)讓行”),或當(dāng)信用證是自由議付時(shí),可以要求信用證**別授權(quán)的轉(zhuǎn)讓銀行,將信用證全部或部分轉(zhuǎn)讓給一個(gè)或數(shù)個(gè)受益人(第二受益人)使用的信用證。開證行在信用證中要明確注明“可轉(zhuǎn)讓”(transferable),且只能轉(zhuǎn)讓一次。

②不可轉(zhuǎn)讓信用證。指受益人不能將信用證的權(quán)利轉(zhuǎn)讓給他人的信用證。凡信用證中未注明“可轉(zhuǎn)讓”,即是不可轉(zhuǎn)讓信用證。

(6)紅條款信用證。此種信用證可讓開證行在收到單證之后,向賣家提前預(yù)付一部分款項(xiàng)。這種信用證常用于制造業(yè)。

B根據(jù)信用證的用途來分

(1)循環(huán)信用證(Revolving L/C)

指信用證被全部或部分使用后,其金額又恢復(fù)到原金額,可再次使用,直至達(dá)到規(guī)定的次數(shù)或規(guī)定的總金額為止。它通常在分批均勻交貨情況下使用。在按金額循環(huán)的信用證條件下,恢復(fù)到原金額的具體做法有:

①自動(dòng)式循環(huán)。每期用完一定金額,不需等待開證行的通知,即可自動(dòng)恢復(fù)到原金額。

②非自動(dòng)循環(huán)。每期用完一定金額后,必須等待開證行通知到達(dá),信用證才能恢復(fù)到原金額使用。

③半自動(dòng)循環(huán)。即每次用完一定金額后若干天內(nèi),開證行未提出停止循環(huán)使用的通知,自第×天起即可自動(dòng)恢復(fù)至原金額。

(2)對(duì)開信用證(Reciprocal L/C)

指兩張信用證申請(qǐng)人互以對(duì)方為受益人而開立的信用證。兩張信用證的金額相等或大體相等,可同時(shí)互開,也可先后開立。它多用于易貨貿(mào)易或來料加工和補(bǔ)償貿(mào)易業(yè)務(wù)。

(3)背對(duì)背信用證(Back to Back L/C)

又稱轉(zhuǎn)開信用證,指受益人要求原證的通知行或其他銀行以原證為基礎(chǔ),另開一張內(nèi)容相似的新信用證,對(duì)背信用證的開證行只能根據(jù)不可撤銷信用證來開立。對(duì)背信用證的開立通常是中間商轉(zhuǎn)售他人貨物,或兩國不能直接辦理進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易時(shí),通過第三者以此種辦法來溝通貿(mào)易。原信用證的金額(單價(jià))應(yīng)高于對(duì)背信用證的金額(單價(jià)),對(duì)背信用證的裝運(yùn)期應(yīng)早于原信用證的規(guī)定。

(4)預(yù)支信用證/打包信用證(Anticipatory credit/Packing credit)

指開證行授權(quán)代付行(通知行)向受益人預(yù)付信用證金額的全部或一部分,由開證行保證償還并負(fù)擔(dān)利息,即開證行付款在前,受益人交單在后,與遠(yuǎn)期信用證相反。預(yù)支信用證憑出口人的光票付款,也有要求受益人附一份負(fù)責(zé)補(bǔ)交信用證規(guī)定單據(jù)的說明書,當(dāng)貨運(yùn)單據(jù)交到后,付款行在付給剩余貨款時(shí),將扣除預(yù)支貨款的利息。

(5)備用信用證(Standby credit)

又稱商業(yè)票據(jù)信用證(Commercial paper credit)、擔(dān)保信用證。指開證行根 據(jù)開證申請(qǐng)人的請(qǐng)求對(duì)受益人開立的承諾承擔(dān)某項(xiàng)義務(wù)的憑證。即開證行保證在開證申請(qǐng)人未能履行其義務(wù)時(shí),受益人只要憑備用信用證的規(guī)定并提交開證人違約證明,即可取得開證行的償付。它是銀行信用,對(duì)受益人來說是備用于開證人違約時(shí),取得補(bǔ)償?shù)囊环N方式。

開證人:指向銀行申請(qǐng)開立信用證的人,在信用證中又稱開證人。義務(wù):根據(jù)合同開證;向銀行交付比例押金;及時(shí)付款贖單。權(quán)利:驗(yàn)、退贖單;驗(yàn)、退貨(均以信用證為依據(jù))

說明:開證申請(qǐng)書有兩部分即對(duì)開證行的開證申請(qǐng)和對(duì)開證行的聲明和保證(申明贖單付款前貨物所有權(quán)歸銀行;開證行及其**行只負(fù)單據(jù)表面是否合格之責(zé);開證行對(duì)單據(jù)傳遞中的差錯(cuò)不負(fù)責(zé);對(duì)“不可抗力”不負(fù)責(zé);保證到期付款贖單;保證支付各項(xiàng)費(fèi)用;開證行有權(quán)隨時(shí)追加押金;有權(quán)決定貨物代辦保險(xiǎn)和增加保險(xiǎn)級(jí)別而費(fèi)用由開證申請(qǐng)人負(fù)擔(dān)。

受益人:指信用證上所指定的有權(quán)使用該證的人,即出口人或?qū)嶋H供貨人。義務(wù):收到信用證后應(yīng)及時(shí)與合同核對(duì),不符者盡早要求開證行修改或拒絕接受或要求開證申請(qǐng)人指示開證行修改信用證;如接受則發(fā)貨并通知收貨人,備齊單據(jù)在規(guī)定時(shí)間向議付行交單議付;對(duì)單據(jù)的正確性負(fù)責(zé),不符時(shí)應(yīng)執(zhí)行開證行改單指示并仍在信用證規(guī)定期限交單。權(quán)利:被拒絕修改或修改后仍不符有權(quán)在通知對(duì)方后單方面撤消合同并拒絕信用證;交單后若開證行倒閉或無理拒付可直接要求開證申請(qǐng)人付款;收款前若開證申請(qǐng)人破產(chǎn)可停止貨物裝運(yùn)并自行處理;若開證行倒閉時(shí)信用證還未使用可要求開證申請(qǐng)人另開。

開證行:指接受開證申請(qǐng)人的委托開立信用證的銀行,它承擔(dān)保證付款的責(zé)任。義務(wù):正確、及時(shí)開證;承擔(dān)第一性付款責(zé)任。權(quán)利:收取手續(xù)費(fèi)和押金;拒絕受益人或議付行的不符單據(jù);付款后如開證申請(qǐng)人無力付款贖單時(shí)可處理單、貨;貨不足款可向開證申請(qǐng)人追索余額。

通知行:指受開證行的委托,將信用證轉(zhuǎn)交出口人的銀行,它只證明信用證的真實(shí)性,不承擔(dān)其他義務(wù),是出口地所在銀行。需要證明信用證的真實(shí)性;轉(zhuǎn)遞行只負(fù)責(zé)照轉(zhuǎn)。

議付銀行:指愿意買入受益人交來跟單匯票的銀行。根據(jù)信用證開證行的付款保證和受益人的請(qǐng)求,按信用證規(guī)定對(duì)受益人交付的跟單匯票墊款或貼現(xiàn),并向信用證規(guī)定的付款行索償?shù)你y行(又稱購票行、押匯行和貼現(xiàn)行;一般就是通知行;有限定議付和自由議付)。義務(wù):嚴(yán)格審單;墊付或貼現(xiàn)跟單匯票;背批信用證;權(quán)利:可議付也可不議付;議付后可處理(貨運(yùn))單據(jù);議付后開證行倒閉或借口拒付可向受益人追回墊款。

付款銀行:指信用證上指定付款的銀行,在多數(shù)情況下,付款行就是開證行。對(duì)符合信用證的單據(jù)向受益人付款的銀行(可以是開證行也可受其委托的另家銀行)。有權(quán)付款或不付款;一經(jīng)付款,無權(quán)向受益人或匯票持有人追索。

保兌行:受開證行委托對(duì)信用證以自己名義保證的銀行。加批“保證兌付”;不可撤消的確定承諾;獨(dú)立對(duì)信用證負(fù)責(zé),憑單付款;付款后只能向開證行索償;若開證行拒付或倒閉,則無權(quán)向受益人和議付行追索。

承兌行:指對(duì)受益人提交的匯票進(jìn)行承兌的銀行,亦是付款行。

償付行:指受開證行在信用證上的委托,代開證行向議付行或付款行清償墊款的銀行(又稱清算行)。只付款不審單;只管償付不管退款;不償付時(shí)開證行償付。

(1)開證申請(qǐng)人根據(jù)合同填寫開證申請(qǐng)書并交納押金或提供其他保證,請(qǐng)開證行開證。

(2)開證行根據(jù)申請(qǐng)書內(nèi)容,向受益人開出信用證并寄交出口人所在地通知行。

(3)通知行核對(duì)印鑒無誤后,將信用證交受益人。

(4)受益人審核信用證內(nèi)容與合同規(guī)定相符后,按信用證規(guī)定裝運(yùn)貨物、備妥單據(jù)并開出匯票,在信用證有效期內(nèi),送議付行議付。

(5)議付行按信用證條款審核單據(jù)無誤后,把貨款墊付給受益人。

(6)議付行將匯票和貨運(yùn)單據(jù)寄開證行或其特定的付款行索償。

(7)開證行核對(duì)單據(jù)無誤后,付款給議付行。

(8)開證行通知開證人付款贖單。

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