?disintegration

disintegration發(fā)音

英：[d?s??nt?'ɡre??n]　　美：[d?s??nt??ɡre??n]

英：　　美：

disintegration中文意思翻譯

n.瓦解, 【物】衰變

disintegration詞形變化

動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù): disintegrates | 動(dòng)詞過去分詞: disintegrated | 動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞: disintegrating | 名詞: disintegrator | 動(dòng)詞過去式: disintegrated | 形容詞: disintegrative |

disintegration同義詞

decay | split | crumble | breakdown | erode | mold | degenerate | loosen | break | break up | addle | rot | decompose | collapse | fragment | deteriorate | separate | up

disintegration反義詞

integrate

disintegration常見例句

1 、In a certain degree, Gorbachev's Perestroika alleviated the problem, while the disintegration of the USSR changed both the nature and the importance of the problem.───戈?duì)柊蛦谭驅(qū)嵭械母母镩_放政策在一定程度上緩解了這一問題，此后蘇聯(lián)的解體使這一問題的性質(zhì)和重要性均有所轉(zhuǎn)變。

2 、Radical changes in Eastern Europe, the re-unification of Germany, the dissolution of the Warsaw Pact and the disintegration of the USSR all occurred successively, causing difficulties in continuing the original "Yalta system".───東歐劇變、德國統(tǒng)一、華約瓦解、蘇聯(lián)解體接踵而至，原來的“雅爾塔體制”難以為繼。

3 、After the disintegration of the former Soviet Union, these troop clusters were transferred to Russian ownership.───原蘇聯(lián)解體后，該軍隊(duì)集群轉(zhuǎn)歸俄羅斯所有。

4 、The debate is about avoiding the EU's decline into irrelevance, or even “gradual disintegration”.───爭(zhēng)論也只是關(guān)于避免歐盟漸入孤立或“逐漸解體”的話題。

5 、Only thus is it possible to create tremendous difficulties for the reactionary ruling classes, shake their foundations and hasten their internal disintegration.───必須這樣，才能給反動(dòng)統(tǒng)治階級(jí)以甚大的困難，動(dòng)搖其基礎(chǔ)而促進(jìn)其內(nèi)部的分解。

6 、He could not bring himself to admit the growing disintegration of what he had striven all his life to achieve.───他不能讓自己承認(rèn)他終生為之奮斗的東西正在日益土崩瓦解。

7 、Practically every atom had its origin in the tiny violence of a radioactive disintegration some time within the past few billion years.───實(shí)際上每個(gè)原子都來源于過去幾十億年中某一時(shí)刻放射性分裂的微小激變。

8 、The Wilkins Ice Shelf, on the western side of the Antarctic Peninsula,experienced multiple disintegration events in 2008.───位于南極半島西部的威爾金斯冰架，在2008年出現(xiàn)加速衰退現(xiàn)象。

9 、Disintegration of cytoplasm at stage of central nucleus microspore. 22.───21.單核中央期小孢子細(xì)胞質(zhì)開始解體。

10 、A comparative study on the disintegration of filamentous fungi.───中譯：一項(xiàng)關(guān)于纖維狀真菌裂解的比較研究。

11 、You know, the doctor said they'd disintegrate, but they haven't.─── 醫(yī)生說它們會(huì)化掉 但是并沒有

12 、Nuclear disintegration or transformation caused by absorption of high-energy radiation, as of gamma rays.───光致分裂由吸收高能量輻射、如射線而引起的核分裂或核轉(zhuǎn)換

13 、In the real world, ice-sheet disintegration is driven by highly nonlinear processes and feedbacks.───在真實(shí)世界，冰原的崩裂受到高度的非線性進(jìn)程與回饋的驅(qū)動(dòng)。

14 、V. The disintegration of the association.───五、團(tuán)體之解散。

15 、You put them on the fence, and they disintegrate.─── 你慫恿了他們 然后他們被肢解了

16 、Urbanization, another breakthrough in human history, has witnessed a dramatic rise in crime rates and the disintegration of communities.───同樣，城市化進(jìn)程也帶來了一系列的社會(huì)。犯罪率上升，交通狀況，城市污染問題，等等

17 、The act or an instance of breaking up, as a division, dispersal, or disintegration.───分散，分離分離的行為或?qū)嵗?，如分裂、分散或分?/p>

18 、If Mr Kibaki were to call them in, the danger of national disintegration might increase.───如果齊貝吉總統(tǒng)再次調(diào)用他們，那國家瓦解的危險(xiǎn)就可能會(huì)加劇。

19 、Disintegration or decomposition into parts or elements.───分解(作用)分解或分裂為部分或要素

20 、Upon the disintegration of COMCO -- a product of the Cold War -- in March 1994, the United States could not but adjust its export control policies. Nevertheless, its discriminatory measures towards China remained largely intact.───1994年3月，作為冷戰(zhàn)產(chǎn)物的巴黎統(tǒng)籌委員會(huì)宣布解散，美國出口管制政策不能不作某些調(diào)整，但其對(duì)中國歧視性的出口管制政策基本沒有改變。

21 、Using seedling plant for planting, disintegration of individual was bigger, the growth was untrimmed.───應(yīng)用實(shí)生苗造林，個(gè)體分化較大、生長(zhǎng)參差不齊。

22 、Dissent among the senior members was the main cause of the disintegration of the club.───俱樂部分裂的主要原因在于高級(jí)會(huì)員之間的不和。

23 、The disintegration of the Wilkins ice sheet, the largest on the Antarctic Peninsula to be threatened, is more evidence of rapid climate change on the continent, they claimed.───據(jù)稱，威爾金斯冰架的瓦解，使南極洲半島受到了威脅，這是南極洲氣候迅速改變的證明。

24 、It may develop in place by the decay and disintegration of bedrock.───它可能是通過基巖的腐蝕和崩解就地生成的。

25 、Pre-Yugoslavia was a “mixture” far from maturity.Its disintegration and ethnic conflicts owed little to the social system but to the latent “malignant tumors” of its own.───前南斯拉夫是一個(gè)遠(yuǎn)未發(fā)展成熟的“混合體”，它的解體和民族沖突不能歸咎于社會(huì)制度本身，而在于自身潛伏的“毒瘤”。

26 、In many places, women volunteer to organize associations to ban gambling and thus save many families on the verge of disintegration, promoting a favorable turn in civil practices and the general mood of society.───在許多地方，婦女自愿組織禁賭協(xié)會(huì)，挽救了一些瀕臨破裂的家庭，促進(jìn)了民風(fēng)和社會(huì)風(fēng)氣的好轉(zhuǎn)。

27 、Until recently there was a belief that disintegration of the mind is an inevitable part of aging, grouping symptoms of dementia under "senility".───不久以前，人們還相信記憶力（大腦的）衰退是人衰老的一個(gè)無法避免的部分，把癡呆的癥狀歸為“衰老”的原因。（把老年癡呆癥歸類于“衰老”之中。）

28 、Our three major principles for the army's political work are, first, unity between officers and men; Second, unity between the army and the people; And third, the disintegration of the enemy forces.───軍隊(duì)政治工作的三大原則：第一是官兵一致，第二是軍民一致，第三是瓦解敵軍。

29 、There should not be dispute, disunity and disintegration in the fansclub. Membership will be terminated without further notice when we discover any of it.───不得在論壇/活動(dòng)上分檔分派，一經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)立即刪除會(huì)員資格。

30 、What we saw here was a disintegration.─── 而這里則是支離破碎的景象

31 、disintegrated him like he wasn't even there.─── 讓他灰飛煙滅 好像從未存在過

32 、Disintegration in middle school English teaching and learning has long been troublingChina s basic English teaching and learning.───中學(xué)英語教學(xué)中的分化問題長(zhǎng)期困擾著我國基礎(chǔ)英語教學(xué)。

33 、It was well known that this metal would withstand the high heat required for incandescence over a long period without disintegration, but it was also known that tungsten was one of the most recalcitrant of the metals.───人們熟知這種金屬能長(zhǎng)時(shí)間承受白熾所需要的高溫而不會(huì)熔解，但人們也知道鎢是金屬中最難對(duì)付的。

34 、You can not leave the group to disintegrate.─── 你不能離開讓這個(gè)集團(tuán)瓦解

35 、Global modernity as a contemporary condition is marked not by the disintegration of modernity,but by its reconfiguration around a global center,albeit of necessity an absent center.───全球化的現(xiàn)代性,作為當(dāng)代的條件,不是以現(xiàn)代性的瓦解為標(biāo)志,而是以其圍繞一個(gè)全球性中心的重構(gòu)為標(biāo)志,盡管必然是一個(gè)缺席的中心。

36 、But, the development and disintegration of tapetum in Peiai 64S resembled those of IR36.───但是，在花粉發(fā)育的整個(gè)過程中，培矮64S與IR36絨氈層的發(fā)育和降解過程基本相似。

37 、After the disintegration of the distribution valve the main body was found face has scratches.───后解體分配閥，發(fā)現(xiàn)主閥體工作面已擦傷。

38 、Radioactivity provides an extremely sensitive method of analysis since disintegration of individual nuclei are monitored.───因此放射現(xiàn)象可以監(jiān)視每一個(gè)核的裂變，因此放射現(xiàn)象提供了一個(gè)極靈敏的分析方法。

39 、She was the weakest link, she gets disintegrated.─── 她是最弱一環(huán) 所以被解體了

40 、During the disintegration energy is released from the nucleus.───在衰變時(shí)由原子核釋放出能量。

41 、In a multi-paradigm programming language, the laws are considerably different, but the disintegration of the system can be equally pronounced.───在多范例編程語言中,定律截然不同,但同樣可以宣告系統(tǒng)的瓦解。

42 、At present, political and ideological infiltration through religious activities are the major ways for the "westernization", "disintegration" and "peaceful evolution" by Western hostile forces.───摘要在現(xiàn)階段，利用宗教進(jìn)行政治滲透和思想滲透是西方敵對(duì)勢(shì)力對(duì)我國實(shí)施“西化”、“分化”、“和平演變”政治圖謀的重要方式和手段。

43 、There is little we can do to stop this natural disintegration of the continents.───我們難以阻止這種陸地的自然蛻變作用。

44 、Prior to their release, our products are tested for disintegration and weight variation using methods outlined both in the European Pharmacopeia and United States Pharmacopeia.───在他們的發(fā)行之前, 我們的產(chǎn)品被測(cè)試為崩解并且重量變異運(yùn)用方法概述了兩個(gè)在歐洲藥典和美國藥典。

45 、Today, fifteen years after the disintegration of the former Soviet Union, the media industry in Russia has come to a new stage of development.───摘要前蘇聯(lián)解體15年之后的今天，俄羅斯傳媒也進(jìn)入到一個(gè)新的發(fā)展階段。

46 、Your translation: 'By the end of the last century, the gradual disintegration of Chinese “collectivism ...───上世紀(jì)中葉的中國式“集體主義”，自從在世紀(jì)末之前，逐漸分解以及還原為對(duì)個(gè)人和個(gè)體的尊重，

47 、In such a multi-ethnic country that would be a recipe for further disintegration.───在這樣一個(gè)多民族國家中，這也可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致俄羅斯進(jìn)一步的分裂。

48 、He was referring to the belief that disintegration could most effectively be expressed in a chaotic form.───他說的是這樣一種信念：崩潰能在混亂的形式中最好地將這一信念表現(xiàn)出來。

49 、It is from this point of view that we should seek to interpret all those statistics which register the disintegration of the moral order.───只有從這種觀點(diǎn)出發(fā)我們才能夠解釋種種反映道德秩序日益解體的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字。

50 、Complete disintegration of cytoplasm at stage of vacuolated microspore.───單核液泡期的小孢子細(xì)胞質(zhì)完全解體。

51 、The most probable explanation of radioactive disintegration is to be found in terms of the modern ideas concerning the structure of matter.───必須根據(jù)物質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)的現(xiàn)代觀點(diǎn)才能更好地闡明放射性裂變現(xiàn)象。

52 、A new class of rich people became wealthy quickly after the disintegration of USSR along with its transition from planned economy to market economy.───摘要俄羅斯新貴是前蘇聯(lián)解體后，俄羅斯向市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)軌過程中迅速暴富起來的人。

53 、The yellowish hue that becomes visible as a Bruise heals comes from the disintegration and gradual absorption of Blood.───在愈合過程中,因局部形成膽汁以及血液的分解和逐漸吸收,顏色逐漸淡化為**。

54 、However,as the shelter of paternity,the oppugning and disintegration to the system and ethic of household cannot but lead to the entire disintegration to paternity.───家族制度和家族倫理作為封建父權(quán)的安身立命之所,對(duì)它們的質(zhì)疑和瓦解必然導(dǎo)致父權(quán)在整體上被瓦解,從此,父權(quán)走上了衰微之路。

55 、After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Russia began to reform the management system of vocational education to promote the development of vocational education.───摘要前蘇聯(lián)解體后，為促進(jìn)職業(yè)教育發(fā)展，俄羅斯政府開始改革職業(yè)教育的管理體制。

56 、Since the disintegration of Bretton Woods System, tremendous changes have taken place in the field of international finance.───布雷頓森林體系崩潰后，國際金融領(lǐng)域發(fā)生了深刻的變化。

57 、According to the more traditional view point, these changes represent a breakdown in the family structure, a disintegration of values and decline of morality.───以較為傳統(tǒng)的觀點(diǎn)來看，這些變化代表著家庭結(jié)構(gòu)的破裂、價(jià)值觀的解體和道德的淪喪。

58 、Information disintegration is a kind of new social disintegration phenomenon arising in the contemporary social informationization.───摘要信息分化是當(dāng)代社會(huì)信息化過程中凸現(xiàn)的一種新的社會(huì)分化現(xiàn)象。

59 、In D18S, on the contrary, there is no apparent disintegration at meioses stage.,only in a few tapetum cells occurred some blank regions.───不育系水稻D18S絨氈層在減數(shù)分裂期解體現(xiàn)象不明顯，僅在部分細(xì)胞內(nèi)部形成空腔；

60 、Denominational disintegration is a tragic, but predictable, sight.───宗派蛻變是一場(chǎng)悲劇，然而卻可以預(yù)見。

61 、I'm shocked she doesn't just disintegrate in the rain.─── 居然沒有遇水分解了 我也是很驚訝

62 、Endotoxin lies in the inner part of the gram-negative cell walls.Endotoxin releases due to the cell-wall disintegration and exocytosis.───內(nèi)毒素存在于革蘭陰性細(xì)菌菌體的細(xì)胞壁內(nèi),在細(xì)菌死后細(xì)胞壁崩解時(shí)釋出,活菌亦可以發(fā)皰形式將內(nèi)毒素釋出。

63 、Decomposition into fragments or parts; disintegration.───分裂，分解碎片或幾部分; 分解

64 、The disintegration of gender and lacking of ideals ushers in the contradiction of gender condemnation and academic values when faced by feminists.───性別消解與理想缺失，造成當(dāng)代女性主義面對(duì)性別批判與學(xué)術(shù)價(jià)值的矛盾。

65 、Some theorists call this the "vertical disintegration of production across borders".───因而，有部分理論家將此表述為“垂直非一體化的跨國生產(chǎn)”，這實(shí)在太復(fù)雜了。

66 、He survived the disintegration of the Soviet empire in the 1990s and the centralisation of power in the 2000s.───他在蘇聯(lián)帝國上世紀(jì)90年代的解體大潮中幸存下來，成功地避過了本世紀(jì)的中央政府收權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)。

67 、And isn't this just another indication of the inevitable disintegration of the present time?───“這就是現(xiàn)今這時(shí)代不可避免的分化不是?”

68 、Ceaseless wars are the cause of the European disintegration.───列強(qiáng)連綿不斷的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的確為歐洲分裂的原因, 而共同的文化資源更無疑是歐洲分久必合的深層動(dòng)因。

69 、Value disintegration is the by-product of society transition.───價(jià)值觀的分化是社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型的伴生物。

70 、And the wood has disintegrated over a thousand years.─── 一千年以來 木材已經(jīng)腐化

71 、But our interest here lies not with the stow of its political disintegration but with its effect upon the human mind and upon the general destinies of our race.───不過本書的興趣不在于其政治分裂的情況，而在于它對(duì)人類思想和我們?nèi)祟愓w命運(yùn)的影響。

72 、Nanjing's most important feature is its distinct ups and downs, that is, the decline during national unity and the prosperity during national disintegration.───南京城市最重要的特點(diǎn)，是其興衰起伏非常明顯，即在歷史上，國家統(tǒng)一則南京衰落，國家分裂則南京興盛。

73 、The act or result of decomposing; disintegration.───分解或分解結(jié)果；分裂

74 、This process of disintegration often begins with a senior leader publicly denouncing his old colleagues.───它們的瓦解通常是始自高級(jí)**公開指斥他的前同伙。

75 、The city administrative department should recognize the relation between the disintegration and integration of urban minorities, so as to all nationalities develop accordingly.───城市管理部門應(yīng)當(dāng)正確認(rèn)識(shí)城市少數(shù)民族分化和整合的關(guān)系，推動(dòng)各民族的和諧發(fā)展。

76 、"Broadleaf evergreen and deciduous mixed forests in subtropical zone" has the lowest heterogeneity degree for its smallest area and less disintegration.───“亞熱帶常綠、落葉闊葉混交林”分布面積最小，分化程度最弱，異質(zhì)性最低。

77 、In the autumn of 1991, at the age of 35, he had to deal with the collapse of the Soviet economy and the disintegration of a nuclear empire into 15 states.───1991年秋，核帝國蘇維埃經(jīng)濟(jì)瓦解并分裂成15個(gè)國家，35歲的蓋達(dá)爾不得不采取應(yīng)對(duì)措施。

78 、Thecalculation of inflight disintegration for a model aircraft is presented and indicated thatthe...───同時(shí)給出模型機(jī)空中解體試驗(yàn)的計(jì)算結(jié)果，以證明這種方法是正確的、實(shí)用的。

79 、The main shortages in ferrosilicon disintegration and the cause are analysed.The measures to improve ferrosilicon disintegration are described.───分析了引起硅鐵粉化的主要原因,提出了控制硅鐵粉化的措施。

80 、And when I took it from him, it disintegrated.─── 我從他手里搶來后 它分解了

81 、Meanwhile, we also see that some forces even attempt to bring about the disintegration and collapse of China as the case of the Soviet Union.───同時(shí)，我們還看到有一些勢(shì)力甚至試圖促成中國像蘇聯(lián)那樣解體和崩潰。

82 、He explained that, if matter is converted into energy by the disintegration of atoms, that process would be represented by a simple little equation: E = mc2.───他解釋，通過原子分裂將物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化為能量的過程只需表達(dá)為一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的方程式：E=MC2。

83 、The action of seepage erosion and disintegration produced by groundwater are important causation of the formation and development of soil cave.───地下水(地表水)產(chǎn)生的滲透潛蝕作用、崩解作用等是土洞形成和發(fā)展的重要原因。

84 、Our victory depends not only upon our military operations but also upon the disintegration of the enemy troops.───我們的勝利不但是依靠我軍的作戰(zhàn)，而且依靠敵軍的瓦解。

85 、Disintegration of cytoplasm at stage of central nucleus microspore.22.───單核中央期小孢子細(xì)胞質(zhì)開始解體。

86 、This region was in the thriving period of Dawenkou Culture which reflects the process of transiton of matriarchal society to patriarchal society and the disintegration of primitive society.───大汶口文化反映了由母系氏族社會(huì)向父系氏族社會(huì)過渡,及原始社會(huì)解體的整個(gè)過程。

87 、I didn't know your gearbox was disintegrating.─── 我又不知道你的變速箱快散架了

88 、In quality evaluation,determined the disintegration latitude of product,established TLC of Psoralea corylifolia L. ,.───在質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)中,進(jìn)行制劑崩解時(shí)限的測(cè)定,建立了補(bǔ)骨脂、肉豆蔻、吳茱萸的薄層鑒別以及補(bǔ)骨脂中補(bǔ)骨脂素、異補(bǔ)骨脂素的含量測(cè)定方法;

89 、In order to study the characteristic of road slope and soil erodibility,a soil disintegration instrument is developed to test compacted loess disintegration under water.───為研究公路邊坡降雨侵蝕的特殊性以及土質(zhì)邊坡的可蝕性,通過觀察分析,并利用自行研制的崩解儀進(jìn)行了壓實(shí)黃土浸水崩解試驗(yàn)。

90 、Some leading socialists are openly saying that their party's prospects have been gravely damaged by the disintegration of relations between Royal and Hollande.───一些社會(huì)黨領(lǐng)袖公開表示,他們政黨的前景已經(jīng)因羅雅爾和奧朗德關(guān)系的瓦解而嚴(yán)重受損。

中英語言的差異？

第一、英語重結(jié)構(gòu)，漢語重語義

這是漢英語言最顯著的差異。 我國著名語言學(xué)家王力先生曾經(jīng)說過：“就句子的結(jié)構(gòu)而論，西洋語言是法治的，中國語言是人治的。”(《中國語法理論》，《王力文集》第一卷，第35頁，山東教育出版社，1984年)

我們看一看下面的例子：

Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with inbuilt personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell television, and digital age will have arrived。

兒童將與裝有個(gè)性芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍，具有個(gè)性內(nèi)置的計(jì)算機(jī)將被視為工作伙伴而不是工具，人們將在氣味電視前休閑，到這時(shí)數(shù)字時(shí)代就來到了。

這句英語是由四個(gè)獨(dú)立句構(gòu)成的并列句，前三個(gè)句子都用簡(jiǎn)單將來時(shí)，最后一個(gè)句子用的是將來完成時(shí)，句子之間的關(guān)系通過時(shí)態(tài)、逗號(hào)和并列連詞and表示得一清二楚。而漢語譯文明顯就是簡(jiǎn)單的敘述，至于句子之間的關(guān)系完全通過句子的語義表現(xiàn)出來：前三個(gè)句子可以看成是并列關(guān)系，最后一個(gè)句子則表示結(jié)果。

注：inbuilt意思可以按照“built in”來理解：嵌入的；內(nèi)在的，固有的）

第二、英語多長(zhǎng)句，漢語多短句

由于英語是"法治"的語言，只要結(jié)構(gòu)上沒有出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤，許多意思往往可以放在一個(gè)長(zhǎng)句中表達(dá)；漢語則正好相反，由于是"人治"，語義通過字詞直接表達(dá)，不同的意思往往通過不同的短句表達(dá)出來。正是由于這個(gè)原因，英譯漢試題幾乎百分之百都是長(zhǎng)而復(fù)雜的句子，而翻譯成中文經(jīng)常就成了許多短小的句子。

例如：Interest in historical methods had arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.

人們對(duì)歷史研究方法產(chǎn)生了興趣，這與其說是因?yàn)橥獠繉?duì)歷史作為一門知識(shí)學(xué)科的有效性提出了挑戰(zhàn)，還不如說是因?yàn)闅v史學(xué)家內(nèi)部發(fā)生了爭(zhēng)吵。

英文原句是個(gè)典型的長(zhǎng)句，由27個(gè)詞組成，中間沒有使用任何標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，完全靠語法結(jié)構(gòu)使整個(gè)句子的意思化零為整：less through...and more from構(gòu)成一個(gè)復(fù)雜的狀語修飾動(dòng)詞arisen。在中文翻譯中，"產(chǎn)生興趣"這一重要內(nèi)容通過一個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子表達(dá)，兩個(gè)不同的原因則分別由不同的句子表達(dá)，整個(gè)句子被化整為零。

第三、英語多從句，漢語多分句

英語句子不僅可以在簡(jiǎn)單句中使用很長(zhǎng)的修飾語使句子變長(zhǎng)，同時(shí)也可以用從句使句子變復(fù)雜，而這些從句往往通過從句引導(dǎo)詞與主句或其它從句連接，整個(gè)句子盡管表面上看錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜卻是一個(gè)整體。漢語本來就喜歡用短句，加上表達(dá)結(jié)構(gòu)相對(duì)松散，英語句子中的從句翻成漢語時(shí)往往成了一些分句。

例如：On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.

總的來說，得出這樣一個(gè)結(jié)論是有一定程度把握的，但是必須具備兩個(gè)條件：能夠假定這個(gè)孩子對(duì)測(cè)試的態(tài)度和與他相比的另一個(gè)孩子的態(tài)度相同；他也沒有因缺乏別的孩子已掌握的有關(guān)知識(shí)而被扣分。

原文中兩個(gè)only if引導(dǎo)的從句顯然使整個(gè)句子變得很復(fù)雜，可是由于有并列連詞but和and，整句話的邏輯關(guān)系十分清楚：…能夠得出結(jié)論…但是只要…而且只要…。從上面的譯文我們可以看出，為了使中文表達(dá)更加清楚，but only if...and only if...首先提綱挈領(lǐng)：但是必須具備兩個(gè)條件……，這種做法給我們的感覺是譯文中沒有從句，有的只是一些不同的分句。

第四、主語，賓語等名詞成分“英語多代詞，漢語多名詞”

在句子中，英語多用名詞和介詞，漢語多用動(dòng)詞。

英語不僅有we、you、he、they等人稱代詞，而且還有that、which之類的關(guān)系代詞，在長(zhǎng)而復(fù)雜的句子，為了使句子結(jié)構(gòu)正確、語義清楚，同時(shí)避免表達(dá)上的重復(fù)，英語往往使用很多代詞。漢語雖然也有代詞，但由于結(jié)構(gòu)相對(duì)松散、句子相對(duì)較短，漢語里不能使用太多的代詞，使用名詞往往使語義更加清楚。請(qǐng)看下面的例句：

There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.

屆時(shí)，將出現(xiàn)由機(jī)器人主持的電視訪談節(jié)目及裝有污染監(jiān)測(cè)器的汽車，一旦這些汽車污染超標(biāo)(或違規(guī))，監(jiān)測(cè)器就會(huì)使其停駛。

第五、英語多被動(dòng)，漢語多主動(dòng)

英語比較喜歡用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，科技英語尤其如此。漢語雖然也有"被"、"由"之類的詞表示動(dòng)作是被動(dòng)的，但這種表達(dá)遠(yuǎn)沒有英語的被動(dòng)語態(tài)那么常見，因此，英語中的被動(dòng)在漢譯中往往成了主動(dòng)。下面我們先看一組常用被動(dòng)句型的漢譯：

It must be pointed out that...必須指出……

It must be admitted that...必須承認(rèn)……

It is imagined that...人們認(rèn)為……

It can not be denied that...不可否認(rèn)……

It will be seen from this that...由此可知……

It should be realized that...必須認(rèn)識(shí)到……

It is (always) stressed that...人們(總是)強(qiáng)調(diào)……

It may be said without fear of exaggeration that...可以毫不夸張地說……

這些常用被動(dòng)句型屬于習(xí)慣表達(dá)法，在科技英語中出現(xiàn)頻率很高，考生不僅要熟悉這些句型的固定翻譯，同時(shí)要認(rèn)識(shí)到許多英語中的被動(dòng)從習(xí)慣上來講要譯成漢語的主動(dòng)。我們?cè)倏匆粋€(gè)典型的例子：

And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can by no means be compared with these processes, and that they have to be required by a sort of special training.

許多人認(rèn)為，普通人的思維活動(dòng)根本無法與科學(xué)家的思維活動(dòng)相比，認(rèn)為這些思維活動(dòng)必須經(jīng)過某種專門訓(xùn)練才能掌握。

原文中有三個(gè)被動(dòng)語態(tài)is imagined, be compared和be required，譯成漢語都變成了主動(dòng)表達(dá)：認(rèn)為、相比和掌握。

有些英語被動(dòng)需要把主語譯成漢語的賓語，這樣才能更加符合中文的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。

例如：New sources of energy must be found, and this will take time, but it is not likely to result in any situation that will ever restore （歸還；恢復(fù)，復(fù)興；恢復(fù)健康，復(fù)原）that sense of cheap and plentiful energy we have had in the past time.

必須找到新的能源，這需要時(shí)間；而過去我們感覺到的那種能源價(jià)廉而充足的情況將不大可能再出現(xiàn)了。

第六、英語多變化，漢語多重復(fù)

熟悉英語的人都知道，英語表達(dá)相同的意思時(shí)往往變換表達(dá)方式。第一次說"我認(rèn)為"可以用"I think"，第二次再用"I think"顯然就很乏味，應(yīng)該換成"I believe"或"I imagine"之類的表達(dá)。相比之下，漢語對(duì)變換表達(dá)方式的要求沒有英語那么高，很多英語中的變化表達(dá)譯成重復(fù)表達(dá)就行了。請(qǐng)看下面的例子：

The monkeys most extraordinary accomplishment was learning to operate a tractor. By the age of nine, the monkey had learned to solo on the vehicle.

這只猴子最了不起的成就是學(xué)會(huì)駕駛拖拉機(jī)。到九歲的時(shí)候，這只猴子已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了單獨(dú)表演駕駛拖拉機(jī)了。tractor和vehicle在句中顯然都表示"拖拉機(jī)"，英語表達(dá)上有變化，而譯成漢語時(shí)使用了重復(fù)表達(dá)法。

第七、英語多抽象，漢語多具體

做翻譯實(shí)踐較多的人都有這樣的體會(huì)：英文句子難譯主要難在結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜和表達(dá)抽象上。通過分析句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，把長(zhǎng)句變短句、從句變分句，結(jié)構(gòu)上的難題往往迎刃而解。表達(dá)抽象則要求譯者吃透原文的意思、用具體的中文進(jìn)行表達(dá)，這對(duì)考生往往具有更大的挑戰(zhàn)性。

下面我們先看一組例子：

disintegration 土崩瓦解

ardent （熱心的；熱情的）loyalty 赤膽忠心

total exhaustion 筋疲力盡

far-sightedness 遠(yuǎn)見卓識(shí)

careful consideration 深思熟慮

perfect harmony （和聲；和睦）水乳交融

feed on fancies 畫餅充饑

with great eagerness 如饑似渴

lack of perseverance 三天打魚，兩天曬網(wǎng)

make a little contribution （捐款；捐助）添磚加瓦

on the verge of destruction 危在旦夕

從上面的例子不難看出，英語表達(dá)往往比較抽象，漢語則喜歡比較具體。我們?cè)倏匆粋€(gè)翻譯：

Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population to the points whereas the planet can provide a comfortable support for all, people will have to accept more "unnatural food."

除非人類終于意識(shí)到要把人口減少到這樣的程度：使地球能為所有人提供足夠的飲食，否則人們將不得不接受更多的“人造食品”。

原文中有三個(gè)抽象的名詞：sense, point和support和兩個(gè)抽象的形容詞comfortable和unnatural。根據(jù)大綱中詞匯表提供的解釋，sense可指“感覺”、“判斷力”，point的意思是“點(diǎn)”，support的意思是“支撐(物)”、“支持(物)”，comfortable是“舒適的”，unnatural是“非自然的”，都是意思十

用樂高積木能干什么？

能搭自己心中的圖案