扒开老师双腿猛进入白浆小说,熟女人妻私密按摩内射,成人A片激情免费视频,亚洲欧洲AV无码区玉蒲区

當(dāng)前位置: > 投稿>正文

cocaine是什么意思,cocaine中文翻譯,cocaine發(fā)音、用法及例句

2025-09-04 投稿

cocaine是什么意思,cocaine中文翻譯,cocaine發(fā)音、用法及例句

?cocaine

cocaine發(fā)音

英:[k???ke?n]  美:[?ko??ke?n]

英:  美:

cocaine中文意思翻譯

n.可卡因

cocaine詞形變化

動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞: cobwebbing | 形容詞: cobwebby | 動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù): cobwebs | 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式: cobwebbed | 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞: cobwebbed |

cocaine常見(jiàn)例句

1 、Addiction to the drug crack cocaine is spreading rapidly.───對(duì)純可卡因的毒癮正在快速蔓延。

2 、The dried leaves of such a plant,chewed by people of the Andes for a stimulating effect and also used for extraction of cocaine and other alkaloids.───古柯葉這種植物的干樹(shù)葉,安第斯山脈的人們?yōu)閷で蟠碳ぷ饔枚浪椋灿糜谔崛」趴聣A和其他生物堿。

3 、So what did you do? I switched to cocaine.─── 你后來(lái)怎么做的 我改為吸可卡因了

4 、But it has since risen again.And thanks to productivity increases, total cocaine production in the Andes remains stable (see chart).───但是此后,可卡因的產(chǎn)量又再度回升,由于生產(chǎn)力的提高,安第斯地區(qū)的可卡因總產(chǎn)量一直趨于穩(wěn)定。

5 、Don't have cocaine abusively.───不可濫服古柯堿。

6 、A crystalline substance, C15H21NO2, used as a local anesthetic, substituting for cocaine, in veterinary medicine.───優(yōu)加因一種結(jié)晶狀物質(zhì)C15H21NO2,在獸醫(yī)中用作為局部**劑,是可卡因的代用品

7 、Have you ever taken cocaine?───你用過(guò)可卡因嗎?

8 、One day as he was walking down the hallway in his apartment building, he noticed two guys smoking crack cocaine.───有一天當(dāng)他在公寓大樓里的走道里,看到兩個(gè)吸食可卡因的人。

9 、It reversed the inhibition on DAT by cocaine, but did not compete for the same binding sites on DAT with cocaine.───它能夠翻轉(zhuǎn)可卡因?qū)AT的抑制,但不競(jìng)爭(zhēng)可卡因和DAT的結(jié)合位點(diǎn)。

10 、He was found to have taken cocaine, and Italian authorities banned him from playing for a year.───他被發(fā)現(xiàn)吸食可卡因,意大利官方便讓他停賽一年。

11 、It’s almost guaranteed that if some Columbian drug lord can start offering “organic” cocaine, he’ll be the richest guy ever.───先翻譯最后一段話:幾乎可以肯定如果某些賣(mài)藥的開(kāi)始提供有機(jī)可卡因,他將會(huì)變成世界上最有錢(qián)的人。

12 、Bissell's mother and brother said yesterday the family had known about his cocaine use for five years, but had been unable to help him kick the habit.───比斯?fàn)柕哪赣H和兄弟昨天說(shuō),家人五年以前就知道他吸上了可卡因,但一直未能幫助他戒除這個(gè)嗜好。

13 、While working with cocaine for nerve block anesthesia, he and some of his associates became addicted.───在研究可卡因用于神經(jīng)阻滯**的過(guò)程中,他和部分助手染上了藥癮。

14 、"And police in Mexico found a pickup truck with side panels and bumpers that were made entirely of cocaine.───“墨西哥警察發(fā)現(xiàn)了一輛小貨車(chē),車(chē)的側(cè)板和保險(xiǎn)杠都是完全由可卡因做成的。

15 、Drugger can take up paper, directly roll up cocaine powder and suck drug by nose.───吸毒者能拿起紙幣,直接卷起可卡因粉末用鼻子吸食。

16 、The habitual or excessive use of cocaine.───古柯堿癖習(xí)慣性地或過(guò)度地使用可卡因

17 、Any of certain Andean evergreen shrubs or small trees of the genus Erythroxylum, especially E. coca, whose leaves contain cocaine and other alkaloids.───古柯一種安第斯山脈古柯屬常青灌木或小樹(shù),尤指古柯,其樹(shù)葉含有古柯堿和其他生物堿

18 、Secondly, cocaine has well documented effects on the reward system of mammal brains by influencing the levels of dopamine in the brain.───其次,可卡因通過(guò)影響哺乳動(dòng)物大腦中多巴胺的水平很好地證明了其對(duì)哺乳動(dòng)物大腦回報(bào)系統(tǒng)的效果。

19 、Here's the cocaine and here's your target.─── 這是可卡因 這是你的目標(biāo)

20 、All the contenders have promised to bring stability to Guinea-Bissau, which has become a major transit point for cocaine trafficking to Europe.───所有候選人均承諾給幾內(nèi)亞-比索帶來(lái)穩(wěn)定。該國(guó)是向歐洲運(yùn)輸可卡因的主要運(yùn)輸點(diǎn)。

21 、I... I got peppersprayed by that woman, then we went back to her place, she gave me cocaine, and I pretended to do cocaine.─── 我被她噴了防狼噴霧 然后去了她家 她給我可卡因 我假裝吸了

22 、Given the effects of cocaine on people, hyperactivity may seem like a fairly obvious reaction.───我們已經(jīng)知道,人若是服用了可卡因,最明顯的表現(xiàn)可能是極度活躍。

23 、In the hook, she claimed it was Bissell who introduced her to a near-fatal cocaine habit while they were both members of.───她在書(shū)中聲稱,當(dāng)比斯?fàn)柡退荚诿绹?guó)芭蕾舞劇院當(dāng)演員時(shí),是他帶領(lǐng)她染上了吸可卡因這個(gè)近乎致命的惡習(xí)的。

24 、He was addicted to cocaine.───他吸可卡因上癮。

25 、If his death was indeed brought about by cocaine, the habit had unwitting help from his admirers.───如果他的死亡確實(shí)由可卡因所致,那么,他的崇拜者的推崇就不知不覺(jué)地助長(zhǎng)了他吸毒的惡癖。

26 、When peace came, drug-trafficking syndicates were springing up across Central America to transport Colombian cocaine to the United States.───當(dāng)和平終于降臨,藥品**巨鱷們重出江湖運(yùn)送哥倫比亞的可卡因去美國(guó)。

27 、The addicts were basing large amount of cocaine.───吸毒者正在吸食大量的可卡因。

28 、A woman was also questioned in connection with the incident, and later charged with possession of cocaine for the purposes of trafficking.───另一名是婦女,她被審問(wèn)事件的相關(guān)內(nèi)容后,被指控非法藏有可卡因并意圖交易。

29 、The cocaine gets stored in the fat and uses it as a workhouse.───未成年人鼻咽部比較狹小,扁桃體反復(fù)感染和腺樣體肥大是導(dǎo)致小兒鼾癥的主要原因。

30 、Naturally, most anesthetics - like nitrous oxide and Novocaine (which is made from cocaine), have hallucinogenic side-effects.───據(jù)信,氙氣的藥效和笑氣差不多,只是沒(méi)有聽(tīng)覺(jué)上的效應(yīng)。

31 、His paper On the General Effect of Cocaine, written in the spring of 1885, was published in August and subsequently abstracted in the Lancer.───他的論文《關(guān)于可卡因的普遍效應(yīng)》寫(xiě)1885年春季,八月份發(fā)表后就在《持矛騎兵》雜志上登出摘要。

32 、It doesn't have the side-effects of crack cocaine.───它可沒(méi)有高純度可卡因那樣的副作用。

33 、Analysis showed that cocaine was present in the mixture.───分析的結(jié)果表明混合物中含有可卡因。

34 、Of 18 subjects who completed the study, 16 tested negative for methamphetamine and cocaine during the last six weeks of the trial.───18位完成這項(xiàng)試驗(yàn)受試者中,16位于試驗(yàn)最后6周之中,尿液中沒(méi)有偵測(cè)到安非他命以及可卡因;

35 、Cocaine, especially a small amount snorted at one time.───可卡因可卡因,特別指供一次食用的小劑量可卡因

36 、At the same time, drug agents are finding that the cocaine they seize is two or three times purer than that seized last year.───同時(shí),查毒人員發(fā)現(xiàn),他們查獲的可卡因比去年查獲的純度要高二至三倍。

37 、The dried leaves of such a plant, chewed by people of the Andes for a stimulating effect and also used for extraction of cocaine and other alkaloids.───古柯葉這種植物的干樹(shù)葉,安第斯山脈的人們?yōu)閷で蟠碳ぷ饔枚浪?,也用于提取古柯堿和其他生物堿

38 、Contrast the signs of cocaine withdrawal and opiate withdrawal, and the probable mechanisms involved.───對(duì)照古柯堿戒斷癥狀和鴉片戒斷癥狀的征兆和可能有關(guān)的機(jī)制。

39 、I was actually self-medicating the anxiety from my ADHD with cocaine.───我是真的自我藥物治療的焦慮從我多動(dòng)癥與可卡因。

40 、We were sitting in a whorehouse at the time, waiting for a girl to appear;he had promised to slip her some cocaine.───此刻我們正坐在一家妓院里等一個(gè)姑娘到來(lái),柯林斯應(yīng)允悄悄給她一點(diǎn)兒可卡因。

41 、As a result, cocaine users sometimes have heart attacks.───所以,可卡因吸毒者有時(shí)會(huì)心臟病發(fā)作。

42 、The Colombian Government is considering using a strain of the Fusarium fungus, which attacks and kills coca plants - the source of cocaine.───哥倫比亞政府表示正在考慮使用一種鐮孢菌類植物,它將使用于制作可卡因的古柯類植物無(wú)法生存,并至其于死地。

43 、Did Cocaine Finally Kill Patrick Bissell?───是可卡因最后害死了帕特里克·比斯?fàn)枂?

44 、Carlos Lehder was to cocaine transportation what Henry Ford was to cars.───卡洛斯·雷德與可卡因販運(yùn)的關(guān)系,正如亨利·福特與汽車(chē)的關(guān)系。

45 、I was doing cocaine because... I love it.─── 我在吸可卡因 因?yàn)? 我很喜歡

46 、I don't see where we are winning the war on cocaine.───我看不出來(lái)我們那個(gè)地方在打贏這場(chǎng)可卡因戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。

47 、Photographs of Moss apparently snorting large quantities of cocaine appeared in the Daily Mirror tabloid last September.───去年九月鏡報(bào)大幅刊登了凱特·莫斯吸食可卡因的照片。

48 、In April 1884 Freud read of a German army doctor who had successfully employed cocaine as a means of increasing the energy and endurance of soldiers.───1884年4月弗洛伊德讀到一篇關(guān)于一位德國(guó)軍醫(yī)成功地使用可卡因來(lái)增加士兵體能和耐力的文章。

49 、The cocaine takes the bottom off the heroin and the heroin takes the top off the cocaine.─── **游走完 可卡因又來(lái)了 可卡因游走完 **又來(lái)了

50 、If his death was indeed brought about by cocaine, the habithad unwitting help from his admirers.───如果他的死亡確實(shí)由可卡因所致,那么,他的崇拜者的推崇就 不知 不覺(jué)地助長(zhǎng)了他吸毒的惡癖。

51 、On Bush's watch the country was flooded with cocaine form the Medellin cartel.───在布什任內(nèi),美國(guó)充斥來(lái)自麥德林犯罪組織的可卡因。

52 、Having sex, however, causes very little increased risk of heart attack whereas cocaine use boosts the likelihood 20 times.───**很少會(huì)增加心臟病突發(fā)的可能性,相反使用可卡因會(huì)使這種可能性提高20倍。

53 、This can't just be from the cocaine.─── 這不可能只是由可卡因引起的

54 、MENTION Colombia, and most people think of cocaine, kidnappings and guerrilla violence.───一說(shuō)起哥倫比亞,大多數(shù)人都會(huì)想到可卡因、架案和游擊隊(duì)。

55 、The antibiotic was worth twice its weight in cocaine.───同等重量的抗生素價(jià)值是可卡因的兩倍。

56 、Chemically purified, very potent cocaine in pellet form that is smoked through a glass pipe and is considered highly and rapidly addictive.───快克一種經(jīng)過(guò)高度化學(xué)提純的可卡因藥丸,通過(guò)玻璃煙管吸取,很容易使人上癮

57 、He has all the apparatus, including a blowtorch, for freebasing cocaine.───他有加熱吸用可卡因的所有器具,包括噴燈都有。

58 、You man the island and the cocaine and the elegant cars.───你們?cè)谖夷X袋中就變成了島嶼、可卡因和漂亮的車(chē).

59 、Fleischl%26rsquo;s temporary improvement on taking cocaine was short lived.───弗雷氏服用可卡因的短期效益沒(méi)有持續(xù)多久。

60 、Bush has been arrested for a DWI, and has allegedly used cocaine like William Howard Taft used bacon.───布什曾由于吸毒后駕車(chē)而被捕。人家講布什吸食可卡因就跟塔夫特總統(tǒng)吃培根肉(跟老百姓嗑瓜子)那樣平常。

61 、Cocaine is originally used as a local anesthetic by doctors.───古柯堿本被醫(yī)師用來(lái)當(dāng)作局部**劑.

62 、"Crack" is often described as a derivative of cocaine.───一般認(rèn)為“crack”是“cocaine”的派生詞。

63 、He is a drug addict, hooked on a mix of cocaine and meperidine.───是一個(gè)被古柯堿和呱替啶混合劑控制的毒癮患者。

64 、She was not hooked on cocaine before that.───以前,她吸可卡因并沒(méi)有上癮。

65 、He now had not one addictiontwo, taking cocaine in doses a hundred times larger than Freud used to do.───他現(xiàn)在不是只沉溺于一種兩種,可卡因的服用量要比弗洛伊德當(dāng)時(shí)大一百倍。

66 、He has all the apparatus,including a blowtorch,for freebasing cocaine.───他有加熱吸用可卡因的所有器具,包括噴燈都有。

67 、There's no cocaine in Coke, and technically there never was, though it uses coca leaves and kola nuts as flavorings and stimulants.───可樂(lè)里面沒(méi)有可卡因,并且從未有過(guò),盡管它使用古柯葉和可可果作為調(diào)料和刺激成本。

68 、Mr Dewey is seeing more crack cocaine around Tacoma.───在塔科馬港附近,杜威查獲的吸食可卡因正在增多。

69 、The Austrian company also commissioned its own test and said no cocaine was found.───奧地利公司還委托自己的測(cè)試,并表示沒(méi)有可卡因被發(fā)現(xiàn).

70 、Other than cocaine, it is my cocaine.─── 除了可卡因 這是我的可卡因

71 、So you want the world to stop, rushing to watch your spirit fully drop, from the time you were a psycho, groupie, cocaine, crazy.───你想讓世界停止,爭(zhēng)相觀賞你的精神完全崩潰,在你是一個(gè)神經(jīng)病,追星族,可卡因,瘋子的時(shí)候。

72 、Police in Columbia have seized 2.5 tons of cocaine hidden in boxes of chocolate bars at a warehouse.───哥倫比亞的警察在一所倉(cāng)庫(kù)的巧克力棒的盒子里發(fā)現(xiàn)了2.5噸的可卡因。

73 、Prices have gone up, the local people say, because of a series of offshore cocaine busts last year.───當(dāng)?shù)厝苏f(shuō),由于去年海外古柯堿價(jià)格連徐飆漲,這里的價(jià)格也水漲船高。

74 、He now had not one addiction but two, taking cocaine in doses a hundred times larger than Freud used to do.───他現(xiàn)在不是只沉溺于一種而是兩種,可卡因的服用量要比弗洛伊德當(dāng)時(shí)大一百倍。

75 、Cocaine is a anaesthetic.───可卡因是一種**藥品。

76 、Methods of qualitative and quantitative analysis for cocaine,benzylecgonine by HPLC &GC in case samples.───中毒案件檢材中可卡因及其主要代謝物苯甲酰愛(ài)岡寧的HPLC和GC定性及定量分析方法.

77 、Deputies reportedly confiscated 10 cocaine roks during a search of the apartment.───據(jù)報(bào)道,警察們?cè)谒巡樽≌瑫r(shí)沒(méi)收了10塊可卡因。

78 、By the following year, however, cases of cocaine addiction and intoxication were being reported from all over the world.───可是到了第二年,世界各地都報(bào)道了可卡因上癮及中毒的情況。

79 、They are believed to have smuggled several tons of cocaine by boat from the Banamas during the 90`s.───90年代的時(shí)候他們用載重?cái)?shù)以噸計(jì)的船從巴拿馬**大量的可卡因。

80 、For each molecular target, such as cocaine, a corresponding aptamer can be selected from a large DNA library.───對(duì)于一個(gè)分子靶標(biāo)(如可卡因)來(lái)說(shuō),可以從DNA庫(kù)中選出相對(duì)應(yīng)的核酸適體。

81 、Cocaine and yohimbine increased the release of NE from artery strips probably through a different course of action.───可卡因和育亨賓通過(guò)不同的作用途徑使動(dòng)脈條釋放ne增加。

82 、At the station, Roucolle and the Pole were interrogated by the Commissaire while a tin of the cocaine was sent away to be analysed.───在警察所,魯科勒和那個(gè)波蘭人被所長(zhǎng)親自審問(wèn),同時(shí),那些可卡因被拿走化驗(yàn)。

83 、You ever do cocaine? I did cocaine once.─── 你嗑過(guò)可卡因嗎 我試過(guò)一回

84 、We found some white substance on his jacket and I suspect it is cocaine.───我們?cè)谒膴A克上發(fā)現(xiàn)一些白色的物質(zhì),我懷疑是可卡因。

85 、Stephen has just confessed to taking cocaine.───史蒂芬剛剛坦白說(shuō)自己吸食過(guò)可卡因。

86 、Crack is a highly potent and addictive derivative of cocaine.───強(qiáng)效純可卡因是一種藥效極強(qiáng)、容易使人上癮的可卡因制劑。

87 、A small amount of cocaine arranged in a thin, usually tightly rolled strip for sniffing.───可卡因一小份可卡因,通常緊緊地卷成細(xì)條狀以供吸食

88 、There was alarm earlier this year when an aircraft carrying almost 700kg (more than half a ton) of cocaine was caught at Freetown's airport.───今年早些時(shí)候也發(fā)生過(guò)驚恐事件:一架承載約700公斤可卡因的飛機(jī)在弗里敦機(jī)場(chǎng)被捕獲。

89 、If I did, I wouldn't be asking you for cocaine.─── 我如果有信號(hào)就不用問(wèn)你們有沒(méi)有白粉了

coke的隱晦意思

coke的隱晦意思是可卡因。

coke這個(gè)詞在英文中不是只表示可樂(lè),它還有焦炭、焦煤以及可卡因的意思。如果熟悉一些青春片,甚至犯罪片美劇的應(yīng)該知道coke是cocaine的別稱。而cocaine是最常見(jiàn)的一種drug,也就是吃了會(huì)上癮的一種藥。

美劇《devious maid》里面的英語(yǔ)例句,強(qiáng)化了do這個(gè)動(dòng)詞。

I've just been doing coke, that's all.

我只吸了可卡,沒(méi)別的了。

所以要區(qū)分coke到底是什么意思,也很簡(jiǎn)單??此谖恼卤磉_(dá)中對(duì)應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞。如果是Drink coke,那肯定就是喝可樂(lè)。如果用的是Do coke,那你就要小心一點(diǎn)了。

可卡因的危害

1、神經(jīng)系統(tǒng):

使用可卡因后神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生興奮,形成飄飄然的快感,部分患者會(huì)成癮,長(zhǎng)期服用后可出現(xiàn)幻覺(jué)妄想等精神癥狀,有的患者甚至出現(xiàn)自殘或者攻擊行為。

2、心血管系統(tǒng):

可卡因會(huì)影響心血管及消化系統(tǒng),引起相應(yīng)的軀體的癥狀。小劑量可卡因可導(dǎo)致心率減慢,大劑量可卡因則會(huì)導(dǎo)致心率加快,呼吸急促等癥狀。過(guò)量者可出現(xiàn)惡心、嘔吐、痙攣、震顫,甚至死亡。

3、消化系統(tǒng):

長(zhǎng)期注射可卡因會(huì)導(dǎo)致機(jī)體免疫力下降,身體消瘦,容易發(fā)生感染等疾病。

可卡因的簡(jiǎn)史

古柯是一種生長(zhǎng)在南美洲安第斯山脈的熱帶山地常綠灌木,外形很像茶花,一般高1—4m不等。早在16世紀(jì),西班牙探險(xiǎn)家們便注意到南美土人通過(guò)咀嚼含古柯植物葉子的制品來(lái)提神,他們用扇貝或牡蠣的殼焚燒、研碎后的粉末狀殘?jiān)c古柯葉子混合制成,制成小球狀,晾干后咀嚼。甚至有筆記表示嚼這種小球可以讓他們感覺(jué)不到饑餓和干渴,因此有“圣草”之稱??赡苁且?yàn)樵谵r(nóng)業(yè)不發(fā)達(dá)時(shí)期,沒(méi)有足夠的食物供當(dāng)?shù)厝耸秤?,而古柯葉含有的豐富的植物堿和很多維生素和其他營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分。在長(zhǎng)途奔走或者狩獵的時(shí)候,咀嚼古柯葉會(huì)使得樹(shù)葉中的生物堿直接作用于人的中樞神經(jīng),對(duì)神經(jīng)產(chǎn)生一定的**作用,從而減輕人的口渴、饑餓、疲勞等感覺(jué)。甚至直到二十一世紀(jì),用古柯葉泡制的古柯茶類飲料和小吃仍然是南美很多地方的重要飲食搭配,以至于玻利維亞總統(tǒng)莫拉萊斯都正式要求聯(lián)合國(guó)廢除全面禁止古柯葉種植,同時(shí)禁止咀嚼古柯葉的禁令,他明確表示,“咀嚼古柯葉是安第斯土著居民流傳已久、有著千年歷史的習(xí)慣,不能也不應(yīng)該被禁止”。古柯類植物在南美的地位可見(jiàn)一斑。

十三世紀(jì),秘魯?shù)挠〖拥蹏?guó)將古柯樹(shù)奉為神樹(shù),認(rèn)為此樹(shù)是神明所賜,并且在祭祀典禮中焚燒古柯樹(shù)的葉子來(lái)祭奠太陽(yáng)神。西班牙人征服秘魯以后,古柯進(jìn)入流通領(lǐng)域,被商品化。

1750年,法國(guó)的植物學(xué)家尤蘇伊將第一批古柯樹(shù)的樣品運(yùn)送到歐洲。玻利維亞拉巴斯在1781年爆發(fā)土著起義,守城的士兵在軍糧不足的情況下靠著古柯葉撐了一段時(shí)間,這讓歐洲的很多人了解到古柯葉的效果。有傳教士因此提議用古柯葉來(lái)解決歐洲的饑荒,也有學(xué)者建議讓船員多食用古柯葉,不僅能增強(qiáng)船員的體力,同時(shí)又能讓古柯葉取代酒精,解決船員酗酒的問(wèn)題。

1855年,德國(guó)化學(xué)家弗里德里希(G. Friedrich)首次從古柯葉中提取出麻藥成分,并命名為Erythroxylon。1859年,奧地利化學(xué)家紐曼(Albert Neiman)又精制出更高純度的物質(zhì),命名為可卡因(Cocaine)。

1880年,有“現(xiàn)代外科學(xué)之父”之稱的霍爾斯特德(William Steward Halsted)將可卡因制成局部**劑。1884年,奧地利著名心理學(xué)家西格蒙德·弗洛伊德(Sigmand Frend)首先推薦用可卡因作局部**劑、性欲刺激劑、抗抑郁劑,并在其后很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間里用于治療幻想癥,他將其稱之為“富有魔力的物質(zhì)”。這些結(jié)果得到學(xué)術(shù)界的廣泛認(rèn)可,《波士頓醫(yī)學(xué)雜志》報(bào)道 “適量使用古柯不僅有益健康而且大有裨益”。《治療學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)》報(bào)道“無(wú)論有沒(méi)有鴉片癮,人們都感到想要嘗試一下古柯。情緒低落時(shí)用上點(diǎn)無(wú)害的藥物是必不可少的?!泵绹?guó)神經(jīng)學(xué)協(xié)會(huì)宣稱“一個(gè)抑郁寡歡,沉默寡言的病人,背負(fù)最深沉的哀痛或是悲傷的人”在可卡因的作用下也會(huì)停止抽泣,高興起來(lái)。

另外,由于可卡因可令鼻腔發(fā)干,人們認(rèn)為它在治療哮喘類疾病引起的鼻竇不適方面有特殊的用途。許多這樣的藥劑都制成了鼻煙狀。第一家從事可卡因商業(yè)生產(chǎn)為德國(guó)達(dá)姆斯丹的默克公司經(jīng)營(yíng),其產(chǎn)量由1879年的50克提升到了1885年的30kg。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),當(dāng)時(shí)的美國(guó)市場(chǎng)上含可卡因藥劑高達(dá)5萬(wàn)種以上,著名的馬丁尼酒(Martini)據(jù)稱每盎斯便含有11%的酒精以及6.5mg的古柯堿。

1886年,隨著美國(guó)部分地區(qū)頒布禁酒令,部分商人把可卡因調(diào)制為不含酒精的飲料,比如把古柯提出物與非洲可拉核液(Cola)混合。具興奮作用,起初作為藥物出售,后改制為無(wú)酒精飲料(有人認(rèn)為可卡因和著名飲料可口可樂(lè)具有某種淵源,此說(shuō)法無(wú)足夠的證據(jù)證實(shí),但至少1886年問(wèn)世的可口可樂(lè)仍還有微量可卡因,1906年排除此配方)。

1914年,以美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)批準(zhǔn)哈里遜(Harrison Narcotic)法案為標(biāo)志,大部分國(guó)家在法律上禁止可卡因的出售和使用??墒橇餍幸魳?lè)人Bohemians等在20世紀(jì)60年代初開(kāi)展所謂“反文化”運(yùn)動(dòng),使可卡因的應(yīng)用又在美國(guó)泛濫起來(lái),并成為當(dāng)時(shí)青年人的時(shí)髦。

20世紀(jì)70年代末期出現(xiàn)了鹽酸可卡因,首先在法國(guó)市場(chǎng)上非法出售。可服食也可溶于水作靜脈注射。如與**混合作靜脈注射稱為“快球”,因在高溫中易迅速被破壞,故不能鼻吸用。

1980年,美國(guó)發(fā)明了易升華的可卡因堿克勒克。將可卡因生物堿中乙醚蒸發(fā)掉而形成結(jié)晶,極純,為可卡因的精制品,加熱時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)出特殊的響聲,故定名為crack(音譯為克拉克或克勒克,意即爆裂聲)。市場(chǎng)售品名仍稱可卡因游離堿或可卡因自由堿,服用時(shí)通過(guò)加熱蒸發(fā)經(jīng)鼻吸迅速進(jìn)入肺部表面,經(jīng)氣體交換進(jìn)入血循環(huán),并刺激腦部,又在大循環(huán)內(nèi)稀釋。血值與靜脈注射相等。由于使用方便,給藥途徑較嚼食或經(jīng)口鼻攝入鹽酸可卡因作用都迅速,更容易成癮,可卡因的危害度急劇增加。

20世紀(jì)80年代,可卡因較為獨(dú)特的消除疲勞功能隨著功能飲料的興起又有所被重視,但副作用仍然不低。如原產(chǎn)泰國(guó)的紅牛自1995年12月將功能飲料的概念引進(jìn)中國(guó)以來(lái),主打“抗疲勞”功效,一直被認(rèn)為是功能飲料中的**,曾占到中國(guó)功能飲料70%以上的市場(chǎng)份額。但2004年,瑞典有3名年輕人的死亡被認(rèn)為與“紅?!庇嘘P(guān)。其中2人喝了摻酒的“紅?!焙笏劳?,另一人在繁重工作后,連續(xù)喝了數(shù)罐“紅?!保瑢?dǎo)致腎衰竭死亡。由此導(dǎo)致美國(guó)、英國(guó)、澳大利亞和新西蘭等國(guó)家要求功能性飲料必須標(biāo)注每日最大攝入量,并寫(xiě)明不適宜高血壓、心臟病患者飲用,兒童、孕婦、哺乳期婦女及對(duì)咖啡因過(guò)敏的人禁飲。

2006年,中國(guó)國(guó)家質(zhì)檢總局發(fā)布公告:泰國(guó)產(chǎn)“紅?!憋嬃霞慈掌鸩坏孟蛑袊?guó)進(jìn)口。2009年,奧地利進(jìn)口的“紅牛能量飲料”被臺(tái)灣衛(wèi)生部門(mén)驗(yàn)出含有微量一級(jí)**可卡因(每公升含0.03μg)。緊接著,香港也檢測(cè)出有三款紅牛飲料含有可卡因,這三款飲料為“紅??蓸?lè)”、“紅牛無(wú)糖配方”及“紅牛能量飲料”,每公升可卡因含量介乎0.1至0.3μg,較臺(tái)灣驗(yàn)出的高10倍。

本站其他內(nèi)容推薦

版權(quán)聲明: 本站僅提供信息存儲(chǔ)空間服務(wù),旨在傳遞更多信息,不擁有所有權(quán),不承擔(dān)相關(guān)法律責(zé)任,不代表本網(wǎng)贊同其觀點(diǎn)和對(duì)其真實(shí)性負(fù)責(zé)。如因作品內(nèi)容、版權(quán)和其它問(wèn)題需要同本網(wǎng)聯(lián)系的,請(qǐng)發(fā)送郵件至 舉報(bào),一經(jīng)查實(shí),本站將立刻刪除。