?uncouth

uncouth發(fā)音

英：[?n?ku:θ]　　美：[?n?kuθ]

英：　　美：

uncouth中文意思翻譯

adj.粗俗的, 笨拙的, 無教養(yǎng)的

uncouth詞形變化

副詞: uncouthly | 名詞: uncouthness |

uncouth同義詞

clumsy | rough-cut | unpolished | barbarian | uncivilized | ill-mannered | barbarous | rude | common | boorish | foul-mouthed | unrefined | awkward | impolite | improper | gross | ungainly | vulgar | crass | coarse | crude | bad-mannered | base | uncultured

uncouth反義詞

civilized

uncouth常見例句

1 、He smirked in acknowledgement of their uncouth greetings, and sat down───他皮笑肉不笑地接受了他的粗魯?shù)恼泻?，坐了下來?/p>

2 、The Shire-hobbits referred to those of Bree, and to any others that lived beyond the borders, as Outsiders, and took very little interest in them, considering them dull and uncouth.───霞爾霍比特人將布理人和那些住在布理以東的人統(tǒng)統(tǒng)稱作“外人”，對他們沒有多大興趣，認為他們愚鈍而粗野。

3 、But fear thee not, beloved youth, for we shall surmount all things uncouth.─── 叫聲愛人莫驚慌 心心相印迎險上

4 、uncouth; uneducated; ignorant───愚魯

5 、That is correct: I used the uncouth term wizard, not sorcerer.───沒錯，我用了一個十分無禮的稱呼，巫師，而非魔法師。

6 、xfhsm_ENG:My son's family has all taken ill. He deserves it, for marrying that uncouth merchant girl!───我兒子的家人都病了。那是他應得的懲罰，誰讓他娶了那樣一個專橫跋扈的女子為妻！

7 、The pathway among the woods seemed wilder, more uncouth with its rude natural obstacles and less trodden by the foot of man than he remembered it on his outward journey.───那林間小路在他看來，比他記憶中來時的途徑，似是更加蠻荒，由于天然的高低不平面更加坎坷，而且更少有人跡了。

8 、The chapter was very long, and consisted entirely of names, uncouth and difficult to pronounce───這一章很長，包括許許多多人的姓名，這些姓名陌生而又難于發(fā)音。

9 、An FBI agent with uncouth yet effective tactics is played by Patrick Swayze on A&E's The Beast.Charles Baker trains new partner Ellis Dove.───該片講的是老道但特立獨行的聯(lián)邦探員Charles Barker (Swayze飾演)，和他的搭檔 Ellis Dove (Fimmel飾演)，老人帶新人。

10 、A person, especially a clumsy or uncouth one.───家伙一個人，尤指笨拙的或古怪的人

11 、"No wonder you didn't show up yesterday. All that time you were discussing poetry with someone. We're uncouth, just not worthy of your acquaintance.───怪不得昨天不賞面子了，原來跟人談詩去了，我們是俗物呀！ 根本就不配認識你。

12 、The appearance of Rip, with his long grizzled beard, his rusty fowling-piece, his uncouth dress, and an army of women and children at his heels, soon attracted the attention of the tavern politicians.───瑞普在這里一出現(xiàn)：他那長長的花白胡子，生銹的獵**，奇怪的衣服，后面還跟了一大群女人和孩子，馬上就引起了那些旅店政客的注意。

13 、So I know people laugh at me, like I'm uncouth, like my campaign's a joke.─── 所以我知道有人嘲笑我 好像我很粗野 好像我的競選是個笑話

14 、rough and uncouth───粗獷

15 、9 see joke: A fierce will make a party, it is an uncouth fellow, self-willed, say some of clumsy word in a public occasion constantly.───9看笑話： 有個武將叫黨進，是個大老粗，又剛愎自用，時常在大庭廣眾之中說些蠢話。

16 、Disgusting. That was my uncouth period. How did you ever stand me, Wilma?───真惡心。我那時如此粗野，威爾瑪，你怎么能忍受我的？

17 、Yet his time came, in the end, in the form of a little weazened man who spat broken English and many strange and uncouth exclamations which Buck could not understand.───不過最終還是輪到他了,那是個矮瘦干枯的男人,講一口不標準的英語,還夾雜著許多巴克聽不懂的古怪而又粗魯?shù)捏@嘆。

18 、With its huge, uncouth, gnarled arms and fingers sprawling unsymmetrically, it stood an aged, angry, and scornful monster among the smiling birches.───它那彎曲多節(jié)的笨拙的巨臂和手指不對稱地伸開，它這棵老氣橫秋的、鄙夷一切的畸形的橡樹聳立在笑容可掬的樺樹之間。

19 、a crude uncouth ill-bred person lacking culture or refinement.───粗魯粗俗教養(yǎng)不好缺乏文明和文雅的人。

20 、The Chinese disciples of Pareto might have thought him uncouth .───巴萊托的中國門徒們也許要嫌他粗魯?shù)陌伞?/p>

21 、With a cry, John seized the branch of a tree, whipped the crutch out of his armpit, and sent that uncouth missile hurtling through the air.───約翰大叫一聲，抓住一根樹枝，從肋下抽出拐杖，猛地扔了出去。

22 、She may embarrass you with her uncouth behavior.───她的粗野行為可能會讓你尷尬。

23 、The ***yl ("witch" is such an uncouth label) responded with a supply constriction designed to drive up the price.───女預言家（“女巫”聽上去讓人不太舒服）則用限制供應的方法來應對，意在推升價格。

24 、Philip could not conceal from himself that the other clerks ill-paid and uncouth were more useful.───菲利浦自己不得不承認，別的辦事員雖然收入微薄而且舉止粗俗，可他們卻比自己有用得多。

25 、To a Japanese, spilling anything is uncouth.───對日本人來說, 潑濺任何東西都是不文明的。

26 、She feared that the young boys about would address such remarks to her--boys who, beside Drouet, seemed uncouth and ridiculous.───她害怕這些小伙子也會對她說下流話--除了杜洛埃，小伙子們個個粗魯可笑。

27 、An uncouth, crude, or ill-bred person;a boor.───粗人笨拙的、粗魯?shù)幕驘o教養(yǎng)的人；

28 、Me sits there with his augur's rod of ash, in borrowed sandals, by day beside a livid sea, unbeheld, in violet night walking beneath a reign of uncouth stars.───我坐在那兒，手執(zhí)占卜師的梣木杖，腳登借來的便鞋。白天我呆在鉛色的海洋之濱，沒有人看得見我;到了紫羅蘭色的夜晚，就徜徉在粗獷星宿的統(tǒng)馭下。

29 、He made the most uncouth and clumsy gestures of delight───他做出的表示快樂的動作也是極笨拙、極難看的。

30 、rustic; uncouth; countrified───土里土氣

31 、To a Japanese spilling anything is uncouth .───對日本人來說潑濺任何東西都是不文明的。

32 、He returned his gaze to the uncouth Pockmarked Li, with his glaring eyes and his tightly-clenched fists, the undisguised and distinctive badges of his kind, indicating that he was ready to fight for whoever would pay him.───他又轉眼去看李麻子。 這粗魯?shù)穆樽邮菆A睜著一雙眼睛，捏緊著兩個拳頭，露骨地表示出他那一伙的特性：誰雇用他，就替誰出力。

33 、4. As he crept along with his eyes on the ground, the man gave utterance at intervals to uncouth, inarticulate sounds.───他兩眼盯著地面一步步移動著，不時發(fā)出粗里粗氣的哼聲。

34 、Mr Samak, abrasive and uncouth, may prove an even more divisive prime minister than Mr Thaksin.───沙馬先生的生硬粗暴和他的笨拙粗魯也許會證明，他擔任總理會帶來比他信先生更大的分裂。

35 、stupid and uncouth; unenlightened───土頭土腦

36 、I admit the Mayor is somewhat uncouth in his manner, but he's a king to his predecessor.───我承認市長的舉止有點不夠文雅，但卻要比他的前任好得多。

37 、” Generalizations included the image of a man who is aspiring, frugal, and smart but uncouth.───一些人在個人衛(wèi)生、尊重女性、自信方面顯得不足。

38 、People turned to look after him, so uncouth was his shambling figure.───“有什么用呢? "他想，"我已經(jīng)全完了。 我要擺脫這一切了。

39 、Portuguese arquebusiers are noted for their uncouth and uncompromising attitude, and are quite happy to follow up a volley with their swords.───葡萄牙火**兵射擊動作極為笨拙，因此多半會在齊射后揮劍殺入敵陣，重溫近身肉搏的無比爽利。

40 、a crude uncouth ill-bred person lacking culture or refinement───粗魯粗俗教養(yǎng)不好缺乏文明和文雅的人

41 、I mean, if you're gonna push to be uncouth, you know.─── 如果你非要逼我說出來的話

42 、Each humble tavern by the waterside had its group of uncouth figures round the hearth,───海濱的每一家簡陋的小旅舍也都各自有它們的粗野的顧客在爐火周圍

43 、A man considered uncouth or mean; a boor.───被認為粗魯?shù)幕虮氨傻娜? 舉止粗魯?shù)娜?/p>

44 、A man considered uncouth or mean;a boor.───被認為粗魯?shù)幕虮氨傻娜?；舉止粗魯?shù)娜?/p>

45 、Hmmpff. A rude remark. I shouldn't have expected more, from an uncouth person such as you.───呵呵，多粗魯?shù)难哉Z。不過，我從你這樣粗俗的家伙身上本來也不該期待什么。

46 、He was nicknamed the Arrogant One, and despite his cruel and uncouth ways, actually fancied himself as a lady's man.───他被人稱為“自大狂”。盡管手段野蠻殘忍，但他其實自詡為“師奶殺手”。

47 、The curiosity-dealer, who plainly had not expected his uncouth visitor, seemed disconcerted and embarrassed.───古玩商人顯然沒有料到這位粗野客人的來訪，因此他顯得很張皇很不自然。

48 、2.A man considered uncouth or mean;a boor.───被認為粗魯?shù)幕虮氨傻娜耍?/p>

49 、This clown girl uncultured;uncouth, an unwise clown with extremely low quality.───這個小丑女孩是無教養(yǎng)，沒有文化，素質(zhì)極低的愚蠢小丑。

50 、He's boorish, and uncouth, and I just might do him on the plane.─── 他很粗野 又呆笨 我可能在飛機上就要跟他打一炮

51 、Many understand well that one can't be too courteous but still choose to remain uncouth just because they find it hard to display courtesy.───即使知道禮多人不怪，有些人卻礙于不知道該以什么方式來“示禮”而情愿無禮。

52 、"Yucun bowed with profuse thanks and asked: "May I know your respected brother-in-law's position? I fear I am too uncouth to intrude on him."───"雨村一面打恭,謝不釋口,一面又問:""不知令親大人現(xiàn)居何職?只怕晚生草率,不敢驟然入都干瀆."

53 、The pathway among the woods seemed wilder, more uncouth with its rude natural obstacles, and less trodden by the foot of man, than he remembered it on his outward journey.───那林間小路在他看來，比他記憶中來時的途徑，似是更加蠻荒，由于天然的高低不平而更加坎坷，而且更少有人跡了。

54 、My son's family has all taken ill. He deserves it, for marrying that uncouth merchant girl!───我兒子的家人都病了。那是他應得的懲罰,誰讓他娶了那樣一個專橫跋扈的女子為妻!

55 、Lacking the graces and refinement of civilized life; uncouth.───粗暴的,粗野的:缺少文明生活的文雅和教養(yǎng)的;不雅的。

56 、Above her the thunder roared, and before her the uncouth guardian of the cremation ground demanded his fee.───她頭上的雷聲在怒號，粗俗的火葬場守衛(wèi)者就在她面前，正向她要酬金。

57 、inelegance by virtue of being an uncouth boor.───象農(nóng)民式的粗魯行為。

58 、used of persons and their behavior; not refined; uncouth.───用來指人和他們的行為；不文雅的；粗俗的；。

59 、And the curiosity-dealer, who plainly had not expected his uncouth visitor, seemed disconcerted and embarrassed───古玩商人沒有料到這位丑陋客人的來訪，因此他顯得很慌張很不自然。

60 、You must have thought me uncouth to be in my parlor, arguin' with a man.─── 你一定覺得我太粗魯了 站在客廳里 跟男人吵架

61 、an uncouth young man───一個無教養(yǎng)的年輕人

62 、an untutored and uncouth human being;───一個沒教養(yǎng)的粗俗的人；

63 、So I respect the noble love of the wise people, and thank the uncouth lash of the foolish people.───所以，我欣賞智者高貴的關愛，也感謝愚者粗俗的鞭策。

64 、"No wonder you didn't show up yesterday.All that time you were discussing poetry with someone.We're uncouth, just not worthy of your acquaintance───怪不得昨天不賞面子了，原來跟人談詩去了，我們是俗物呀！根本就不配認識你。

65 、He behaves in a most uncouth way.───他的舉止真是笨拙。

66 、35.The loch lay as still as a lake, only the gulls were crying round the sides of it, and the whole place seemed solemn and uncouth.───海灣 水波不興，宛如一個湖泊，只有一些海鷗在海邊上空旋轉，啼叫，整個地區(qū)是一片肅靜、荒涼。

67 、The sibyl(" witch" is such an uncouth label) responded with a supply constriction designed to drive up the price.───女預言家（女巫”聽上去讓人不太舒服）用限制供應的方法來應對，意在推升價格。

68 、uncouth behavior───舉止粗俗

69 、It would be a fearful thing to fall into the hands of these hard, uncouth men without legal papers .───沒有合法的證件，萬一落入那些狼心狗肺的家伙手里，那將是件非常可怕的事情。

70 、The uncouth and brutish Koong was the governor of Tawntoom province on the Outer Rim world of Roon.───粗暴無禮的孔是外環(huán)領土魯恩星球唐吞省的總督。

71 、cancelling on your gal pals or boy buddies for a member of the opposite sexis still uncouth.───如果約好和女伴兒或者哥們兒與一位異性見面，最后卻取消約會仍然算是不合禮貌的。

72 、Because when it works, when we take an uncouth hockey player and turn him into a cultured book lover who helps the community, you are going to get the credit for that.─── 因為一旦成功 我們可以把一個粗魯?shù)谋蜻\動員 培養(yǎng)成一個有教養(yǎng)的書迷 一個可以幫助社團的書迷 你會因此名聲在外

73 、uncouth laughter───粗野的笑聲

74 、His nephew is an uncouth young man.───他的侄子是一個粗野的年輕人。

75 、From a distance he looks uncouth.───遠看這人其貌不揚。

76 、Others see us as overly materialistic, somewhat uncouth and lacking in social graces.───也有一些人覺得我們太過注重物質(zhì)生活，粗魯和缺乏社交禮儀。

77 、An uncouth,crude,or ill - bred person;a boor.───他是個自私、沒教養(yǎng)的家伙，對人一點也不尊重。

78 、He remained heavy and somewhat uncouth.───他依舊郁郁寡歡，并且有點粗野。

79 、uncultured; uncouth───缺乏教養(yǎng)

80 、I admit the Mayor is somewhat uncouth in his manner,but he's a king to his predecessor.───我承認，市長的舉止有點不夠文雅，但卻要比他的前任好得多。

81 、An uncouth, crude, or ill - bred person;a boor.───粗人笨拙的、粗魯?shù)幕驘o教養(yǎng)的人；舉止粗魯?shù)娜?/p>

82 、She was too absorbed in striving to reconcile the stumbling, uncouth speech and its simplicity of thought with what she saw in his face.───她一心只想把他這結巴笨拙的話語所表示的質(zhì)樸甲純的意思跟她在他臉上看到的東西統(tǒng)一起來。

83 、He spoke with contempt about the Chinese, who he clearly saw as backward, uncouth hicks.───他以輕蔑羞辱的語氣談論中國人，而且很認真地將他們視為落后粗魯?shù)泥l(xiāng)巴佬。

84 、The loch lay as still as a lake, only the gulls were crying round the sides of it, and the whole place seemed solemn and uncouth───海灣水波不興，宛如一個湖泊，只有一些海鷗在海邊上空旋轉，啼叫，整個地區(qū)是一片肅靜、荒涼。

85 、He fell in with the uncouth Marauders, criminals and pariahs even among their own kind.───他與野蠻的劫掠者們同流合污，他們都是這個種族中最兇殘的罪犯和社會渣滓。

86 、The life that was to make his soul would mar his body. He would become dreadful, hideous, and uncouth.───原應該成為他心靈的生命將會毀傷自己的形體。他會變得怕人、丑陋和粗笨。

自由女神像的起源，來歷等故事，英文如何翻譯的

Statue of Liberty

Liberty Enlightening the World (La liberté éclairant le monde), known more commonly as the Statue of Liberty, is a statue given to the United States by France in 1885, standing at Liberty Island in the mouth of the Hudson River in New York Harbor as a welcome to all visitors, immigrants, and returning Americans. The copper statue, dedicated on October 28, 1886, commemorates the centennial of the United States and is a gesture of friendship between the two nations. The sculptor was Frederic Auguste Bartholdi. Alexandre Gustave Eiffel, the designer of the Eiffel Tower, engineered the internal structure. Eugène Viollet-le-Duc was responsible for the choice of copper in the statue's construction and adoption of the Repoussé technique.

The statue depicts a woman, standing upright, dressed in a flowing robe and a spiked crown, holding a stone tablet close to her body in her left hand and a flaming torch high in her right hand. The statue is made of verdigris copper with the exception of the flame of the torch, which is coated in gold leaf. It stands atop a rectangular stonework pedestal, itself on an irregular eleven-pointed star foundation. The statue is 151 feet, 1 inch tall, with the foundation adding another 154 feet. The tablet contains the text "July IV MDCCLXXVI", commemorating the date of the United States Declaration of Independence. The interior of the pedestal contains a bronze plaque inscribed with the poem The New Colossus by Emma Lazarus.

The Statue of Liberty is one of the most recognizable icons of the U.S. worldwide,[1] and, in a more general sense, represents liberty and escape from oppression. The Statue of Liberty was, from 1886 until the Jet age, often the first glimpse of the United States for millions of immigrants after ocean voyages from Europe. In terms of visual impact, the Statue of Liberty appears to draw inspiration from il Sancarlone or the Colossus of Rhodes.

History

Discussions in France over a suitable gift to the United States to mark the Centennial of the American Declaration of Independence were headed by the politician and sympathetic writer of the history of the United States, Édouard René Lefèvre de Laboulaye. French sculptor Frederic Auguste Bartholdi was commissioned to design a sculpture with the year 1876 in mind for completion. The idea for the commemorative gift then grew out of the political turmoil which was shaking France at the time. The French Third Republic was still considered as a "temporary" arrangement by many, who wished a return to Monarchism, or to some form of constitutional authoritarianism which they had known under Napoleon. The idea of giving a colossal representation of republican virtues to a "sister" republic across the sea served as a focus for the republican cause against other politicians.

Various sources cite different models for the face of the statue. One indicated the then-recently widowed Isabella Eugenie Boyer, the wife of Isaac Singer, the sewing-machine industrialist. "She was rid of the uncouth presence of her husband, who had left her with only his most socially desirable attributes: his fortune and... his children. She was, from the beginning of her career in Paris, a well-known figure. As the good-looking French widow of an American industrialist she was called upon to be Bartholdi's model for the Statue of Liberty." [2] Another source believed that the "stern face" belonged to Bartholdi's mother, Charlotte Bartholdi (1801-1891), with whom he was very close. [3] National Geographic magazine also pointed to his mother, noting that Bartholdi never denied nor explained the resemblance. [4] The first model, on a small scale, was built in 1870. This first statue is now in the Jardin du Luxembourg in Paris.

While in a visit to Egypt that was to shift his artistic perspective from simply grand to colossal, Bartholdi was inspired by the project of Suez Canal which was being undertaken by Count Ferdinand de Lesseps who later became a life-long friend to him. He envisioned a giant lighthouse standing at the entrance to Suez Canal and drew plans for it. It would be patterned after the Roman goddess Libertas, modified to resemble a robed Egyptian peasant, a fallaha, with light beaming out from both a headband and a torch thrust dramatically upward into the skies. Bartholdi presented his plans to the Egyptian Khediev, Isma'il Pasha, in 1867 and, with revisions, again in 1869, but the project was never commissioned.[5], [6]

It was agreed upon that in a joint effort the American people were to build the base, and the French people were responsible for the Statue and its assembly in the United States. However, lack of funds was a problem on both sides of the Atlantic. In France, public fees, various forms of entertainment, and a lottery were among the methods used to raise the 2,250,000 francs. In the United States, benefit theatrical events, art exhibitions, auctions and prize fights assisted in providing needed funds. Meanwhile in France, Bartholdi required the assistance of an engineer to address structural issues associated with designing such a colossal copper sculpture. Gustave Eiffel (designer of the Eiffel Tower) was commissioned to design the massive iron pylon and secondary skeletal framework which allows the Statue's copper skin to move independently yet stand upright. Eiffel delegated the detailed work to his trusted structural engineer, Maurice Koechlin.

On June 30, 1878, at the Paris Exposition, the completed head of the statue was showcased in the garden of the Trocadéro palace, while other pieces were on display in the Champs de Mars.

Back in America, the site, authorized in New York Harbor by Act of Congress, 1877, was selected by General William Tecumseh Sherman, who settled on Bartholdi's own choice, then known as Bedloe's Island, where there was already an early 19th century star-shaped fortification.

Bartholdi's design patentOn February 18, 1879, Bartholdi was granted a design patent, U.S. Patent D11023, on "a statue representing Liberty enlightening the world, the same consisting, essentially, of the draped female figure, with one arm upraised, bearing a torch, and while the other holds an inscribed tablet, and having upon the head a diadem, substantially as set forth." The patent described the head as having "classical, yet severe and calm, features," noted that the body is "thrown slightly over to the left so as to gravitate upon the left leg, the whole figure thus being in equilibrium," and covered representations in "any manner known to the glyptic art in the form of a statue or statuette, or in alto-relievo or bass-relief, in metal, stone, terra-cotta, plaster-of-paris, or other plastic composition."[7]

Fundraising for the pedestal, led by William M. Evarts, was going slowly, so Joseph Pulitzer (who established the Pulitzer Prize) opened up the editorial pages of his newspaper, The World, to support the fund raising effort. Pulitzer used his newspaper to criticize both the rich, who had failed to finance the pedestal construction, and the middle class who were content to rely upon the wealthy to provide the funds[citation needed]. Pulitzer's campaign of harsh criticism was successful in motivating the people of America to donate. (It also promoted his newspaper, which purportedly added ~50,000 subscribers in the course of the statue campaign effort.)

Financing for the pedestal, designed by American architect Richard Morris Hunt, was completed in August 1884. The cornerstone was laid on August 5, and pedestal construction was finished on April 22, 1886. When the last stone of the pedestal was swung into place the masons reached into their pockets and showered into the mortar a collection of silver coins.

Built into the pedestal's massive masonry are two sets of four iron girders, connected by iron tie beams that are carried up to become part of Eiffel's framework for the statue itself. Thus Liberty is integral with her pedestal.

The Statue was completed in France in July, 1884 and arrived in New York Harbor on June 17, 1885 on board the French frigate Isere. To prepare for transit, the Statue was reduced to 350 individual pieces and packed in 214 crates. (The right arm and the torch, which were completed earlier, had been exhibited at the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1876, and thereafter at Madison Square in New York City.) The Statue was re-assembled on her new pedestal in four months' time. On October 28, 1886, the Statue of Liberty was dedicated by President Grover Cleveland in front of thousands of spectators. (Ironically, it was Cleveland who, as Governor of the State of New York, had earlier vetoed a bill by the New York legislature to contribute $50,000 to the building of the pedestal.) [8] In any event, she was a centennial gift ten years belated.

The Statue of Liberty was a real lighthouse from 1886 to 1902 ([2] [3]). At that time the US Lighthouse board was responsible for its operation. In fact there was a lighthouse keeper and the electric light could be seen for 24 miles (39 km) at sea. There was an electric plant on the island to generate power for the light.

In 1916, the Black Tom Explosion caused $100,000 worth of damage to the statue, embedding shrapnel and eventually leading to the closing of the torch to visitors. The same year, Gutzon Borglum, sculptor of Mount Rushmore, modified the original copper torch by cutting away most of the copper in the flame, retrofitting glass panes and installing an internal light[citation needed]. After these modifications, the torch severely leaked rainwater and snowmelt, accelerating corrosion inside the statue. President Franklin D. Roosevelt rededicated the Statue of Liberty on its 50th anniversary (October 28, 1936).

As with all historic areas administered by the National Park Service, Statue of Liberty National Monument, along with Ellis Island and Liberty Island, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 15, 1966[citation needed].

In 1984, the Statue of Liberty was added to the World Heritage List. [9]

[edit] Origin of the copper

Historical records make no mention of the source of the copper used in the Statue of Liberty. In the village of Visnes in the municipality of Karmøy, Norway, tradition holds that the copper came from the French-owned Visnes Mine.[10][11] Ore from this mine, refined in France and Belgium, was a significant source of European copper in the late nineteenth century. In 1985, Bell Laboratories used emission spectrography to compare samples of copper from the Visnes Mines and from the Statue of Liberty, found the spectrum of impurities to be very similar, and concluded that the evidence argued strongly for a Norwegian origin of the copper.

[edit] Liberty Centennial

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The Statue of Liberty was one of the earliest beneficiaries of a cause marketing campaign. A 1983 promotion advertised that for each purchase made with an American Express card, American Express would contribute one penny to the renovation of the statue. The campaign generated contributions of $1.7 million to the Statute of Liberty restoration project. In 1984, the statue was closed so that a $62 million renovation could be performed for the statue's centennial. Chrysler chairman Lee Iacocca was appointed by President Reagan to head the commission overseeing the task (but was later dismissed "to avoid any question of conflict" of interest).[12] Workers erected scaffolding around the statue, obscuring it from public view until the rededication on July 4, 1986. Inside work began with workers using liquid nitrogen to remove seven layers of paint applied to the interior of the copper skin over the decades. That left two layers of tar originally applied to plug leaks and prevent corrosion. Blasting with baking soda removed the tar without further damaging the copper. Larger holes in the copper skin had edges smoothed then mated with new copper patches.[citation needed]

Each of the 1,350 shaped iron ribs backing the skin had to be removed and replaced. The iron had experienced galvanic corrosion wherever it contacted the copper skin, losing up to 50% of its thickness. Bartholdi had anticipated the problem and used an asbestos/pitch combination to separate the metals, but the insulation had worn away decades before. New bars of stainless steel bent into matching shapes replaced the iron bars, with Teflon film separating them from the skin for further insulation and friction reduction. Liquid nitrogen was again introduced to parts of the copper skin in a cryogenics process which was treated by a (now defunct) Michigan company called CryoTech[citation needed] to ensure certain individual parts of the statue were strengthened and would last longer after installation.

The internal structure of the upraised right arm was reworked. The statue was erected with the arm offset 18" (0.46 m) to the right and forward of Eiffel's central frame, while the head was offset 24" (0.61 m) to the left, which compromised the framework. Theory held that Bartholdi made the modification without Eiffel's involvement after seeing the arm and head were too close. Engineers considered reinforcements made in 1932 insufficient and added diagonal bracing in 1984 and 1986 to make the arm structurally sound.

[edit] New Torch

Original torch, replaced in 1986.A new torch replaced the original, which was deemed beyond repair because of the extensive 1916 modifications. The 1886 torch is now located in the monument's lobby museum. The new torch has gold plating applied to the exterior of the "flame," which is illuminated by external lamps on the surrounding balcony platform. Upgraded climate control systems and two elevators (one to the top of the pedestal and a small emergency elevator to the crown) were added. The Statue of Liberty was reopened to the public on July 5, 1986.

[edit] After 9/11

Until September 11, 2001, the interior of the statue was open to visitors. They would arrive by ferry and could climb the circular single-file stairs (limited by the available space) inside the metallic statue, exposed to the sun out in the harbor (the interior reaching extreme temperatures, particularly in summer months), and about 30 people at a time could fit up into her crown. This provided a broad view of New York Harbor (she faces the ocean, and France) through 25 windows, the largest approximately 18" (46 cm) in height. The view did not, therefore, include the skyline of New York City, however. The wait outside regularly exceeded 3 hours, excluding the wait for ferries and ferry tickets.

Liberty Island closed on September 11, 2001; the islands reopened in December, and the statue itself reopened on August 3, 2004. Currently, the museum and ten-story pedestal are open for visitation. The interior of the statue remains closed, although a glass ceiling in the pedestal allows for views of Eiffel's iron framework.

Visitors to Liberty Island and the Statue are currently subject to restrictions, including personal searches similar to the security found in airports.

That was not the first time, however, that the Statue of Liberty had been threatened by terrorism. On February 18, 1965, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) announced it had uncovered a plot by three commandos from the Black Liberation Front, who were connected to Cuba, and a female co-conspirator from Montreal seeking independence for Quebec from Canada, who were sent to destroy the statue and at least two other national shrines - the Liberty Bell in Philadelphia and the Washington Monument in Washington, D.C.

In June 2006, a bill, S. 3597, was proposed in Congress which, if approved, could re-open the crown and interior of the Statue of Liberty to visitors. Approval or disapproval of this bill will probably occur in early- to mid-2007.[13]

On August 9, 2006 National Park Service Director Fran Mainella, in a letter to Congressman Anthony Weiner of New York stated that the crown and interior of the statue would remain closed indefinitely. The letter stated that "the current access patterns reflect a responsible management strategy in the best interests of all our visitors.".[14]

[edit] Jumps

At 2:45 p.m. on February 2, 1912, steeplejack Frederick R. Law successfully performed a parachute jump from the observation platform surrounding the torch. It was done with the permission of the army captain administering the island. The New York Times reported that he "fell fully seventy-five feet [23 m] like a dead weight, the parachute showing no inclination whatsoever to open at first", but he then descended "gracefully", landed hard, and limped away.[15]

The first and so far only death on Liberty Island occurred on May 13, 1929. The Times reported a witness as saying the man, later identified as Ralph Gleason, crawled out through one of the windows of the crown, turned around as if to return, "seemed to slip" and "shot downward, bouncing off the breasts of the statue in the plunge." The body landed on a patch of grass at the base, just a few feet from a workman who was mowing the grass.[16]

自由女神像

自由女神像（Statue of Liberty），又稱“自由照耀世界”（英語：Liberty Enlightening the World，法語：Liberté éclairant le monde），是法國在1876年贈送給美國的獨立100周年禮物，位於美國紐約市哈德遜河口附近。雕像所在的自由島是觀光重點。

法國著名雕塑家巴托爾迪歷時10年艱辛完成了雕像的雕塑工作，女神的外貌設計來源于雕塑家的母親，而女神高舉火炬的右手則是以雕塑家妻子的手臂為藍本。

自由女神穿著古希臘風格的服裝，所戴頭冠有象征世界七大洲及七大洋的七道尖芒。女神右手高舉象征自由的火炬，左手捧著刻有1776年7月4日的《獨立宣言》，腳下是打碎的手銬、腳鐐和鎖鏈。她象征著自由、掙脫暴政的約束，在1886年10月28日落成并揭幕。雕像鍛鐵的內(nèi)部結構是由后來建造了巴黎埃菲爾鐵塔的居斯塔夫·埃菲爾設計的。

自由女神像高46米，加基座為93米，重200多噸，是金屬鑄造，置于一座混凝土制的臺基上。自由女神的底座是著名的約瑟夫·普利策籌集10萬美金建成的，現(xiàn)在的底座是一個美國移民史博物館。

1984年，自由女神像被列為世界文化遺產(chǎn)。

數(shù)據(jù)

搭建安裝雕像所用時間 3個半月

手的長度 5.5米

雕像的厚度 8米

雕像頭部可容納的人 40人數(shù)

雕像總重 (80噸銅 + 120噸鋼) 200噸

銅板的厚度 2.37毫米

從法國搬運到美國時所用的集裝箱數(shù) 210個

建造支出 343 000歐元

開工日期 1866年7月12日

跪求40~50個帶有un的英文形容詞

unhappy

unhelpful

unattended

unavoidable

unaware

unbearable

unbecoming

unbelievable

unbiased

unbounded

unbroken

uncanny

unceasing

uncertain

unchain

uncharged

unclean

uncomfortable

uncommon

unconcerned

unconditional

unconscious

uncouth

undecided

unesay

underfed

underhanded

undesirable

undisputed

undying

unemplyed

unending

unfriendly

unequal

unexpected

unfailing

unfair

unfamiliar

unfavorable

unfeeling

unfinished

unfit

ungainly