1、lectured

lectured發(fā)音

英：[?lekt??rd]　　美：[?lekt??d]

英：　　美：

lectured中文意思翻譯

常用釋義：演講

v.演講；授課（lecture的過去式）

lectured常用詞組：

lecture on───有關(guān)…的演講；訓(xùn)斥；告誡

lecture note───講義，上課筆記

lecture hall───講堂，大講堂；演講廳；大教室，階梯教室

lectured雙語使用場景

1、In the following week, on a conference of the company, the general manager lectured zhang chong without any mercy for the first time.───一個(gè)星期后，在一次公司大會上，總經(jīng)理第一次把張沖不留情面地訓(xùn)了一頓。

2、"At a time like this, who could care about a biography? " Annabel lectured.───這是候誰還會在乎一片傳記作文啊。

3、I just stand or sit there, listening like some kid being lectured to by an adult.───我只是站著或坐在那里聽，像孩子被大人教訓(xùn)一樣。

4、My dad was a man of few words, and never lectured me on the values of determination, perseverance, and faith.───我的爸爸是一個(gè)沉默寡言的人，從來沒有給我講過決心？堅(jiān)定不移和信念之類的價(jià)值觀。

5、When people sit down in front of the television at the end of the day, they aren't looking to be lectured at.───當(dāng)每天晚上人們坐在電視機(jī)前的時(shí)候，他們并不是要聽人們對他們作報(bào)告。

6、Others lectured from cards that had served for years, to judge by the worn edges.───另一些人則通過已經(jīng)使用多年的卡片來講，通過磨損的邊緣來判斷。

7、The President is the direct representative of the American people," he lectured the Senate when it opposed him.───總統(tǒng)是美國人民的直接代表?！碑?dāng)參議院反對他時(shí)，他教訓(xùn)道。

8、And that divide does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago.───當(dāng)今這種分化確實(shí)存在，我和妻子20年前就曾談到這一迫近的危險(xiǎn)。

9、The long years of being lectured about their inadequacies by the Anglo-Saxons were over.───被盎格魯撒克遜人訓(xùn)斥得一無是處的漫長歲月終于一去不復(fù)返了。

lectured相似詞語短語

1、recured───日期/時(shí)間

2、lecturer───n.講師，演講者

3、lectures───n.演講，講演（lecture復(fù)數(shù)形式）；v.向…講演；訓(xùn)斥（lecture的第三人稱單數(shù)）

4、leisured───adj.從容的；有閑的

5、featured───adj.特定的；被作為特色的；有…的面貌特征的；v.使…有特色；起重要作用（feature的過去分詞）

6、lecture───n.演講；講稿；教訓(xùn)；vt.演講；訓(xùn)誡；vi.講課；講演

7、pictured───畫

8、lecturers───n.講師；演講者（lecturer的復(fù)數(shù)）

9、gestured───n.姿態(tài)；手勢；vi.作手勢；用動作示意；vt.用動作表示

2、托福閱讀模擬試題美國總統(tǒng)制度

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這篇托福閱讀模擬試題的主要內(nèi)容是美國總統(tǒng)制度的發(fā)展，該話題也是熱門話題，很值得大家去了解。

美國現(xiàn)在總統(tǒng)制度的發(fā)展經(jīng)歷了一個(gè)從無到有的時(shí)期，也經(jīng)歷了很坎坷和漫長的時(shí)期。

The development of the modern presidency in the United States began with Andrew Jackson who swept to power in 1829 at the head of the Democratic Party and served until 1837. During his administration, he immeasurably enlarged the power of the presidency. "The President is the direct representative of the American people," he lectured the Senate when it opposed him. "He was elected by the people, and is responsible to them." With this declaration, Jackson redefined the character of the presidential office and its relationship to the people.

During Jackson's second term, his opponents had gradually come together to form the Whig party. Whigs and Democrats held different attitudes toward the changes brought about by the market, banks, and commerce. The Democrats tended to view society as a continuing conflict between "the people”-farmers, planters, and workers-and a set of greedy aristocrats. This "paper money aristocracy" of bankers and investors manipulated the banking system for their own profit, Democrats claimed, and sapped the nation's virtue by encouraging speculation and the desire for sudden, unearned wealth. The Democrats wanted the rewards of the market without sacrificing the features of a simple agrarian republic. They wanted the wealth that the market offered without the competitive, changing society; the complex dealing; the dominance of urban centers; and the loss of independence that came with it.

Whigs, on the other hand, were more comfortable with the market. For them, commerce and economic development were agents of civilization. Nor did the Whigs envision any conflict in society between farmers and workers on the one hand and businesspeople and bankers on the other. Economic growth would benefit everyone by raising national income and expanding opportunity. The government's responsibility was to provide a well-regulated economy that guaranteed opportunity for citizens of ability.

Whigs and Democrats differed not only in their attitudes toward the market but also about how active the central government should be in people's lives. Despite Andrew Jackson's inclination to be a strong President, Democrats as a rule believed in limited government. Government's role in the economy was to promote competition by destroying monopolies' and special privileges. In keeping with this philosophy of limited government, Democrats also rejected the idea that moral beliefs were the proper sphere of government action. Religion and politics, they believed, should be kept clearly separate, and they generally opposed humanitarian legislation.

The Whigs, in contrast, viewed government power positively. They believed that it should be used to protect individual rights and public liberty, and that it had a special role where individual effort was ineffective. By regulating the economy and competition, the government could ensure equal opportunity. Indeed, for Whigs the concept of government promoting the general welfare went beyond the economy. In particular, Whigs in the northern sections of the United States also believed that government power should be used to foster the moral welfare of the country. They were much more likely to favor social-reform legislation and aid to education.

In some ways the social makeup of the two parties was similar. To be competitive in winning votes, Whigs and Democrats both had to have significant support among farmers, the largest group in society, and workers. Neither party could win an election by appealing exclusively to the rich or the poor. The Whigs, however, enjoyed disproportionate strength among the business and commercial classes. Whigs appealed to planters who needed credit to finance their cotton and rice trade in the world market, to farmers who were eager to sell their surpluses, and to workers who wished to improve themselves. Democrats attracted farmers isolated from the market or uncomfortable with it, workers alienated from the emerging industrial system, and rising entrepreneurs who wanted to break monopolies and open the economy to newcomers like themselves. The Whigs were strongest in the towns, cities, and those rural areas that were fully integrated into the market economy, whereas Democrats dominated areas of semisubsistence farming that were more isolated and languishing economically.

Paragraph 1: The development of the modern presidency in the United States began with Andrew Jackson who swept to power in 1829 at the head of the Democratic Party and served until 1837. During his administration, he immeasurably enlarged the power of the presidency. "The President is the direct representative of the American people," he lectured the Senate when it opposed him. "He was elected by the people, and is responsible to them." With this declaration, Jackson redefined the character of the presidential office and its relationship to the people.

1. The word immeasurably in the passage is closest in meaning to

○Frequently ○Greatly ○Rapidly ○Reportedly

2. According to paragraph 1, the presidency of Andrew Jackson was especially significant for which of the following reasons?

○The President granted a portion of his power to the Senate.

○The President began to address the Senate on a regular basis.

○It was the beginning of the modern presidency in the United States.

○It was the first time that the Senate had been known to oppose the President.

Paragraph 2: During Jackson's second term, his opponents had gradually come together to form the Whig party. Whigs and Democrats held different attitudes toward the changes brought about by the market, banks, and commerce. The Democrats tended to view society as a continuing conflict between "the people”-farmers, planters, and workers-and a set of greedy aristocrats. This "paper money aristocracy" of bankers and investors manipulated the banking system for their own profit, Democrats claimed, and sapped the nation's virtue by encouraging speculation and the desire for sudden, unearned wealth. The Democrats wanted the rewards of the market without sacrificing the features of a simple agrarian republic. They wanted the wealth that the market offered without the competitive, changing society; the complex dealing; the dominance of urban centers; and the loss of independence that came with it.

3. The author mentions bankers and investors in the passage as an example of which of the following?

○The Democratic Party's main source of support

○The people that Democrats claimed were unfairly becoming rich

○The people most interested in a return to a simple agrarian republic

○One of the groups in favor of Andrew Jackson's presidency

Paragraph 3: Whigs, on the other hand, were more comfortable with the market. For them, commerce and economic development were agents of civilization. Nor did the Whigs envision any conflict in society between farmers and workers on the one hand and businesspeople and bankers on the other. Economic growth would benefit everyone by raising national income and expanding opportunity. The government's responsibility was to provide a well-regulated economy that guaranteed opportunity for citizens of ability.

4. According to paragraph 3, Whigs believed that commerce and economic development would have which of the following effects on society?

○They would promote the advancement of society as a whole.

○They would cause disagreements between Whigs and Democrats

○They would supply new positions for Whig Party members.

○They would prevent conflict between farmers and workers.

5. According to paragraph 3, which of the following describes the Whig Party's view of the role of government?

○To regulate the continuing conflict between farmers and businesspeople

○To restrict the changes brought about by the market

○To maintain an economy that allowed all capable citizens to benefit

○To reduce the emphasis on economic development

Paragraph 4: Whigs and Democrats differed not only in their attitudes toward the market but also about how active the central government should be in people's lives. Despite Andrew Jackson's inclination to be a strong President, Democrats as a rule believed in limited government. Government's role in the economy was to promote competition by destroying monopolies' and special privileges. In keeping with this philosophy of limited government, Democrats also rejected the idea that moral beliefs were the proper sphere of government action. Religion and politics, they believed, should be kept clearly separate, and they generally opposed humanitarian legislation.

6. The word inclination in the passage is closest in meaning to

○Argument ○Tendency ○Example ○Warning

7. According to paragraph 4, a Democrat would be most likely to support government action in which of the following areas?

○Creating a state religion ○Supporting humanitarian legislation ○Destroying monopolies ○Recommending particular moral beliefs

Paragraph 5: The Whigs, in contrast, viewed government power positively. They believed that it should be used to protect individual rights and public liberty, and that it had a special role where individual effort was ineffective. By regulating the economy and competition, the government could ensure equal opportunity. Indeed, for Whigs the concept of government promoting the general welfare went beyond the economy. In particular, Whigs in the northern sections of the United States also believed that government power should be used to foster the moral welfare of the country. They were much more likely to favor social-reform legislation and aid to education.

8. The word concept in the passage is closest in meaning to

○Power ○Reality ○Difficulty ○Idea

9. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 5 about variations in political beliefs within the Whig Party?

○They were focused on issues of public liberty.

○They caused some members to leave the Whig party.

○They were unimportant to most Whigs.

○They reflected regional interests.

Paragraph 6: In some ways the social makeup of the two parties was similar. To be competitive in winning votes, Whigs and Democrats both had to have significant support among farmers, the largest group in society, and workers. Neither party could win an election by appealing exclusively to the rich or the poor. The Whigs, however, enjoyed disproportionate strength among the business and commercial classes. Whigs appealed to planters who needed credit to finance their cotton and rice trade in the world market, to farmers who were eager to sell their surpluses, and to workers who wished to improve themselves. Democrats attracted farmers isolated from the market or uncomfortable with it, workers alienated from the emerging industrial system, and rising entrepreneurs who wanted to break monopolies and open the economy to newcomers like themselves. The Whigs were strongest in the towns, cities, and those rural areas that were fully integrated into the market economy, whereas Democrats dominated areas of semisubsistence farming that were more isolated and languishing economically.

10. According to paragraph 6, the Democrats were supported by all of the following groups EXCEPT

○workers unhappy with the new industrial system

○planters involved in international trade

○rising entrepreneurs

○individuals seeking to open the economy to newcomers

11. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?

Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

○Whigs were able to attract support only in the wealthiest parts of the economy because Democrats dominated in other areas.

○Whig and Democratic areas of influence were naturally split between urban and rural areas, respectively.

○The semisubsistence farming areas dominated by Democrats became increasingly isolated by the Whigs' control of the market economy.

○The Democrats' power was greatest in poorer areas while the Whigs were strongest in those areas where the market was already fully operating.

Paragraph 2: During Jackson's second term, his opponents had gradually come together to form the Whig party. █Whigs and Democrats held different attitudes toward the changes brought about by the market, banks, and commerce. █The Democrats tended to view society as a continuing conflict between "the people”-farmers, planters, and workers-and a set of greedy aristocrats. █This "paper money aristocracy" of bankers and investors manipulated the banking system for their own profit, Democrats claimed, and sapped the nation's virtue by encouraging speculation and the desire for sudden, unearned wealth. █The Democrats wanted the rewards of the market without sacrificing the features of a simple agrarian republic. They wanted the wealth that the market offered without the competitive, changing society; the complex dealing; the dominance of urban centers; and the loss of independence that came with it.

12. Look at the four squares II that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage.

This new party argued against the policies of Jackson and his party in a number of important areas, beginning with the economy.

Where would the sentence best fit?

13. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some answer choices do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.

The political system of the United States in the mid-nineteenth century was strongly influenced by the social and economic circumstances of the time.

Answer Choices

1. The Democratic and Whig Parties developed in response to the needs of competing economic and political constituencies.

2. During Andrew Jackson's two terms as President, he served as leader of both the Democratic and Whig Parties.

3. The Democratic Party primarily represented the interests of the market, banks, and commerce.

4. In contrast to the Democrats, the Whigs favored government aid for education.

5. A fundamental difference between Whigs and Democrats involved the importance of the market in society.

6. The role of government in the lives of the people was an important political distinction between the two parties.

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