?inoculated

inoculated 發(fā)音

英：[??nɑ?kjule?t?d]　　美：[?n?ɑkj??let?d]

英：　　美：

inoculated 中文意思翻譯

inoculated 短語(yǔ)詞組

1、inoculated cast iron ─── [機(jī)] 接種鑄鐵

2、inoculated medium ─── 接種培養(yǎng)基

3、inoculated malaria ─── 接種瘧

inoculated 常用詞組

inoculate with ─── v. 灌輸

inoculated 詞性/詞形變化，inoculated變形

動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式: inoculated |動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞: inoculated |名詞: inoculator |動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù): inoculates |形容詞: inoculative |動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞: inoculating |

inoculated 相似詞語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)

1、reinoculated ─── 再注射

2、inoculates ─── vt.[醫(yī)]接種；嫁接；灌輸

3、insulated ─── v.（使）隔熱（或隔音、絕緣）；（使）免受不良影響；（使）陸地成島嶼（insulate的過(guò)去式及過(guò)去分詞）；adj.有隔熱（或隔音、絕緣）保護(hù)的

4、uninoculated ─── adj.未經(jīng)孕育的；未經(jīng)變質(zhì)處理的

5、inoculate ─── vt.[醫(yī)]接種；嫁接；灌輸

6、inoculator ─── n.接種者，接種器；注射器

7、inosculate ─── vt.使連接，使吻合；vi.融合；結(jié)合

8、inosculated ─── vt.使連接，使吻合；vi.融合；結(jié)合

9、inosculates ─── vt.使連接，使吻合；vi.融合；結(jié)合

inoculated 常見(jiàn)例句（雙語(yǔ)使用場(chǎng)景）

1、The crushed grapes are inoculated with pure yeast and fermented dry at 26 - 28?C. ─── 壓碎的葡萄內(nèi)注入純酵母在26-28攝氏度溫度下發(fā)酵到干。。

2、It should aggravate core stain if poplars were inoculated by relative fungus and bacterium in cut. ─── 只要楊樹(shù)枝干上存在損傷，即可引起心材變色，在傷口上接種相關(guān)真菌、細(xì)菌則可使變色加重。

3、When the treated callus inoculated on the selection medium contains 15% PEG, 5.4% of water stress resistant mutants were induced. ─── 處理后的愈傷組織接種到含有 15%聚乙二醇 (PEG)的篩選培養(yǎng)基上 ,獲得對(duì)水分脅迫具有抗性的愈傷組織 ,誘變率為 5 .4%。

4、If he had been inoculated against smallpox, he would not have contracted the disease. ─── 如果他真的種過(guò)牛痘的話,他就不會(huì)得病了。

5、His dogs were inoculated against rabies. ─── 他的狗都注射過(guò)狂犬疫苗。

6、But when the different tissues from the inoculated embryonated chickens were tested, the agent was detected only in the brain of embryonated chickens. ─── 值得注意的是，在接種雞胚的腦部發(fā)現(xiàn)了病原體，而在其身體其他部位（除卵黃囊液和尿囊液外）未發(fā)現(xiàn)病原體。

7、BIOLO plates were inoculated with samples of the MBR and AS mixed liquors. ─── BIOLO板用MBR和AS的混合液污泥樣進(jìn)行接種。

8、The uredinia could sprout after over-winter.The poplars inoculated by overwinter urediniospores could result in diseases. ─── 在病葉上越冬的夏孢子能夠萌發(fā)，用越冬夏孢子接種楊樹(shù)可以導(dǎo)致發(fā)病。

9、Fig. 5. Symptom of stem blight of horse-tail 45 days after inoculated with infested soil of Fusarium oxysporum. Left: uninoculated, right: inoculated. ─── 圖五、鐮孢菌病土接種后一個(gè)半月,臺(tái)灣木賊莖腐病之病徵。左:未接種,右:接種。

10、The Spathiphyllum floribundum cv.Cupid explants were inoculated in MS substratum with BA 0-4.0 mg/L . ─── 將"Cupid"白鶴芋外植體分別接種在含BA 0-4.0 mg/L的MS培養(yǎng)基中。

11、In later work, 11 of 12 pigs inoculated intravenously with 2 strains of the organism developed arthritis. ─── 在以后的研究中，靜脈內(nèi)接種了2株鏈球菌的12頭豬，其中11頭發(fā)生了關(guān)節(jié)炎。

12、In the laboratory, the 3rd and the 4th instars of the larva were inoculated with an entomogenous fungus, Paecilomyces javanicus which gave 65% and 60% pathogenicty respectively. ─── 又于室內(nèi)以蟲(chóng)生真菌作接種試驗(yàn)，獲知爪哇擬青霉菌對(duì)其第3齡與第4齡幼蟲(chóng)之感病率分別為65%及60%。

13、In this heating step the hydrolytic enzymes are inactivated and the wort can be pitched inoculated with the desired yeast. ─── 在加熱過(guò)程中,水解酶喪失了活性,而且我們可以接種酵母進(jìn)行麥芽汁的分批發(fā)酵。

14、Suspensions of field samples suspected to contain FMD virus should be clarified and inoculated into cell cultures or unweaned mice. ─── 將可疑含F(xiàn)MD病毒的田間樣品酊懸浮液經(jīng)澄清后接種于細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)物或未斷奶乳鼠。

15、In essence it was a global agar plate waiting to be inoculated. ─── 實(shí)際上，地球是一個(gè)等待接種的球形培養(yǎng)基。

16、Cytopathic effect (CPE)was found in three nasal swab specimens inoculated in Vero cells. ─── 3例接種Vero細(xì)胞孔的鼻拭子標(biāo)本發(fā)現(xiàn)細(xì)胞病變效應(yīng)(cytopathiceffect,CPE)。

17、Biologists have known for 40 years that a virus will cause less damage to a plant if that plant has been inoculated with a mild dose of the pathogen a few days earlier. ─── 四十年前生物學(xué)家就已經(jīng)知道，如果植物提早幾天接種劑量較小的病原，病毒對(duì)植物造成的傷害就會(huì)減小。

18、In Basal Salts Medium, the yeast grows up to A600=76 inoculated 10% seed pichia pastoris with A600=8-12 in 24h. ─── 在無(wú)機(jī)鹽培養(yǎng)基中,按10%接種A600=8-12的種菌后,24小時(shí)酵母菌增殖至A600=76;

19、The nitrite contents in pickles produced by inoculated fermentation or natural fermentation were compared. ─── 對(duì)人工發(fā)酵和自然發(fā)酵泡菜中亞硝酸鹽含量進(jìn)行了對(duì)比分析。

20、What the effects does low intensity constant magnetic field strapping and application with permanent magnet have on the growth of tumor in the inoculated animals? ─── 低強(qiáng)度恒磁場(chǎng)-永磁貼敷法對(duì)接種動(dòng)物腫瘤生長(zhǎng)的作用如何?

21、Have you been inoculated against cholera? ─── 你打了霍亂的預(yù)防針了嗎?

22、Fig. 2. Effect of temperature on fruit rot development of guava inoculated with Botryodiplodia theobromae after 7 days of incubation. ─── 圖三、溫度對(duì)四種病原所引起的番石榴果腐病病勢(shì)進(jìn)展之影響。

23、The children are going to the hospital to be inoculated. ─── 孩子們將去醫(yī)院打預(yù)防針。

24、Brevipes inoculated by Meatarhiziums MA4, J813 and J86C were increased gradually with the increase of spore concn. of Meatarhiziums at room temperature. ─── [結(jié)果]在室溫下，用綠僵菌MA4、J813、J86C接種后，菠蘿粉蚧的的死亡率隨著綠僵菌孢子濃度的增加而逐步提高。

25、Preious work has shown that mice with their prion gene knocked out remain healthy, and when inoculated with scrapie are protected against the disease1. ─── 先前的工作已經(jīng)告訴我們，被敲除普粒子基因的老鼠仍然健康，并且當(dāng)嫁接羊瘙癢病的時(shí)候它們能夠抵御疾病。

26、COLO-16 cells were inoculated in 96-well flat-bottomed plates at a concentration of 5 x lOVml. ─── COLO-16細(xì)胞以5×10~4/孔密度接種于96孔細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)板上。

27、The kids went to the hospital to be inoculated. ─── 孩子們到醫(yī)院去種牛痘去了。

28、The highest HA exists in 9 days embryo inoculated with 1/100 IBV and 1/400 in 10 days embryo. ─── 9日齡以1/100種毒繁毒后凝集價(jià)最高，10日齡以1/400種毒繁毒后血凝價(jià)最高。

29、What's more,inoculated plants prove to be better equipped at resisting unrelated diseases. ─── 另外，已接種的植物經(jīng)證實(shí)能夠更好地抵御無(wú)關(guān)疾病。

30、It is mainly composed of soybean and huaishan inoculated with mucor and sauce asp.After fermented and mixed up with sweet osmanthus,it becomes nourishing. ─── 以大豆、淮山為主要原料,接種毛霉、醬油曲霉,發(fā)酵釀造,加入桂花后熟,得到了營(yíng)養(yǎng)豐富的桂花豆豉。

31、Corynebactrium parvum was inoculated in a proper culture medium and passaged in succession. ─── 將短棒狀桿菌接種在適宜培養(yǎng)基上,連續(xù)擴(kuò)增傳代,培養(yǎng)終液稀釋成不同濃度。

32、After de-stalking and crushing the grapes were pumped into a red wine fermentation tank and cold macerated before yeast was inoculated and fermentation commenced. ─── 去除莖梗和壓碎后泵送入紅葡萄酒發(fā)酵罐，在發(fā)酵開(kāi)始前先冷浸軟。

33、The baby has been inoculated against diphtheria. ─── 孩子已接種白喉疫苗。

34、All the children in the region have been inoculated against four infectious diseases for six continuous years, and no case of polio was reported over the past seven years. ─── 到目前，全區(qū)連續(xù)6年實(shí)現(xiàn)了兒童“四苗”計(jì)劃免疫接種；連續(xù)7年無(wú)脊髓灰質(zhì)炎病例報(bào)告；

35、Symptoms are differentin different varieties when inoculated with the same SMV strain,showing there are interac-tion between soybean varieties and SMV strains. ─── 不同品種接種后的癥狀類(lèi)型不同，表明癥狀反應(yīng)是品種與株系互作的結(jié)果。

36、As a prevention against diseases people should be inoculated. ─── 作為一種預(yù)防疾病的措施，人們應(yīng)該打預(yù)防針。

37、Preferably, the plus N treatment should also be inoculated to ensure that yield increase is due to mineral N effects beyond that obtainable with sufficient rhizobia. ─── 對(duì)氮處理若能接種則更好，這樣就進(jìn)一步明確增產(chǎn)中超過(guò)足量根瘤菌可獲得產(chǎn)量水平以上的是礦質(zhì)氮素的作用。

38、The research results of teak seedlings of 12 provenances inoculated artificially by 4 AMF showed all the inoculated treatments were with an infection rate of 70% 100%. ─── 4個(gè)AM菌對(duì) 12個(gè)不同地理種源柚木苗人工接種的結(jié)果表明 ,全部處理均形成感染 ,感染率達(dá) 70% 10 0% ;

39、In air-conditioned greenhouse,seedlings of the F1,F2,BC1 progenies and their parents were inoculated with the prevalent races CY28 and CY32 of Puccinia striiformis respectively. ─── 在人工控制條件下，用我國(guó)小麥條銹菌優(yōu)勢(shì)小種條中28號(hào)和條中32號(hào)，分別對(duì)F1、F2、BC1代及其親本的幼苗進(jìn)行人工接種，研究了它們的抗性表現(xiàn)和雜交后代中抗條銹性的分離情況。

40、On the contrary, Tl. l and T2.3 was induced and inoculated, the rising range of CaM activity is greater and its drop range is also greater in soon afterwords time as well as T2.3 was induced. ─── 與此相反,未經(jīng)Tc誘導(dǎo)的T1.1、T2.3和經(jīng)Tc誘導(dǎo)的T2.3接種病原菌后CaM活性上升幅度較大,在隨后的時(shí)間里下降幅度也較大。

41、Scientists used UV processing on an apple cider sample that had been inoculated with bacteria. ─── 科學(xué)家利用紫外線處理了一份接種了病菌的蘋(píng)果汁樣本。

42、In 1990, the pertussis antibody level was detected in population of 206 persons, who were inoculated with DPT vaccine containing 4?5 billion bacillus pertussis/ml, the protection rate reached 34?47%. ─── 1990年使用含百日咳菌45億/ml百日破混合制劑（DPT），對(duì)206人檢測(cè)抗體水平，保護(hù)率為34?47%；

43、If he had been inoculated against smallpox , he would not have contracted the disease . ─── 如果他真的種過(guò)牛痘的話，他就不會(huì)得病了。

44、Two-year-old seedlings of Pinus tabulaeformis were inoculated with three kinds of Ectomycorrhiza fungi inoculum,Suillus bovines,S. luteus and Boletus luridus. ─── 對(duì)商南縣2年生油松苗木進(jìn)行乳牛肝菌(Su illus bov inus)、褐環(huán)乳牛肝菌(S.luteus)和褐黃牛肝菌(B oletus luridus)3種外生菌根真菌菌劑的接種試驗(yàn)。

45、Two year old Cunninghamia lanceolata seedlings,growing in Shangnan County,were inoculated with three ecotomycorrhizal fungi,Suillus bovines,Suillus luteus and Boletus luridus. ─── 對(duì)商南縣2年生杉木苗木進(jìn)行乳牛肝菌(Suillus bovines)、褐環(huán)乳牛肝菌(Suillus luteus)和褐黃牛肝菌(Boletus luridus)3種外生菌根真菌的接種試驗(yàn).

46、Samples were collected from the upper surface the tread of right foot for each pair of shoe, then inoculated and counted for the colonies. ─── 對(duì)每雙鞋的右腳上表面和鞋底取樣，接種并計(jì)數(shù)菌落。

47、In contrast, three out of the four unvaccinated animals became chronically infected with the virus when inoculated. ─── 相比之下，4只未接種疫苗的黑猩猩中的3只在注射丙肝病毒后被長(zhǎng)期感染了。

48、The results indicated that the inhibition rate of local lesions reached 98.54% if TMV was inoculated together with the fermentation broth filtrate. Its preventative effects was 92.05%, higher than its curative effects(66.2%). ─── 在心葉煙(Nicotiana glutinosa)上的抗病毒活性結(jié)果表明,SN-02的發(fā)酵濾液與TMV混合接種,枯斑抑制率達(dá)98.54%,接種前噴施的預(yù)防效果為92.05%,高于接種后噴施的治療效果(66.2%)。

49、Have you been inoculated against hepatitis? ─── 你注射傳染性肝炎的預(yù)防針了嗎?

50、There was also obvious difference in pathogenicity even if different hosts were inoculated by the same spore isolates of Venturia inaequalis. ─── 同一菌株對(duì)不同寄主品種的致病力也存在較大差異。

51、Fig. 4. Symptom of stem blight of horse-tail 45 days after inoculated with spore suspension of Fusarium oxysporum. Left: uninoculated, right: inoculated. ─── 圖四、鐮孢菌孢子懸浮液接種后一個(gè)半月,臺(tái)灣木賊莖腐病之病徵。左:未接種,右:接種。

52、After being isolated and cultured, the rabbit chondrocytes were inoculated to biological or fresh meniscus in culture plate. ─── 將分離培養(yǎng)的兔軟骨細(xì)胞，分別與生物型半月板和新鮮豬半月板混和培養(yǎng)。

53、The juice is inoculated with a neutral yeast strain. ─── 填加野生酵母發(fā)酵。

54、Its pathogenicity was markedly coincident with inoculated dosage. ─── 其致病性與劑量有明顯的相關(guān)性。

55、The inoculated BM. ─── 對(duì)接種生長(zhǎng)的BM.

56、Inoculated the detached leave of tobacco,the samples with the conidia germination inhibition rate over 70 % were selected for further prevention effect testing a... ─── 云南大學(xué)教育部微生物資源開(kāi)放研究重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室云南省生物資源保護(hù)與利用重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室云南昆明;

57、A recent study revealed that honeybees responsible for hive-temperature maintenance purposely raised the hives' temperature when colonies were inoculated with A. ─── 一項(xiàng)研究表明，負(fù)責(zé)維持蜂巢溫度的蜜蜂在蜂群接種 A 后，會(huì)有意識(shí)地提高蜂巢的溫度。

58、Incubate the inoculated media for not less than 14 days. ─── 將接種后的培養(yǎng)基培養(yǎng)不少于14天。

59、The site had been inoculated with soil containing suitable mycorrhizal fungi. ─── 在生境中用帶有合適菌根真菌的土壤接種。

60、The histopathological changes of inoculated duckling with duck hep atit is virus type I (DHV-I) were observed. ─── 對(duì)試驗(yàn)感染I型鴨肝炎病毒雛鴨的組織病理變化進(jìn)行了觀察，結(jié)果表明：接毒后12h，肝、脾、腎及胰等器官組織主要表現(xiàn)為變性性變化；

61、The rate of inoculated children in China has almost reached the average level of developed countries. ─── 中國(guó)兒童的預(yù)防接種率接近世界發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的平均水平。

62、China has slaughtered millions of fowl to try to contain the disease's spread and inoculated millions more. ─── 中國(guó)已經(jīng)撲殺了數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)的家禽,以控制禽流感的蔓延,并且為更多的家禽接種了疫苗。

63、Tissue cultured plantlets of sweet potato were inoculated withA.diazotrophicus originally isolated from field-grew sugarcane. ─── 固氮醋酸桿菌是一種從甘蔗中分離的固氮細(xì)菌。

64、The inoculation results showed that the symptom severity of citrus plants inoculated with unit-or complex-pathogens was closely related to its resistibility of citrus crop. ─── 對(duì)苗期進(jìn)行混合接種的試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，病狀表現(xiàn)的嚴(yán)重程度與柑桔對(duì)該病原的抗性程度有密切關(guān)系，感病的病狀明顯,抗病的病狀不明顯或不表現(xiàn);

65、The effect of its being inoculated with anaerobic sludge on the electrogenesis capacity of glucose simulated wastewater has been investigated. ─── 另外,還對(duì)以水及好氧污泥作為電池陰極時(shí)系統(tǒng)的產(chǎn)電性能進(jìn)行了對(duì)比。

66、He was inoculated against smallpox. ─── 他接種了預(yù)防天花的疫苗。

67、Have you been inoculated for cholera? ─── 你接受過(guò)霍亂預(yù)防注射嗎?

68、What's more, inoculated plants prove to be better equipped at resisting unrelated diseases. ─── 另外，已接種的植物經(jīng)證實(shí)能夠更好地抵御無(wú)關(guān)疾

69、In 1994 the rate of children inoculated against pertussis, diphtheria and tentanus was 92.76 percent. The rate of children inoculated with BCG, measles and polio vaccine was 93.96, 89.37 and 93.74 percent respectively. ─── 1994年，全國(guó)百日咳、白喉和破傷風(fēng)接種率為92.76%，卡介苗、麻疹疫苗和脊髓灰質(zhì)炎接種率分別為93.96%、89.37%和93.74%。

70、Cultivars with different resistance showed an identical response when inoculated with Pythium inflatum or Fusarium moniliforme. ─── 不同抗性品種用腫囊腐霉菌和串珠鐮刀菌接種測(cè)定，抗性反應(yīng)基本一致。

71、In the epidemic districts,the 15 million rabbits were inoculated with the three combined vaccine and the three diseases(RHD,CWD PMD)were effectively controlled. ─── 6個(gè)月后測(cè)定，平均保護(hù)率為RHD100%、CWD80%、PMD58.8%。

72、The heating test of the wet corn which was inoculated mould in corn bulk of simulated silo was conducted. ─── 在模擬筒倉(cāng)條件下，對(duì)接種霉菌的高水分玉米自然發(fā)熱和在倉(cāng)內(nèi)玉米中的熱轉(zhuǎn)移進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)。

73、Be inoculated against infectious diseases. ─── 傳染病預(yù)防注射。

74、Fig.5. Symptoms of fusarial wilt of wax gourd on artificially inoculated plants( left) compared to non-inoculated plants( right). ─── 圖五、工接種后出現(xiàn)的冬瓜萎凋病病徵(左為接種組，右為對(duì)照組)。

75、The transfected cells were inoculated into nude mice,and the tumor growth inhibition rate was calculated. ─── 體外轉(zhuǎn)染乳腺癌細(xì)胞,常規(guī)動(dòng)物接種,測(cè)量腫瘤體積和動(dòng)物重量,計(jì)算腫瘤抑制率。

76、At same time, the ability of graphitizing and sectional hardness distribution of the gray iron inoculated by DWF inoculant had been given. ─── 同時(shí)給出了其墨化能力、斷面硬度及硬度差結(jié)果。

77、The cooled wort is inoculated with Saccharomyces yeast and fermentation of the sugar formed from starch during mashing proceeds. ─── 向冷卻后的麥芽汁中注入酵母菌,使糖化過(guò)程中淀粉降解產(chǎn)生的糖發(fā)酵。

78、The sausages inoculated with liquid starter and powder starter were processed and there is no obvious difference in sensory and in acid production during fermenting. ─── 在試驗(yàn)的最后，用干粉發(fā)酵劑和液體發(fā)酵劑分別制作了發(fā)酵香腸，其產(chǎn)酸情況基本上相似，香腸在感官上無(wú)顯著差異。

79、Fig.5. Symptom of stem blight of horse-tail45 days after inoculated with infested soil of Fusarium oxysporum. Left: uninoculated, right: inoculated. ─── 圖五、孢菌病土接種后一個(gè)半月,臺(tái)灣木賊莖腐病之病徵。左:未接種,右:接種。

80、Schoettle's lab, grown for a year or two and inoculated with blister rust. ─── 這些樹(shù)種將被送到舒特勒博士的實(shí)驗(yàn)室，培育一兩年然后嫁接皰銹菌。

81、Vigourously rotate the freshly inoculated molten infusion agar between the palms of the hands to distribute the organisms. ─── 在手掌之間激烈地轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)剛剛接種的溶化后的滲出洋菜培養(yǎng)基，使生物分散。

82、The choice of the outside source purpose gene, the choice of the carrier and the preparative disposal of inoculated organization etc. are all main factors that affects the nucleic acid vaccine to express in the body. ─── 外源目的基因的選擇、載體的選擇、接種組織的預(yù)處理等都是影響著核酸疫苗在體內(nèi)表達(dá)的主要因素。

83、Coprinus comatuses were inoculated onto different cultivation media. ─── 菌絲體接種到不同栽培培養(yǎng)基上。

84、BGY is not easy to use but can give good results when carefully rehydrated using GO-FERM and inoculated into must with balanced nutrients. ─── 并不容易，但使用時(shí)能小心水化用好成績(jī)?nèi)グl(fā)酵要以均衡營(yíng)養(yǎng)、接種。

85、Fig.4. Symptom of stem blight of horse-tail45 days after inoculated with spore suspension of Fusarium oxysporum. Left: uninoculated, right: inoculated. ─── 圖四、孢菌孢子懸浮液接種后一個(gè)半月,臺(tái)灣木賊莖腐病之病徵。左:未接種,右:接種。

86、Embryonic calli could be obtained from explants such as terminal buds and axillary buds of hybrid giant napier inoculated in induced media during tissue culture. ─── 以皇竹草腋芽或頂芽作外植體，接種在脫分化培養(yǎng)基上培養(yǎng)，可獲得胚性愈傷組織。

87、ANALYSIS OF BCG-PPD SKIN TEST IN 1000 CHILDREN INOCULATED FOR BCG. ─── 1000例卡介苗接種兒童BCG-PPD皮試反應(yīng)的結(jié)果分析

88、In order to evaluate the clinical efficiency of 131 I HpD in tumor diagnosis, 30 Wistar rats inoculated with S 180 malignant tumor were used in this study. ─── 為研究131I標(biāo)記血卟啉衍生物（131I－HpD）診斷惡性腫瘤的價(jià)值，采用30只接種S180實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)[瘤的Wistar大鼠，進(jìn)行了131I－HpD的放射性掃描。

89、The ELISA kit for PRV was suitable for differentiation the vaccine inoculated pigs of PRV infected pigs, and epidemiological survey may also be done with this kit. ─── PR野毒抗體ELISA診斷試劑盒較適用于豬場(chǎng)PRV的疫苗免疫豬和野毒感染豬的區(qū)別診斷和流行病學(xué)普查。