?anhydride

anhydride 發(fā)音

英：[?n?ha?dra?d]　　美：[?n?ha?dra?d]

英：　　美：

anhydride 中文意思翻譯

anhydride 短語詞組

1、anhydride phthalic acid ─── [醫(yī)] 鄰苯二甲 ─── [酸]酐, 酞酸酐

2、arsenious acid anhydride ─── [機] 三氯化砷

3、acrylic anhydride ─── [化] 丙烯酐; 丙烯酸酐

4、abietic acid anhydride ─── [醫(yī)] 松香酸酐

5、acid-anhydride ─── [醫(yī)] 酸酐

6、arsenous acid anhydride ─── [化] 三氧化二砷

7、acetobenzoie anhydride ─── [機] 醋酸苯酸酐

8、arsenious anhydride ─── [醫(yī)] 亞砷酸酐, 三氧化二砷

9、antimonic acid anhydride ─── [機] 銻酸酐, 五氧化二銻

10、antimonous acid anhydride ─── [化] 亞銻酸酐; 三氧化銻

11、acid anhydride ─── [化] 酸酐

12、acetic anhydride ─── [化] 乙酐; 乙酸酐; 氧化乙酰 ─── [醫(yī)] 醋酸酐

13、acrbonic anhydride ─── [機] 碳酸酐

14、arsenous anhydride ─── 亞砷酸酐

15、acetobenzoie acid anhydride ─── [機] 醋酸苯酸酐

16、anhydride acetic acid ─── [醫(yī)] 乙酐, 醋酐

17、anhydride of santonic acid ─── [機] 山道酸酐, 山道年

18、acetobenzoic (acid)anhydride ─── [化] 乙酸·苯酸酐; 乙酸·苯甲酸酐

19、arsenic acid anhydride ─── [化] 砷酸酐; 五氧化二砷

anhydride 常用詞組

maleic anhydride ─── [化]順丁烯二酸酐

acetic anhydride ─── [化]無水醋酸，乙酸酐

phthalic anhydride ─── [化]鄰苯二甲酸酐；肽酸酐

anhydride 相似詞語短語

1、anhydrase ─── n.[生化]脫水酶；去水酶

2、enhydrites ─── n.含水礦物

3、anhydr- ─── 未知的

4、hydride ─── n.[無化]氫化物

5、anhydrite ─── n.[礦物]硬石膏；[建]無水石膏

6、anhydrides ─── [化學]酐（anhydride的名詞復(fù)數(shù)）

7、anhydrites ─── n.[礦物]硬石膏；[建]無水石膏

8、enhydrite ─── n.含水礦物

9、anhydrases ─── n.[生化]脫水酶；去水酶

anhydride 常見例句（雙語使用場景）

1、Similarly, using diketene to replace mixed anhydride or acid chloride, intermediate enol 5 may be obtained. ─── 而由混合酸酐或雙烯酮代替酰氯，中間體也可能是烯酮或烯醇5。

2、The ratio between resin and maleic anhydride was greater than 1:0.6, the photosensitive resin has better alkaline developable property. ─── 樹脂和酸酐的比值大于1:0.6時，產(chǎn)品具有良好的堿溶性。

3、OBJECTIVE To study the feasible synthesis method of poly-sebacic anhydride. ─── 目的研究聚癸二酸酐適宜的合成方法。

4、A new production technology of high-quality trimellitic anhydride with the liquid-phase air-oxidation from 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene was developed. ─── 偏苯三酸酐的生產(chǎn)方法主要有偏三甲苯氣相空氣氧化法、偏三甲苯液相硝酸氧化法、偏三甲苯液相空氣氧化法和間二甲苯甲醛液相空氣氧化法。

5、The organic compounds are mainly benzoic acid anhydride, benzophenone, and so on. ─── 生成的有機化合物成分比較復(fù)雜,主要成分有苯甲酸酐、二苯甲酮等。

6、Add the crystalline dihydrate(5g)to acetic anhydride(10??in a beaker. ─── 向盛有10?蟠姿狒?的燒杯內(nèi)加入5g二水合物結(jié)晶。

7、Using acid or pyridine as a catalyst,nitrogen aci3,4-diamino-3-cyclobutenedione)can be acylated by carboxylic acid,acetic anhydride and acyl chloride. ─── 在酸或吡啶催化下，氮方酸（3，4－二氨基－3－環(huán)丁烯二酮）可被?；噭人?、醋酐和酰氯?；?；

8、The quantity of chromic anhydride (CrO 3) must be often determined in chromium electroplating bath solution. ─── 電鍍鉻液中鉻酸酐的含量需要經(jīng)常分析測定,傳統(tǒng)的碘量法操作時間長,步驟較多,不利于快速測定。

9、From the synthesis of morphine and acetic anhydride derivatives of heroin history, so far, heroin still known as the "King of Drugs. " ─── 從嗎啡與乙酐合成其衍生物海洛因的歷史，到目前為止，海洛因仍被號稱“毒品之王”。

10、The present situation and the existing problems of alkyl fatty acid starch ester and alkenyl succinic anhydride at home and abroad were introduced. ─── 而對烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯要重點研究低葡萄糖值的酶解產(chǎn)物。

11、Compared with the amine curing agent, the casting epoxy resin cured by the acid anhydride has higher flashover voltage. ─── 實驗結(jié)果表明:酸酐固化的試樣比胺類固化試樣閃絡(luò)電壓要高；

12、It was showed that the plant system modification could prolong condensator life and enhance the yield of phthalic anhydride. ─── 結(jié)果表明,裝置系統(tǒng)改造能提高切換冷凝器的壽命,提高苯酐收率。

13、The influences of the catalyst, activator, acetic anhydride and thermostatic reaction temperature and time on the yield of coumarin were studied. ─── 用 HPL C跟蹤反應(yīng)過程 ,對催化劑和活化劑的用量、乙酸酐的用量和用法及保溫反應(yīng)的溫度和時間對香豆素收率的影響進行了研究 .

14、Perosmic anhydride when 48 degrees Celsius will melt, to 130 degrees Celsius when will seethe with excitement. ─── 四氧化鋨在48攝氏度時會熔化，到 130攝氏度時就會沸騰。

15、Besides ,MAPP(maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene )will also improve the toughness of the composites. ─── 而加入相容劑馬來酸酐接枝聚丙烯共聚物(MAPP)也會提高復(fù)合材料的韌性。

16、Place 49 g of phthalic anhydride in an amber bottle and dissolve it in 300 ml of pyridine that has been freshly distilled over phthalic anhydride. ─── 將49克鄰苯二甲酸酐放入琥珀瓶里，倒入300毫升的嘧啶(在剛才準備鄰苯二甲酸酐的過程中蒸餾好的)稀釋。

17、a fine chemical manufacturing specialized in liquid methyl tetrahydrobenzene-anhydride curative agent. ─── 是專業(yè)生產(chǎn)甲基四氫苯酐國有化劑的精細化工企業(yè)。

18、The retention behaviors of terpene/maleic anhydride adduct(TMA, 1) and its esterification derivatres(2) on OV 17 and SE 30 columns has been studied. ─── 研究了單萜／順酐加成物及其酯化衍生物在OV-17和SE-30柱上的某些色譜性能和定量分析的線性相應(yīng)關(guān)系。

19、The equilibrium constants have been determined for acetic anhydride binding with the enzyme and/or the enzyme-substrate complexes. ─── 用雙倒數(shù)作圖法測定醋酸酐與游離酶(E)和酶-底物絡(luò)合物(ES)的結(jié)合平衡常數(shù).

20、By virtue of the anhydride property of the isoimide rings, the PIIs were reacted with the alcohols to form poly(amic acid) esters(PAEs). ─── 利用異酰亞胺環(huán)具有酸酐性質(zhì)的特點，使之與醇類反應(yīng)，得到溶解性能優(yōu)良的聚酰胺酯(PAEs)。

21、Creatinine:a creatine anhydride, C4H7N3O, formed by the metabolism of creatine, that is found in muscle tissue and blood and normally excreted in the urine as a metabolic waste. ─── 肌酸酐：一種肌酸酐，c4h7n3o，由肌酸的新陳代謝形成，發(fā)現(xiàn)于肌肉細胞組織和血液中，一般作為新陳代謝的廢物通過尿液排出。

22、A small amount of maleic anhydride contaminates acted as nucleating agents during the crystallization of polypropylene. ─── 極少量殘留的馬來酸酐在聚丙烯的結(jié)晶過程中起著成核劑的作用;

23、This paper studied the effect of starch anhydride of octenyl succinic (OSAS) as stabilizer in yogurt. ─── 對辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯作為酸奶穩(wěn)定劑及其應(yīng)用效果進行了研究。

24、The influence of composing-polyimide diamine, dibasic anhydride structure etc. on the thermal property of polyimidewas discussed. ─── 探討了組成聚酰亞胺的二酐、二胺結(jié)構(gòu)等因素對聚酰亞胺熱性能的影響。

25、and a reaction product of a hydrocarbyl substituted dicarboxylic acid or anhydride and an amine compound or salt. ─── 和烴基取代的二羧酸或酸酐與胺化合物或鹽的反應(yīng)產(chǎn)物。

26、A solution of an equivalent amount of the product of Step II in an inert solvent is added to the above solution of the anhydride. ─── 上述酸酐的溶液中加入一當量用惰性溶劑的溶解的步驟II產(chǎn)品的溶液。

27、Phthalic anhydride is irritant to tissue and should be handled with care. ─── 鄰苯二甲酸酐對細胞組織有刺激性，使用時要小心。

28、This paper introduced that maleic anhydride can be grafted with rosin, polyethylene wax, sty-rene, petroleum resin. ─── 主要介紹了馬來酸酐與松香、石油樹脂、苯乙烯、聚乙烯蠟等的接枝反應(yīng)。

29、Acetylene has become increasingly prominent as a raw material for a whole series of organic compounds, among them acetaldehyde, acetic acid, and acetic anhydride. ─── 對于整個系列的有機化合物，包括乙醛、乙酸、醋酸酐，乙炔已經(jīng)成為越來越重要的原材料。

30、Technology for maleic anhydride production and the development of catalysts are described. ─── 摘要綜述了順丁烯二酸酐生產(chǎn)的工藝路線和催化劑研究發(fā)展。

31、When a conjugated system was contained in the cyclic anhydride, it gave N-phenylimide as the major product. ─── 結(jié)果表明，環(huán)酐的分子結(jié)構(gòu)直接影響反應(yīng)結(jié)果，當酸酐分子存在共軛結(jié)構(gòu)時以N-芳基內(nèi)酰胺為主要產(chǎn)物。

32、The increasing oil price worldwide in 2004 gives great opportunity for China maleic anhydride industry produced by coking benzene. ─── 2004年下半年以來國際油價迅速攀升,使我國以焦化苯為原料生產(chǎn)順酐的產(chǎn)業(yè)獲得空前機會。

33、Maleic anhydride is a important organic raw, the research of determination the content of it has practical meanings. ─── 順丁烯二酸酐是一種重要的有機原料，對其含量的測定有很大意義。

34、A titrimetric method has been developed for rapid determination of the concentration of chromic anhydride and sulfuric acid in ABS roughing solution. ─── 介紹了一種快速測定ABS粗化液中鉻酐與硫酸濃度的方法。

35、Using camphor as raw material, isoborneol acetate was synthesized through reductive with KBH4 and esterization with acetic anhydride. ─── 摘要以樟腦為原料，經(jīng)KBH4還原、乙酸酐酯化，即得乙酸異冰片酯。

36、The adhesive prepared by grafting SBS with Bu acrylate and maleic anhydride, with cyclohexane as solvent, can be used for shoes. ─── 本文以環(huán)己烷作溶劑，以丙烯酸丁酯和順酐對SBS接枝改性制鞋用膠粘劑。

37、Therefore,determination the content of maleic anhydride in different conditions is researched. ─── 目前,文獻上提到的順丁烯二酸酐含量測定方法的誤差較大。

38、A byproduct of low-molecular polyethylene wax from Daqing polyethylene unit was modified by graft copolymerization with maleic anhydride(MAH). ─── 研究了大慶低壓聚乙烯裝置副產(chǎn)物低分子聚乙烯蠟與馬來酸酐（MAH）的接枝改性。

39、Hydroxy/thiol Isocyanates, epoxy, anhydride, acid, N-alkoyl, carbodiimide, aziridine. ─── 羥基/巰基異氰酸酯，環(huán)氧樹脂，酸酐，酸，N - alkoyl，亞胺，丙啶。

40、The research, development situation and technology keys of the catalyst for preparing phthalic anhydride by oxidation of o -xylene were introduced. ─── 介紹了鄰二甲苯氧化法制苯酐用催化劑的研究情況、發(fā)展概況和開發(fā)過程中的技術(shù)關(guān)鍵。

41、Many methods for preparation of anthraquinone such as phthalic anhydride method, oxidation method and naphthaquinone method and so on were compared. ─── 綜述了重要中間體蒽醌的應(yīng)用以及傳統(tǒng)工業(yè)生產(chǎn)方法,評價了苯酐法、氧化法及萘醌法等各種方法的優(yōu)缺點。

42、Exothermic reaction can be reduced by adding hexahydrophthalic anhydride to the phthalic anhydride. ─── 用六氫化鄰苯二酸酐加入到鄰苯二酸酐中,可使其放熱反應(yīng)減慢。

43、But, the powdery osmium, gradually will be oxidized under the normal temperature, and production perosmic anhydride. ─── 可是，粉末狀的鋨，在常溫下就會逐漸被氧化，并且生成四氧化鋨。

44、ABS/PBT blends compatibilized with styrene-maleic anhydride(SMA) was prepared in a corotating twin-screw extruder with different blending procedure. ─── 以苯乙烯-馬來酸酐共聚物(SMA)為增容劑,研究了共混工藝對ABS/PBT共混物聚集態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)和力學性能的影響。

45、The results showed that the electrical properties of bisphenol A based epoxy resin cured by modified anhydride wene better than any others. ─── 結(jié)果表明,雙酚A環(huán)氧樹脂與改性酸酐的固化產(chǎn)物電性能較好。

46、Phosphorus Pentoxide, also called Phosphoric Acid Anhydride, is a white, spiculate crystal. ─── 五氧化二磷又名磷酸酐，白色針狀晶體。

47、Pour depressant OEAM, is a copolymer of maleic anhydride and mixed hexadecyi propionate and oc-tadecyl propionate. ─── 原油降凝劑(OEAM)是丙烯酸正十六醇和正十八醇混合酯與馬來酸酐的共聚物。

48、N-Maleoyl L-glutamic acid was synthesized by reaction of L-glutamic acid monosodium salt with maleic anhydride in aqueous acetone. ─── 摘要以馬來酸酐和味精為原料，在丙酮水溶液中反應(yīng)得到N-馬來酰-L-谷氨酸。

49、The mathematical model for the three-phase reaction of polyisobutylene(PIB),maleic anhydride(MA) and chlorine gas was established. ─── 建立了聚異丁烯、馬來酸酐和氯氣三相反應(yīng)的數(shù)學模型,影響反應(yīng)速率的主要因素包括:溫度、轉(zhuǎn)速和通氣速率。

50、Well, we'll ship the bichromate in steel drums and the chromic anhydride in oil cans. ─── 嗯，我們會把重鉻酸鹽用鋼桶裝，而無水鉻酸則用油罐裝。

51、Organic resin was used instead of chromic anhydride in the orthogonal experiment for research on non-chromate Dacromet technology. ─── 摘要以有機樹脂代替鉻酐，在無鉻達克羅工藝研究中進行正交試驗。

52、The solid phase grafting of maleic anhydride (MAH) onto powdered PE was studied,with BPO as initiator and xylene as interfacial agent. ─── 研究了以過氧化苯甲酰（BPO）為引發(fā)劑，二甲苯為界面劑，粉狀聚乙烯（HDPE、LLDPE）固相接枝馬來酸酐（MAH）的反應(yīng)。

53、An anhydride formed by the removal of a water molecule from the hydroxyl and carboxyl radicals of hydroxy acids. ─── 內(nèi)酯一種通過從酸的羧基中除去一個水分子而形成的脫水物

54、In present study,butyryl chitosans were synthesized by esterification with butyric anhydride as catalyst. ─── 考察了催化劑和反應(yīng)時間對丁酰化反應(yīng)的影響。

55、Subject to control the chemicals acetic anhydride, ephedrine etc. . ─── 受管制化學品乙酸酐、麻黃堿等.

56、Three methods for trimellitic anhydride production including MGC,nitric aid oxidation,and liquid phase oxidation by air were compared. ─── 比較了生產(chǎn)偏苯三酸酐的3種方法:芳香醛水溶液空氣氧化(MGC)法、硝酸氧化法和液相空氣氧化法。

57、Succinic acid dehydration is one of industrial methods to produce succinic anhydride. ─── 丁二酸脫水法是工業(yè)生產(chǎn)丁二酸酐的方法之一。

58、Objective: To study the effects of Phthalic Anhydride on the worker's health Methods: Present survey. ─── 目的：研究鄰苯二甲酸酐對工人健康的影響。方法：現(xiàn)況調(diào)查。

59、Nitrocellulose.Methacrylate polymer.Acrylate copolymer.Vinyl polymer.Adipic acid/neopentyl glycol/trimellitic anhydride copolymer. ─── 主要形成指甲油涂抹后薄膜的成分.

60、The mixed indicator of thymolphthalein with phenolphthalein was applied as the new indicator for the determination of maleic anhydride. ─── 提出了采用百里酚酞和酚酞混合指示劑作為順丁烯二酸酐含量測定的新指示劑。

61、Results: The determination by malachite green indicator is 1% lower than by potentiometry.The adding amount of acetic anhydride has some effec... ─── 結(jié)果:指示劑法較電位法測得結(jié)果低1%左右,醋酐的加入量對滴定突躍有一定影響。

62、What issue does the index on any account of flesh anhydride show again? The need in the life from what does the respect notice? ─── 肌酐的指標高低又說明什么問題呢?生活中需要從哪些方面注重呢?

63、The flow sheet and operation in phthalic anhydride plant system after the adding partial condensator were introduced. ─── 介紹了苯酐裝置系統(tǒng)中增加部分冷凝器的流程,操作討論了加部分凝冷器前后的經(jīng)濟效益。

64、Polybutenyl succinic anhydride, triethylene tetramine reaction product;2,5-furandione, dihydro-, polybutenyl derivs. ─── 名稱 聚亞烷基衍生的二氫-2,5-呋喃二酮與單亞烷基胺生成的反應(yīng)產(chǎn)物;

65、Maleic anhydride(MAH) and styrene(St) melt-grafting onto polypropylene(PP) was conducted in haake torque rheometer and twin screw extruder. ─── 在哈克流變儀和雙螺桿擠出機對苯乙烯(St)/馬來酸酐(MAH)/聚丙烯(PP)熔融接枝進行了研究。

66、In this paper, the catalysts, carriers and reactors in producing maleic anhydride by oxidation of cyclopentadiene were reviewed. ─── 本文綜述了由環(huán)戊二烯催化氧化制順酐的催化劑,催化劑載體及其反應(yīng)器的研究情況。

67、Used for dyeing and printing auxiliaries, meat preservatives, the system acetic anhydride raw materials. ─── 用作印染助劑、肉類防腐劑、制乙酸酐的原料。

68、The sulfonation reaction efficiency would reach a peak when the mole rate of acetic anhydride and concentrated sulfuric acid was 1.5. ─── 磺化劑中乙酸酐與濃硫酸的摩爾比為1.5:1時，平均磺化效率達到了最高；

69、The photosensitivity, alkaline solubility and viscosity of products increased as the ratio of maleic anhydride increased. ─── 試驗表明：在酸酐配比等于0.6:1時，?御人有較好的鹼溶性；?物的光敏性、鹼溶性和粘度隨著酸酐配比的增加而增大。

70、EBE monitored control system is an assistant to operator of 2000 TPY phthalic anhydride plant. ─── EBE監(jiān)視系統(tǒng)是 2 0 0 0t/a苯酐裝置操作人員的有力助手

71、Abstract： The kinetics of esterification of linalool with acetic anhydride was studied. ─── 摘 要： 研究了芳樟醇與乙酸酐酯化反應(yīng)動力學。

72、In present study, butyryl chitosans were synthesized by esterification with butyric anhydride as catalyst. ─── 摘要考察了催化劑和反應(yīng)時間對丁酰化反應(yīng)的影響。

73、Reaction temperature should be increased as high as possible under the condition of assuring the color of polyisobutylene succinic anhydride. ─── 在保證聚異丁烯丁二酸酐色澤的情況下，應(yīng)該盡可能地提高反應(yīng)溫度；

74、In this study，a co-monomer DAP wa s used in the process of maleic anhydrid e（MAH）solid grafting PP. ─── 本文研究了共單體鄰苯二甲酸二烯丙酯(DAP)在馬來酸酐(MAH)固相接枝聚丙烯(PP)過程中的作用結(jié)果。

75、The combined NA and MTHPA anhydride system is good enough for improving thermal stability of stiffness of epoxy FRP. ─── na與MTHPA混合酸酐體系可以有效地提高環(huán)氧玻璃鋼的耐熱性和材料的剛度。

76、If be uric flesh anhydride for 0, criterion the meaning is very different, explain kidney function is damaged badly. ─── 假如是尿肌酐為0，則意義大不相同，說明腎功能嚴重受損。

77、A process of Cr electroplating at room temperature with low chromic anhydride content was proposed. ─── 提出了一種常溫低濃度鍍鉻工藝。

78、Production : monomer boron, Danhuapeng, boron anhydride, without detectable; Hydrochloric acid, Yean, ammonia water. ─── 生產(chǎn)：單體硼，氮化硼，硼酐，無水硼砂；鹽酸，液氨，氨水。

79、The grafting reaction of maleic anhydride (MAH) onto polypropylene powder (PP) by UV radiation is studied in this paper. ─── 研究了聚丙烯(PP)微粒與馬來酸酐(MAH)在紫外線輻照下進行接枝反應(yīng)。

80、Abstract： Crosslinked aceto polystyrene was obtained by reacting crosslinked polystyrene and acetic anhydride with aluminium trichloride as catalyst. ─── 摘要： 交聯(lián)聚苯乙烯在三氯化鋁催化下與乙酸酐進行乙?；磻?yīng),得到交聯(lián)聚苯乙烯乙酮樹脂;

81、Succinic acid dehydration is one of industrial methods to produce succinic anhydride. ─── 丁二酸脫水法是工業(yè)生產(chǎn)丁二酸酐的方法之一.

82、This paper summarized the applications of the cyclodextrin,porous starch and octenyl succinic anhydride modified starch in essences and flovors. ─── 文章對環(huán)糊精、多孔淀粉和辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯(純膠)等幾種淀粉基緩釋劑在香精香料中的應(yīng)用進行了綜述。

83、PVA superabsorbent composite resin containing diatomite was synthesized by suspension polymerization using maleic anhydride as cross-linking agent. ─── 摘要采用懸浮聚合法，以順丁烯二酸酐為交聯(lián)劑，添加硅藻土，制得硅藻土-聚乙烯醇高吸水性樹脂。

84、DME is a preferred substitute for chlorofluorocarbons and can derive a number of products with high value such as dimethyl carbonate,acetic acid,acetic anhydride and formaldehyde. ─── 二甲醚是氯氟烴的替代品,用它可以開發(fā)一系列高附加值產(chǎn)品,例如碳酸二甲酯、醋酸、醋酐、甲醛等;

85、The kinetics of esterification of linalool with acetic anhydride was studied. ─── 研究了芳樟醇與乙酸酐酯化反應(yīng)動力學。

86、Maleic anhydride was esterificated with methanol,then isomerized with aluminum trichloride to obtain monomethy fumarate(MMF). ─── 以馬來酸酐和甲醇為原料,經(jīng)酯化及異構(gòu)化得到富馬酸單甲酯,再經(jīng)酰氯化得到富馬酸單甲酯單酰氯。

87、Methods This preparation of tetrafluorophthalic acid started from tetrachlorophthalic anhydride and underwent amidation,fluorination and hydrolysis. ─── 方法以四氯苯酐為原料,經(jīng)酰亞胺化、氟化、水解得四氟鄰苯二甲酸。

88、The photosensitivity, alkaline solubility and viscosity of products increased as the ratio of maleic anhydride increased . ─── 產(chǎn)物的光敏性、堿溶性和粘度隨著酸酐配比的增加而增大。

89、Maleic anhydride was esterificated with methanol, then isomerized with aluminum trichloride to obtain monomethy fumarate (MMF). ─── 摘要以馬來酸酐和甲醇為原料，經(jīng)酯化及異構(gòu)化得到富馬酸單甲酯，再經(jīng)酰氯化得到富馬酸單甲酯單酰氯。