?supervising

supervising 發(fā)音

英：[?su?p?va?z??]　　美：[?s?p?rva?z]

英：　　美：

supervising 中文意思翻譯

supervising 詞性/詞形變化，supervising變形

動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞: supervising |動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù): supervises |動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞: supervised |動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式: supervised |

supervising 短語(yǔ)詞組

1、supervising physician ─── 督導(dǎo)醫(yī)師

2、supervising program ─── [計(jì)] 管理程序, 監(jiān)督程序

3、supervising editor aging cell ─── 監(jiān)督編輯器老化單元

4、supervising editor ─── 主管編輯

5、automatic supervising device ─── 自動(dòng)監(jiān)控裝置

6、supervising device ─── 監(jiān)視設(shè)備

7、supervising system ─── [計(jì)] 管理系統(tǒng), 監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)

8、supervising network ─── 監(jiān)控網(wǎng)絡(luò)

9、supervising attorney ─── 監(jiān)督律師

10、supervising engineer ─── 監(jiān)理工程師

11、supervising associate ─── 主管合伙人

supervising 相似詞語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)

1、supersizing ─── 超大尺寸

2、supercoiling ─── v.使……成為超螺旋（supercoil的現(xiàn)在分詞）

3、superadding ─── vt.添加；再加上

4、superfusing ─── v.澆蓋

5、superposing ─── v.放在上面，疊加，重疊（superpose的現(xiàn)在分詞）

6、supervening ─── 隨后發(fā)生；被附加（supervene的現(xiàn)在分詞）

7、superating ─── 超高溫

8、supervision ─── n.監(jiān)督，管理

9、superpraising ─── 超飼養(yǎng)

supervising 常見(jiàn)例句（雙語(yǔ)使用場(chǎng)景）

1、So it is a very practical and valuable subject that supervising modeling RDB data models by object models that generated by object-oriented technology. ─── 因此，利用面向?qū)ο蠹夹g(shù)生成的對(duì)象模型指導(dǎo)關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的建模就有很好的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義和實(shí)用價(jià)值。

2、A head chef must be an expert not only in cooking itself, but also in planning, purchasing, and supervising other kitchen personnel. ─── 一個(gè)廚師長(zhǎng)不僅應(yīng)該是烹飪專家，而且在制定計(jì)劃，采購(gòu)物料和監(jiān)督其他炊事員工作方面也應(yīng)該是行家。

3、He is fully justified in criticizing the police commissioner for poorly supervising his department. ─── 他批評(píng)警察局長(zhǎng)對(duì)自己的部門監(jiān)督不嚴(yán)是完全有道理的。

4、Defining and supervising upgrades of the technical specifications of the Protocols by supporting the existing standards bodies. ─── 定義和指導(dǎo)協(xié)議的技術(shù)規(guī)范升級(jí)以支持現(xiàn)有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

5、She had something to do in the house, supervising that native. ─── 她待在家里，究竟還有點(diǎn)兒事情可以做做，可以監(jiān)視那個(gè)土人。

6、Whether students fulfill each of these goals depends upon the quality of their relationships with their supervising attorneys. ─── 學(xué)生能否實(shí)現(xiàn)這些目標(biāo)關(guān)鍵在于學(xué)生和他們的指導(dǎo)律師關(guān)系是否融洽。

7、Innovation of supervising system etc. ─── 創(chuàng)新監(jiān)督體制。

8、In its work of guiding and supervising the government,the Party organization should start with leading Party members'groups and Party members. ─── 黨要實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)政權(quán)指導(dǎo)與監(jiān)督的作用，首先就要從切實(shí)指導(dǎo)與監(jiān)督自己的黨團(tuán)和黨員做起。

9、The SFDA shall take charge of supervising and administering drug recalls of the whole nation. ─── 國(guó)家食品藥品監(jiān)督管理局監(jiān)督全國(guó)藥品召回的管理工作。

10、SUMMARY 摘要:To assist the assistant manager in organizing and supervising the restaurant operations. He will acti...... ... ─── 公司名稱：北京安柯泰迪商貿(mào)有限公司工作地點(diǎn)：其他發(fā)布時(shí)間：2009-4-17

11、Reporting to the General Manager, the incumbent is responsible for directing, supervising, meeting the targets for the various sales units. ─── 該職位的直接匯報(bào)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是公司總經(jīng)理，必須負(fù)有直接全面管理、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)并完成各項(xiàng)銷售指標(biāo)。

12、Look in Hesperian, god gives the world light, and supervising everything worldly, all living things is live below the eyelid in god. ─── 在西方人看來(lái)，上帝給予世界光明，并且監(jiān)督著世間的一切，蕓蕓眾生都是在上帝的眼皮底下生活。

13、We HBD also provide the service of consultation, prophase plan, quality supervising, field maintenances etc. besides the sales of artificial grass. ─── 與此同時(shí)， HBD 還提供全方位的人造草坪體育場(chǎng)地系統(tǒng)諮詢、前期策劃、質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)、維護(hù)保養(yǎng)等服務(wù)。

14、Supervising personnel in such a regard should be well acknowledged with the land administrative law and decrees, loyal to their duties and justice in enforcement of the law. ─── 土地管理監(jiān)督檢查人員應(yīng)當(dāng)熟悉土地管理法律、法規(guī),忠于職守、秉公執(zhí)法。

15、Supervising the providing the training to all the line operators to strictly follow up the process control sheet to manufacture and inspect valves. ─── 培訓(xùn)和監(jiān)督本線全體人員嚴(yán)格按過(guò)程控制卡要求進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)制造和檢驗(yàn)。

16、She was charged with supervising the creation of a concordance. ─── 她被指派負(fù)責(zé)監(jiān)督索引的制作工作。

17、In concentration practice, Right Effort is a supporting factor, while Right Mindfulness and Right Concentration are supervising factors. ─── 在定力修持中，正精進(jìn)是輔助因素，正念與正定是監(jiān)督因素。

18、It includes the LON general intelligent node, the upper control and supervising configuration platform, and the remote monitoring platform. ─── 它包括LON通用智能節(jié)點(diǎn)、上位組態(tài)控制和監(jiān)視平臺(tái)以及遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)視平臺(tái)。

19、MOP is responsible for inspecting and supervising the professional qualification registration of EIA Engineer and the EIA business. ─── 人事部對(duì)環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)工程師職業(yè)資格的登記和從事環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)業(yè)務(wù)情況進(jìn)行檢查、監(jiān)督。

20、Supervising the telephone department is the head operator or chief operator, sometimes called the telephone supervisor. ─── 主管話務(wù)部的人是話務(wù)班領(lǐng)班。

21、Nevertheless, Bob's supervising officer commended him and recommended that Bob be sent to lead the colonization of a far-away country. ─── 盡管如此,鮑勃的上司仍對(duì)他稱贊有加,并推薦鮑勃到一個(gè)遙遠(yuǎn)的國(guó)家去領(lǐng)導(dǎo)拓殖行動(dòng)。

22、Responsibilities generally include supervising study spaces to ensure that a quiet atmosphere is maintained. ─── 職責(zé)通常包括監(jiān)督那些用來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)的地方，以確保維持一種安靜的氛圍。

23、In 1982 Jimmy was the supervising director on one of the greatest animated films "The Snowman" nominated for an Oscar and winner of the BAFTA prize. ─── 1982年他擔(dān)任最偉大的動(dòng)畫影片之一--《雪人》的導(dǎo)演。該片不僅獲得奧斯卡提名，更是英國(guó)電影和電視藝術(shù)學(xué)院獲獎(jiǎng)作品。

24、Mrs. Peters doesn't need supervising. For that matter, a sheriff's wife is married to the law. Ever think of it that way, Mrs. Peters? ─── 彼得斯太太不需要監(jiān)督。就這一點(diǎn)看，治安官他妻子嫁給法律了。想過(guò)沒(méi)有，彼得斯太太？

25、Internal changer of hierophant is the most important part of supervising mechanism in the various factors that influence the effect of supervising mechanism. ─── 在影響導(dǎo)師制工作成效的諸因素中,導(dǎo)師的內(nèi)在改變是重中之重。

26、The QA is responsible for drafting, revising, reviewing, training, implementing and supervising this SOP. ─── QA部負(fù)責(zé)本規(guī)程的起草、訂、核、訓(xùn)、施和監(jiān)督。

27、The guardianship supervisor is the person or organization supervising the act of guardianship of the guardian. ─── 因此極需要借助監(jiān)督機(jī)制來(lái)監(jiān)督。監(jiān)護(hù)監(jiān)督人是對(duì)監(jiān)護(hù)人的監(jiān)護(hù)行為進(jìn)行監(jiān)督的人或機(jī)構(gòu)。

28、As Digital Earth's Chief Geoscientist you will have a varied and critical role including: ? Supervising the hiring， ...... ... ─── 公司名稱：開(kāi)曼群島數(shù)字地球有限公司深圳代表處工作地點(diǎn)：廣東省深圳市發(fā)布時(shí)間：2008-11-5

29、He said the launch of the badge will help standardise police supervising services. ─── 他說(shuō)，推出徽章，將有助于規(guī)范警務(wù)監(jiān)督服務(wù)。

30、You will also be in charge of supervising the training schedule and organization; strong project management skills are required as well as team work with the other trainers. ─── 培訓(xùn)員還需負(fù)責(zé)管理培訓(xùn)日程和組織培訓(xùn)。工作中需要團(tuán)隊(duì)合作精神。培訓(xùn)員需具備良好的項(xiàng)目管理技能。

31、A probe is further made into unm anned operation programme on the basis of current supervising ability of two hea dstocks per person. ─── 在對(duì)車頭進(jìn)行省力化探索過(guò)程中，一人管理兩個(gè)車頭取得成功。

32、Through constructing trading platform, stipulating market standards and perfecting supervising mechanism, broadcast can maintain effective market management of broadcast programs. ─── 同時(shí)，通過(guò)搭建交易平臺(tái)、制定市場(chǎng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和完善監(jiān)督機(jī)制進(jìn)行有效的廣播節(jié)目市場(chǎng)管理。

33、It is the indistinction between Cishi's administerial authority and supervising authority that led to the entanglements in local administrative power subsequently. ─── 并且正是刺史職能中行政權(quán)與監(jiān)察權(quán)的未分化，才為后來(lái)地方治權(quán)的糾葛埋下了伏筆。

34、Partly performing the supervising function of the procuratorial organ, civil procuratorial work ought to have been omnibearing. ─── 民事檢察作為檢察機(jī)關(guān)監(jiān)督職能的一部分理應(yīng)是一種全方位的監(jiān)督。

35、Supervising and coordinating the work of these civil engineer specialists ,from beginning to end of the project ,are the construction management specialists. ─── 從工程項(xiàng)目的開(kāi)始至終結(jié)，施工管理專家監(jiān)督與協(xié)調(diào)這些土木工程師的工作。

36、Collected when handling entrustment for supervising constructed engineering quality. ─── 辦理工程質(zhì)量監(jiān)督委托時(shí)繳付。

37、You may also be helping colleagues and bosses, and you may be supervising subordinates, as they mediate informally or formally. ─── 各位在未來(lái)可能都會(huì)有部屬，也可能要管理人，很可能要幫你的上司或下屬作正式或非正式的調(diào)解。

38、The Town-god had been the god of annihilating the malefactor, protecting nation, supervising dark hell, safeguarding civilian. ─── 城隍是古代神話中可以“剪惡除兇，護(hù)國(guó)保邦，監(jiān)察幽冥，保安黎庶”的神靈。

39、Procuratorates are the supervising departments of laws and take charge of procuratorial supervising the criminal execution. ─── 人民檢察院是國(guó)家法律監(jiān)督機(jī)關(guān)，檢察機(jī)關(guān)肩負(fù)著對(duì)刑事執(zhí)行活動(dòng)的檢察監(jiān)督。

40、Those supervising the elections knew that their task was one of patriotic importance. ─── 這些選舉監(jiān)督者知道他們的任務(wù)具有愛(ài)國(guó)主義重要性。

41、We have a complete corporate management structure with excellent decision-making, executive and supervising systems. ─── 公司有健全的法人治理結(jié)構(gòu)，建立了良好的決策、執(zhí)行和監(jiān)督體系。

42、Although it will be faced with challenge, the developing momentum of constitution supervising judicatorization has showed a powerful vitality. ─── 憲法監(jiān)督司法化的發(fā)展勢(shì)頭，盡管在中國(guó)面臨挑戰(zhàn)，但是顯示了強(qiáng)大的生命力。

43、Responsibilities - Supervising the fitout/finishes works of the project under the direction of the Deputy Construction M...... ... ─── 公司名稱：上海胡克科克雷蒙工程技術(shù)咨詢有限公司工作地點(diǎn)：天津市發(fā)布時(shí)間：2009-7-18

44、"Let's stick to the right. Yeh-yeh is in the plum grove, supervising the servants cutting branches," said Chuehmin when they passed through the moon-gate. ─── “我們還是往右邊走罷，我曉得爺爺在梅林里頭，”他們剛走進(jìn)月洞門，覺(jué)民這樣說(shuō)，就往右邊走去。

45、Among those who have a high score on the "assertive" trait, many have jobs in which they are valued for their organizational skills as well as their talent for supervising others. ─── 在那些有著“自信”條目高分的人，有很多從事于能夠體現(xiàn)他們組織能力價(jià)值或是管理他人的天分的職業(yè)。

46、SUMMARY 摘要:To assist the assistant manager in organizing and supervising the restaurant operations. He will actively inv...... ... ─── 公司名稱：北京首都機(jī)場(chǎng)希爾頓酒店工作地點(diǎn)：北京市發(fā)布時(shí)間：2009-7-23

47、Checking, following and supervising whole process of importation in air port of each airshipment. ─── 在機(jī)場(chǎng)審核,跟蹤并監(jiān)督每次貨柜的整個(gè)進(jìn)口操作流程,并督促速度,保證出貨。

48、Your task:To monitor the overall situation of the manufacture system;Supervising and motivating Dept. of Logistic， Manuf...... ... ─── 公司名稱：蒂森克虜伯扶梯（中國(guó)）有限公司工作地點(diǎn)：其他發(fā)布時(shí)間：2009-4-10

49、The most important issue of restraining and supervising the voltage fluctuation and flicker is to track the signal. ─── 對(duì)電壓波動(dòng)和閃變進(jìn)行有效監(jiān)視與管理,首要任務(wù)是要準(zhǔn)確提取電壓波動(dòng)信號(hào)。

50、Responsibilities: To assist the Production Manager in organizing and supervising the members of Production Dept. ─── 協(xié)助制造部經(jīng)理組織并監(jiān)督制造部門員工的工作。

51、In order to achieve the due goal of construction quality, this paper discusses how a client can control the project in design , supervising and construction respectively. ─── 從設(shè)計(jì)、監(jiān)理、施工這三個(gè)方面論述了建設(shè)項(xiàng)目業(yè)主如何對(duì)建設(shè)項(xiàng)目實(shí)行質(zhì)量控制,保證工程質(zhì)量達(dá)到預(yù)期的目標(biāo)。

52、Responsibility and qualification Job Description: Responsible for supervising the activities of technician teams or sta...... ... ─── 公司名稱：英特爾產(chǎn)品（成都）有限公司工作地點(diǎn)：廣東省深圳市發(fā)布時(shí)間：2009-7-15

53、Fruitful development fire prevention security hundred days supervising fire prevention safety and security work. ─── 卓有成效開(kāi)展消防安全百日督查消防安全保衛(wèi)工作。

54、In the middle of the winter she was sitting in the schoolroom, supervising her nephew's lessons, when the servant announced that Rostov was below. ─── 仲冬的一天，她正在教室里照看侄兒做功課，仆人通報(bào)尼古拉來(lái)訪。

55、You can view and print your ticket at www.ets.org/gre/viewprintticket or present this letter to the test supervis ... ─── 其實(shí)也可以不用等的，直接去它的官網(wǎng)上打印就好了。它回復(fù)給我的郵件也是這么說(shuō)的。

56、A country responsible for supervising a trust territory. ─── 托管國(guó)負(fù)責(zé)管理監(jiān)督托管領(lǐng)地的國(guó)家

57、The jury determined that the airline was negligent in training and supervising the crew. ─── 陪審團(tuán)認(rèn)定該航空公司在培訓(xùn)和管理其機(jī)組成員方面瀆職。

58、Supervising the use of funds in BOCOG ? ─── 加強(qiáng)對(duì)組委會(huì)資金使用的監(jiān)督。

59、I'm of the opinion/view that a supervising committee should be set up. ─── 我認(rèn)為應(yīng)該設(shè)立一個(gè)監(jiān)督委員會(huì)。

60、In addition to packaging, the client services include packaging procurement, design and pre-press management, printing process supervising, security and point of sales solutions. ─── 他們面向全球客戶，提供一體化的解決方案，整合原材料供應(yīng)、包裝設(shè)計(jì)、印刷管理、技術(shù)管理及物流管理為一體。

61、Setting financial auditing plans and supervising their execution to ensure that the set targets are met. ─── 制定金融，審計(jì)的計(jì)劃，監(jiān)督其運(yùn)行情況，確定已制定目標(biāo)的完成；

62、Responsibilities - Supervising the fitout/finishes works of the project under the direction of the Deputy Constr...... ... ─── 公司名稱：上海胡克科克雷蒙工程技術(shù)咨詢有限公司工作地點(diǎn)：天津市發(fā)布時(shí)間：2009-3-28

63、Supervising procedure and procedure of public summons for exhortation of China’s civil noncontentious proceedings should be perfect. ─── 我國(guó)民事非訟程序中的督促程序和公示催告程序應(yīng)當(dāng)予以完善。

64、Party B shall notify the Juki people to join in supervising the installation and repair of the machines. ─── 乙方須通知Juki公司的人員參加監(jiān)督機(jī)器的安裝和維修。

65、Hence the function of the Council in terms of supervising or overseeing the legal aid services by LAD is circumscribed by those provisions. ─── 因此,本局在監(jiān)察或監(jiān)督法援署法援服務(wù)的職能便受到上述條文的限制。

66、Supervising personnel in such a regard should be well acknowledged with the land administrative law and decrees,loyal to their duties and justice in enforcement of the law. ─── 土地管理監(jiān)督檢查人員應(yīng)當(dāng)熟悉土地管理法律、法規(guī)，忠于職守、秉公執(zhí)法。

67、Responsibilities:1) Office Managementa) Physically Manage local office operationsb) Mentoring and supervising the recept...... ... ─── 公司名稱：甲骨文（中國(guó)）軟件系統(tǒng)有限公司工作地點(diǎn)：臺(tái)灣省發(fā)布時(shí)間：2009-7-16

68、Construction supervising of Shi-Tai free way in Hebei province for CEF Group of Canada &Dharmala Group of Indonesia. ─── 另加拿大怡東集團(tuán)（CEF），印尼大馬集團(tuán)等在中國(guó)河北省合作投資的石太高速公路工程做工程監(jiān)理。

69、Produce for the LIFEFITNESS company of the United States of electroplate to wash to press a production for, supervising and control strictly, satisfying the customer request. ─── 公司生產(chǎn)的專業(yè)電鍍沖壓件系列,嚴(yán)格監(jiān)控,滿足客戶的生產(chǎn)要求。

70、Work with Special Forces, supervising the work of other experts and instructing police tactical firearms teams was opened up to him. ─── 與特種部隊(duì)并肩作戰(zhàn)、監(jiān)督其他專家工作、訓(xùn)練警察戰(zhàn)術(shù)軍火團(tuán)隊(duì)都是他的工作內(nèi)容。

71、Strengthening supervising of nutrition precautions against poisoned by eatable. ─── 加強(qiáng)營(yíng)養(yǎng)監(jiān)督預(yù)防食物中毒。

72、Dale is an account executive who attended one of my workshops on supervising a diverse workforce. ─── 戴爾是一位客戶經(jīng)理，他參加了我的一個(gè)研習(xí)會(huì)，主題是如何管理多元化的員工隊(duì)伍。

73、Through analyzing the difficulties and hotspots of the fire supervising, this paper presents countermeasures accordingly. ─── 從分析當(dāng)前消防監(jiān)督隊(duì)伍管理中難點(diǎn)、熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題入手,有針對(duì)性地提出了相應(yīng)的對(duì)策。

74、Is the information provided to independent directors really relevant for them to supervising the company s strategy operation ? ─── 一、為使獨(dú)立董事確實(shí)發(fā)揮監(jiān)督策略執(zhí)行之功能，個(gè)案公司應(yīng)提供那些關(guān)鍵資訊？

75、This raises a new requirement for supervising and developing forest resources of state-owned forest areas and protecting China"s ecological security. ─── 對(duì)國(guó)有林區(qū)森林資源實(shí)施監(jiān)督，是保證國(guó)有林區(qū)森林資源所有者權(quán)益的必要措施和手段。

76、Organizing, planning, supervising, coaching, codinating delegating skills ability to apply motivational techniques methods. ─── 具備組織、計(jì)劃、監(jiān)督、培訓(xùn)、協(xié)調(diào)和授權(quán)的能力，能夠應(yīng)用激發(fā)員工動(dòng)力的技巧和方法；

77、Gender switches would not necessarily draw much attention at the courthouse, said the court's supervising judge, Jeffrey K. Oing. ─── 法院的監(jiān)督法官JeffreyK.Oing說(shuō)性別改變不一定會(huì)在法院引起很大注意。

78、What with her projects intrigued me in the extreme, I strongly wish to pursue my further study in area of mechanics under her supervising. ─── 因?yàn)樗恼n題激起我極大的興趣，我非常希望未來(lái)在她的指導(dǎo)下攻讀力學(xué)領(lǐng)域。

79、In addition, nuisance law fails to provide a systematic mechanism for supervising emissions. ─── 另外，妨害法不能提供一個(gè)監(jiān)督排放的系統(tǒng)性機(jī)制。

80、LiFengwu(middle, front row), vice director of Publicity Department of Shandong Provincial Committee, chairman of Provincial Civilization Office, supervising in Zhucheng. ─── 山東省委宣傳部副部長(zhǎng)、文明辦主任李鳳梧(前排中)在諸城檢查指導(dǎo)工作。

81、Civil society participating, sustaining, supervising and restricting the government, is the foundation power to promote the governmental administer. ─── 公民社會(huì)既參與、支持又監(jiān)督、制約政府行使權(quán)力，是推進(jìn)政府治理的基本動(dòng)力。

82、The 21st and 22nd clause of DSU is made for the execution of DSB's ruling. Out of question, supervising the execution is as important as making rulings. ─── 為了確保爭(zhēng)端解決機(jī)構(gòu)裁決的執(zhí)行,在《關(guān)于爭(zhēng)端解決規(guī)則和程序的諒解》中第21,22條專門規(guī)定了執(zhí)行程序。

83、No, Mrs. Peters doesn't need supervising . For that matter ,a sheriff ‘s wife is married to the law . Ever think of it that way , Mrs. Peters ? ─── 彼得斯太太不需要監(jiān)督。就這一點(diǎn)看，治安官他妻子嫁給法律了。想過(guò)沒(méi)有，彼得斯太太？

84、During the prison term, Paunch could be released on parole only under supervis. ─── 刑期內(nèi)可以假釋，但在假釋期內(nèi)，龐奇必須置于他人監(jiān)督之下。

85、It comes from the owner absence, unreasonable structure of shares holders, lack of role of directorate, weak controlling of the companies and outside supervising. ─── 所有者缺位、股權(quán)結(jié)構(gòu)不合理、董事會(huì)功能異化、公司控制權(quán)缺乏威脅和外部監(jiān)督的弱勢(shì)是內(nèi)部人控制問(wèn)題的成因。

86、Supervising the ERP system monthly closing and Project cost following up. ─── 主管公司月底ERP系統(tǒng)結(jié)帳工作及項(xiàng)目成本的分析跟蹤。

87、Two old men playing, and six supervising, a checkers game. ─── 兩個(gè)老頭在下跳棋，6個(gè)人在觀看。

88、You shall reside at an address approved by your supervising officer. ─── 六)你必須居住在監管人員認可的地址。

89、Thirdly denouncing and condemning systems should be set up to strengthen the inside and outside supervising mechanism. ─── 三要建立檢舉和懲處制度,加強(qiáng)內(nèi)外監(jiān)督機(jī)制。