?scribes

scribes 發(fā)音

英：[skra?bz]　　美：[skra?bz]

英：　　美：

scribes 中文意思翻譯

scribes 短語(yǔ)詞組

1、scribes administered ─── 管理抄寫員

scribes 詞性/詞形變化，scribes變形

形容詞: scribal |動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù): scribes |動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞: scribed |動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式: scribed |動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞: scribing |

scribes 相似詞語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)

1、scries ─── v.（用水晶球等）占卜

2、scrikes ─── 抄寫員

3、scribed ─── 抄寫；寫下（scribe的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞）

4、scribe ─── n.抄寫員；作家；劃線器；vt.寫下，記下；用劃線器劃；vi.寫下，記下；擔(dān)任抄寫員；n.(Scribe)人名；(法)斯克里布

5、escribes ─── vt.作（圓）旁切

6、ascribes ─── vt.歸因于；歸咎于

7、scribers ─── n.描繪標(biāo)記的用具；畫線器；n.(Scriber)人名；(英)斯克賴伯

8、scriber ─── n.描繪標(biāo)記的用具；畫線器；n.(Scriber)人名；(英)斯克賴伯

9、scrines ─── 屏幕

scribes 常見(jiàn)例句（雙語(yǔ)使用場(chǎng)景）

1、If the psalmist were not David, he may have been a Levite who continually studied and copied the Law, like a scribe as was Ezra. ─── 如果這一詩(shī)篇的作者不是大衛(wèi)，他就是一位不斷研習(xí)及抄錄律法的利未人，像以斯拉那樣的文士。

2、"Today, I am challenging Senator Obama to a bowl-off," Clinton said, provoking relieved laughs from the assembled scribes. ─── “今天，我以打保齡球向奧巴馬議員提出挑戰(zhàn)”，希拉里說(shuō)道，在座的記者哄堂大笑。

3、And the desks of the scribes! ─── “還有學(xué)錄的書(shū)桌！”

4、Did you know the scribe well? ─── 你和抄寫員熟識(shí)嗎？

5、Mt. 23:25 Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you cleanse the outside of the cup and the dish, but inwardly they are full of extortion and self-indulgence. ─── 太二三25假冒為善的經(jīng)學(xué)家和法利賽人，你們有禍了！因?yàn)槟銈儩崈舯P的外面，里面卻盛滿了勒索和放蕩。

6、The scribes often recycled the parchment that'd been used for earlier manuscripts. ─── 抄寫員經(jīng)常回收早期作為手稿用的羊皮紙。

7、Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye devour widows' houses, and for a pretence make long prayer: therefore ye shall receive the greater damnation. ─── 你們這假冒為善的文士和法利賽人有禍了，因?yàn)槟銈兦滞坦褘D的家產(chǎn)，假意作很長(zhǎng)的禱告，所以要受更重的刑罰）

8、They led Jesus away to the high priest; and all the chief priests and the elders and the scribes gathered together. ─── 他們把耶穌帶到大祭司那里。又有眾祭司長(zhǎng)和長(zhǎng)老并文士，都來(lái)和大祭司一同聚集。

9、The verse also says that Ezra was a ready or diligent scribe - he was fully committed to his work. ─── 以斯拉也是甘心或勤奮的文士-他完全忠于工作。

10、Make a mistake, and a swarm of furious pyjama-clad scribes will pounce. ─── 一旦出錯(cuò)，就會(huì)有一群穿著睡衣橫眉豎眼的寫手沖來(lái)。

11、A famous scribe and priest descendant from Hilkiah the high priest. ─── 一個(gè)出名的文士和大祭司希勒家的后裔。

12、And the scribes which came down from Jerusalem said, He hath Beelzebub, and by the prince of the devils casteth he out devils. ─── 從耶路撒冷下來(lái)的文士說(shuō),他是被別西卜附著。又說(shuō),他是靠著鬼王趕鬼。

13、These served in the days of Joiakim the son of Jeshua, the son of Jozadak, and in the days of Nehemiah the governor and of Ezra the priest and scribe. ─── 尼12:26這都是在約撒達(dá)的孫子耶書(shū)亞的兒子約雅金、和省長(zhǎng)尼希米、并祭司文士以斯拉的時(shí)候、有職任的。

14、And the scribes who came down from Jerusalem, said, He has Beelzebub, and, By the ruler of evil spirits he sends evil spirits out of men. ─── 從耶路撒冷下來(lái)的文士說(shuō)、他是被別西卜附著．又說(shuō)、他是靠著鬼王趕鬼。

15、And the chief priests and the scribes were seeking a way to seize Him by craftiness and kill Him, Hari raya Paskah dan hari raya Roti Tidak Beragi akan mulai dua hari lagi. ─── 14:1 過(guò)兩天是逾越節(jié)和除酵節(jié)。祭司長(zhǎng)和經(jīng)學(xué)家，設(shè)法怎樣用詭計(jì)拿住耶穌，把祂殺了， Now the Passover and the Feast of Unleavened Bread were two days away.

16、But not by scribes. ─── 但不是由抄寫員。

17、The librarian of ancient Egypt was often of high political position or trained in other professions besides that of scribe. ─── 古代埃及的圖書(shū)館員往往在政治上居于高位，除受文官教育外，還受過(guò)其它專業(yè)的訓(xùn)練。

18、These were in the days of Joacim the son of Josue, the son of Josedec, and in the days of Nehemias the governor, and of Esdras the priest and scribe. ─── 以上都是約匝達(dá)克的孫子，耶叔亞的兒子約雅金時(shí)代和乃赫米雅省長(zhǎng)，及厄斯德拉司祭兼經(jīng)師時(shí)代的人。

19、The Inca scribes (known as armantus) used the quipu (knotted ropes) to record and store information about the immense holdings of the vast Inca empire. ─── 印加抄寫員們利用結(jié)繩文字記載遼闊印加帝國(guó)大量財(cái)產(chǎn)的資料。

20、At the same time, the Akkadian language replaced Sumerian, which continued to be used by scribes only for monumental inscriptions and religious literature. ─── 在同一時(shí)期，阿卡得語(yǔ)取代了蘇美爾語(yǔ)，而蘇美爾語(yǔ)繼續(xù)被抄寫員使用，只作為紀(jì)念物的題字和宗教文獻(xiàn)的語(yǔ)言。

21、Then Shaphan the scribe said to the king, Hilkiah the priest has given me a book; and he was reading it before the king. ─── 書(shū)記沙番又對(duì)王說(shuō)，祭司希勒家遞給我一卷書(shū)。沙番就在王面前讀那書(shū)。

22、He was the patron spirit of the later scribes, to whom they regularly poured out a libation from the water-jug of their writing outfit before beginning their work. ─── 他是之后的書(shū)記官的精神領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，讓他們?cè)诠ぷ髦岸〞r(shí)地先從一壇酒里倒出一杯奠祭用的酒來(lái)給他?！?/p>

23、And the scribes who came down from Jerusalem, said, He has Beelzebub , and, By the ruler of evil spirits he sends evil spirits out of men. ─── 從耶路撒冷下來(lái)的文士說(shuō)、他是被別西卜附著.又說(shuō)、他是靠著鬼王趕鬼。

24、Like a ball point pen, the retractable Tungsten Carbide tip is always handy to scribe on glass, ceramics and plastics. ─── 可在玻璃、塑膠等材料上寫字、刻劃。形狀如原子筆，攜帶方便，隨時(shí)取用。英文簡(jiǎn)述：

25、IC had a scribe working on details, recording actions, etc. ─── 事故指揮有一書(shū)記處理細(xì)節(jié)，并記錄所有措施等等。

26、Likewise also the chief priests with the scribes mocked Him with one another and said, He saved others; Himself He cannot save. ─── 祭司長(zhǎng)和經(jīng)學(xué)家也是這樣戲弄他，彼此說(shuō)，他救了別人，不能救自己。

27、A good memory is no match for a good scribe. ─── 好的記憶不如好的書(shū)記。

28、A saw encrusted with the same sawdust that I picked up in the scriptorium. So the scribe sabotaged the shelf that fell on Philibert. ─── 一把沾滿了同我在寫字間采集的鋸屑相同的鋸屑的鋸子。所以是教士破壞了那個(gè)壓住菲利布特的書(shū)架的。

29、A curse is on you, scribes and Pharisees, false ones! ─── 你們這假冒為善的文士和法利賽人有禍了！

30、The notes of the Queen's scribe are succinct, but they could put me on a trail. Take the time to examine them. ─── 女王抄寫員的筆記很簡(jiǎn)單,但它們能帶來(lái)一點(diǎn)線索.我要花點(diǎn)時(shí)間分析它們.

31、Mt. 8:19 And a scribe came near and said to Him, Teacher, I will follow You wherever You go. ─── 太八19有一個(gè)經(jīng)學(xué)家進(jìn)前來(lái)，對(duì)他說(shuō)，夫子，你無(wú)論往那里去，我都要跟從你。

32、And the chief priests and the scribes were seeking a way to do away with Him, for they feared the people. ─── 祭司長(zhǎng)和經(jīng)學(xué)家設(shè)法怎樣才能除掉耶穌，因?yàn)樗麄儜峙掳傩铡?/p>

33、The X-ray imaging showed its contents, including the name of the scribe who overwrote the parchment with religious text. ─── X-射線成像技術(shù)顯示出它的內(nèi)容，包括在手稿上復(fù)寫經(jīng)文的抄寫員的名字。

34、KJV] And Hilkiah the high priest said unto Shaphan the scribe, I have found the book of the law in the house of the LORD. ─── [新譯]希勒家大祭司對(duì)書(shū)記沙番說(shuō)：“我在耶和華的殿里找到了一卷律法書(shū)。

35、He immediately called a meeting of all high-ranking priests and the scribes, and asked them where the Messiah was to be born. ─── 他召集了所有的司祭長(zhǎng)和以色列經(jīng)師，要他們把默西亞出生的地方確切地指出來(lái)，

36、And they stirred up the people and the elders and the scribes, and they came upon him and seized him and led him to the Sanhedrin. ─── 12并且他們聳動(dòng)了百姓、長(zhǎng)老和經(jīng)學(xué)家，他們就忽然來(lái)捉住他，把他帶到議會(huì)去，

37、Did you find anything peculiar among the affairs of the scribe who died yesterday? ─── 關(guān)于昨天死的教士，你還發(fā)現(xiàn)什么奇怪的東西嗎？

38、Scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For ye make clean the outside of the cup and of the platter, but within they are full of extortion and excess. ─── 你們這假冒為善的文士和法利賽人有禍了。因?yàn)槟銈兿磧舯P的外面,里面卻盛滿了勒索和放蕩。

39、For he taught them as one having authority, and not as the scribes. ─── 因?yàn)樗逃?xùn)他們、正像有權(quán)柄的人、不像他們的文士。

40、And those who seized Jesus led Him away to Caiaphas the high priest, where the scribes and the elders had gathered. ─── 57捉拿耶穌的人，就把祂帶到大祭司該亞法那里去；經(jīng)學(xué)家和長(zhǎng)老已經(jīng)在那里聚集。

41、Mt. 9:3 And behold, some of the scribes said within themselves, This man blasphemes. ─── 太九3竟有幾個(gè)經(jīng)學(xué)家心里說(shuō)，這個(gè)人說(shuō)僭妄的話了。

42、He worked in a room divided by a curtain, dictating to a scribe who never saw the plates. ─── 他在一個(gè)只有一扇門的屋子里，向一名抄寫員口述翻譯，而這名抄寫員從未見(jiàn)過(guò)這些盤子。

43、Along with medicine, he was also a patron of architects, knowledge and scribes. ─── 不只是醫(yī)學(xué)，他也是建筑師之父，知識(shí)和書(shū)記官。

44、The scribe is a sedentary worker. ─── 作家工作時(shí)需要久坐。

45、And He called out to the man clothed in linen, who had the scribe's inkhorn by his side. ─── 祂將那身穿細(xì)麻衣、腰間帶著書(shū)記墨盒子的人召來(lái)。

46、Mk 7:1 Then came together unto him the Pharisees, and certain of the scribes, which came from Jerusalem. ─── 可7:1有法利賽人和幾個(gè)文士從耶路撒冷來(lái)，到耶穌那里聚集。

47、Why did the scribes and elders ask Jesus who gave him authority? ─── 為什么文士和長(zhǎng)老問(wèn)耶穌他是從那里得到的權(quán)柄?

48、And they were astonished at his doctrine: for he taught them as one that had authority, and not as the scribes. ─── 眾人很希奇他的教訓(xùn)．因?yàn)樗逃?xùn)他們、正像有權(quán)柄的人、不像文士。

49、Reading further in Ezra 7v6 we find that Ezra was also a scribe. ─── 以斯拉記7章6節(jié)還介紹說(shuō)以斯拉是個(gè)文士。

50、And the scribes which came down from Jerusalem said， He hath Beelzebub， and by the prince of the devils casteth he out devils. ─── 22從耶路撒冷下來(lái)的文士說(shuō)，他是被別西卜附著。又說(shuō)，他是靠著鬼王趕鬼。

51、And Hilkiah the high priest said unto Shaphan the scribe, I have found the book of the law in the house of the LORD. ─── 大祭司希勒家對(duì)書(shū)記沙番說(shuō)，我在耶和華殿里得了律法書(shū)。

52、She said I could help the scribe with his writing - but not right away, because I still needed more practice with my handwriting. ─── 她叫我?guī)椭鷷?shū)記員寫寫字，可是不必馬上就這么辦，因?yàn)槲业淖诌€需要練習(xí)。

53、Thine heart shall meditate terror. Where is the scribe? where is the receiver? where is he that counted the towers? ─── 你的心必思想那驚嚇的事，自問(wèn)說(shuō)，記數(shù)目的在那里呢。平貢銀的在那里呢。數(shù)戍樓的在那里呢。

54、Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! ─── 你們這假冒為善的文士和法利賽人有禍了。

55、The skeptical scribes soon uncover a nefarious plot to make look-alike android copies of the esteemed folk in their group, and use these impostors to do their bidding. ─── 多疑的作家不久揭穿了制造團(tuán)里顯貴人物的機(jī)器人副本，并由偽冒者代他們?cè)谌祟愂澜绨l(fā)號(hào)施令的邪惡計(jì)劃。

56、Mk 2:16 And when the scribes and Pharisees saw him eat with publicans and sinners, they said unto his disciples, How is it that he eateth and drinketh with publicans and sinners? ─── 可2:16法利賽人中的文士（注：有古卷作"文士和法利賽人"）看見(jiàn)耶穌和罪人并稅吏一同吃飯，就對(duì)他門徒說(shuō)："他和稅吏并罪人一同吃喝嗎？"

57、Like a ball point pen, the reractable Tungsten Carbide tip is always handy to scribe on glass, ceramics and plastic. ─── 可在玻璃、塑膠等材料上刻寫字劃形狀如原子筆、攜帶方便，隨時(shí)取用。

58、For it is here that I, Thoth the scribe, write many of the storylines as dictated to me by the souls. ─── 因?yàn)榫褪窃谶@里，透特抄寫員書(shū)寫了許多故事情節(jié)如同靈魂向我口述的那樣。

59、As we examine ancient manuscripts, we become impressed with the calligraphy of the scribes. ─── 在我們審視古人的手寫本時(shí),深感抄寫人的書(shū)法之美。

60、Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you cleanse the outside of the cup and the dish, but inwardly they are full of extortion and self-indulgence. ─── 假冒為善的經(jīng)學(xué)家和法利賽人,你們有禍了!因?yàn)槟銈儩崈舯P的外面,里面卻盛滿了勒索和放蕩。

61、Well? No. We'd chatted a bit when we walked. He was pious and cultivated, your classic monk scribe, nothing unexpected. ─── 不熟。我們?cè)谏⒉綍r(shí)有過(guò)傾聊。他信誠(chéng)而文雅，一流的修士抄寫員，你意想得到。

62、And his disciples, questioning him, said, Why then do the scribes say that Elijah has to come first? ─── 參照例句：門徒就問(wèn)他：“那麼經(jīng)學(xué)家為甚麼說(shuō)，以利亞必須先來(lái)呢？”

63、Queen Catherine's scribe is dead as well. ─── 凱瑟琳太后的抄寫員也死了。

64、I found a sheet hidden in the missal belonging to the dead scribe. ─── 在教士的彌撒書(shū)中發(fā)現(xiàn)了一頁(yè)紙。

65、Dade million nine-year (1305) to the road for Jinning Pingyang Road, scribe the state of Kyrgyzstan. ─── 元大德九年(1305)改平陽(yáng)路為晉寧路,吉州隸之。

66、And they were astounded at His teaching, for He taught them as One having authority and not like the scribes. ─── 眾人都驚訝他的教訓(xùn),因?yàn)樗逃?xùn)他們,像有權(quán)柄的人,不像經(jīng)學(xué)家。

67、His response was to start praying to the Scribe Virgin in the Old Language. ─── 他的回答是用古語(yǔ)開(kāi)始向銘圣母獻(xiàn)上祈禱。

68、Mk. 1:22 And they were astounded at His teaching, for He taught them as One having authority and not like the scribes. ─── 可一22眾人都驚訝他的教訓(xùn)，因?yàn)樗逃?xùn)他們，像有權(quán)柄的人，不像經(jīng)學(xué)家。

69、Enoch was the first to invent books and writing, much like Thoth the scribe. ─── 以諾是第一位發(fā)明書(shū)本和書(shū)寫，很像抄寫員透特。

70、Scribes would pour a couple of drops of water in libation to him before beginning to write. ─── 因?yàn)樗@樣的杰出，所以在他死后被古埃及人奉為神，受到永世的供奉。

71、He would often dictate the text from memory for his Chinese scribes to put down in Chinese characters. ─── 他常常能從抄寫員口中聽(tīng)到經(jīng)書(shū)原文，然后憑記憶譯為漢字。

72、I抣l pass it on to the scribes straight away so that the workshop can start on your presents. ─── 余抣升傳遞到文士立刻使講習(xí)班就可以開(kāi)始在您的禮物。

73、KJV] Artaxerxes, king of kings, unto Ezra the priest, a scribe of the law of the God of heaven, perfect peace, and at such a time. ─── [新譯]“諸王之王亞達(dá)薛西賜諭旨給以斯拉祭司，精通天上神律法的經(jīng)學(xué)家，愿你平安。

74、They have to be written to show that the scribe understands the material. ─── 它們應(yīng)該寫成被做筆記者所理解的形式。

75、And they asked Him, saying, Why do the scribes say that Elijah must come first? ─── 他們就問(wèn)耶穌說(shuō),經(jīng)學(xué)家為什么說(shuō),以利亞必須先來(lái)?

76、Then Hilkiah the high priest said to Shaphan the scribe, I have found the book of the law in the house of Jehovah. ─── 8大祭司希勒家對(duì)書(shū)記沙番說(shuō)，我在耶和華殿里得了律法書(shū)。

77、Students will be asked to scribe lecture notes. ─── 學(xué)生將被要求記課堂筆記。

78、Sadly the attitude of the scribes and Pharisees caused them to reject this opportunity. ─── 令人難過(guò)的是，文士和法利賽人的態(tài)度使他們拒絕這機(jī)會(huì)。

79、Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites!for ye compass sea and land to make one proselyte, and when he is made, ye make him twofold more the child of hell than yourselves. ─── 你們這假冒為善的文士和法利賽人有禍了．因?yàn)槟銈冏弑檠蠛ｊ懙亍⒐匆粋€(gè)人入教．既入了教、卻使他作地獄之子、比你們還加倍。

80、If original clutch cover will be reinstalled, mark position of cover on flywheel for assembly referencUse paint or scribe for this purpose. ─── 如果安裝原來(lái)的離合器蓋板，在飛輪上標(biāo)記蓋板的位置，以便于參考。用油漆或劃線來(lái)完成此工作。

81、It was as a wise man and scribe that Imhotep was first honored as a god.In theNew Kingdomwas was venerated as the patron of scribes. ─── 室一探究竟，你得先找到金字塔的入口，然后深入地底，走過(guò)層層迷宮才能到達(dá)。

82、Then some of the scribes and Pharisees answered Him, saying, Teacher, we want to see a sign from You. ─── 當(dāng)時(shí)有幾個(gè)經(jīng)學(xué)家和法利賽人應(yīng)聲對(duì)耶穌說(shuō)，夫子，我們?cè)敢饽泔@個(gè)神跡給我們看。

83、And they led Jesus away to the high priest: and with him were assembled all the chief priests and the elders and the scribes. ─── 他們把耶穌帶到大祭司那里．又有眾祭司長(zhǎng)和長(zhǎng)老并文士、都來(lái)和大祭司一同聚集。

84、His fictitious musings are made fact by the status of their infernal scribe, while their reportage is a reminder of Mr Mailer's own journalistic roots. ─── 他極富想象力的靈感經(jīng)由這般邪惡的記敘得以實(shí)現(xiàn)，然而這些報(bào)告文學(xué)式的敘述風(fēng)格也暗示出梅勒師出新聞業(yè)的背景。

85、And they asked him, saying, Why say the scribes that Elias must first come? ─── 他們就問(wèn)耶穌說(shuō),文士為什么說(shuō),以利亞必須先來(lái)。

86、To make a rune book, use a scribe's pen and select Other then Runebook. The system will check to make sure you have the necessary components and skill. ─── 制作符石書(shū),使用抄寫筆選擇制作符石書(shū)。系統(tǒng)會(huì)自動(dòng)檢查原料和技能。

87、And they that had laid hold on Jesus led him away to Caiaphas the high priest, where the scribes and the elders were assembled. ─── 大祭司就站起來(lái)、對(duì)耶穌說(shuō)、你甚麼都不回答麼．這些人作見(jiàn)證告你的是甚麼呢。

88、And the families of scribes who were living at Jabez: the Tirathites, the Shimeathites, the Sucathites. ─── 和住雅比斯眾文士家的特拉人，示米押人，蘇甲人。

89、And they led Jesus away to the high priest: and with him were assembled all the chief priests and the elders and the scribes. ─── 他們把耶穌帶到大祭司那里。又有眾祭司長(zhǎng)和長(zhǎng)老并文士，都來(lái)和大祭司一同聚集。

請(qǐng)達(dá)人們幫忙翻譯下面兩句英文句子，并分析下他們的結(jié)構(gòu)，感謝

1、夫往日，抄書(shū)布道者，其職甚微，荒而弗從。但歐陸者言，凡貴德惜才之人，得此職便得其道，勢(shì)文藝之所興，博取之為智哉。

這是第一句話的翻譯。

2、這種觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為，絕大多數(shù)西方國(guó)家的民眾都是文盲。

這是第二句的翻譯。

好，我來(lái)解釋一下為什么我這么翻譯。首先，第一句話，我把它處理為文言文，目的是為了與源語(yǔ)（Source Text）取得表達(dá)意境上的一致，這種一致，在翻譯學(xué)里我們稱之為“文化對(duì)等”，也就是Equivalence in the aspect of culture。句子本身并不難理解，關(guān)鍵是對(duì)句式的重新編排與理解，這種理解，是建立在對(duì)源語(yǔ)的文化內(nèi)涵（Connotation）的把握的基礎(chǔ)上的。譯語(yǔ)，我也是最大程度地尋求文言文的韻律之美和句勢(shì)的工整對(duì)仗，但這一切都是以將原文的logicality（邏輯）最大化呈現(xiàn)為前提的。

第二句，這句的attitude其實(shí)是一種perspective，而非態(tài)度。

PS：本人乃廣東外語(yǔ)外貿(mào)大學(xué)高級(jí)翻譯學(xué)院2012級(jí)翻譯學(xué)研究生。目前在一所高校教授基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)和公共外語(yǔ)?？梢运搅模?* 553217067，交流翻譯心得。謝謝！希望你能采納！

請(qǐng)達(dá)人們幫忙翻譯下面兩句英文句子，并分析下他們的結(jié)構(gòu)，感謝

譯文：

1 在歐洲的文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期，讀書(shū)被視作文明的標(biāo)志，所以讀書(shū)被視為是文明個(gè)人所必需具備的素質(zhì)之一，而過(guò)去曾把讀書(shū)看作是只有抄書(shū)吏和牧師才會(huì)去做的卑賤工作。

2 正是這種態(tài)度使得絕大多數(shù)西方國(guó)家的大批民眾深陷文盲的沼澤之地。

講解：

1 not the mark of civilization ... 而不是文明的標(biāo)志。。。

2 swath: n. (1) the space created by the swing of a scythe or the cut of a mowing machine

(2) a path or strip (as cut by one course of mowing)