duchy是什么意思,duchy中文翻譯,duchy發(fā)音、用法及例句
?duchy
duchy發(fā)音
英:['d?t??] 美:[?d?t??]
英: 美:
duchy中文意思翻譯
n.公爵領(lǐng)地, 公國(guó)
duchy詞形變化
名詞復(fù)數(shù): duchies |
duchy常見(jiàn)例句
1 、"Bavaria:a region and former duchy of southern Germany. Conquered by the Romans in 15 b.c., the region became one of the five preeminent duchies of medieval Germany but was later overrun and ruled by numerous factions and powers."───巴伐利亞州:德國(guó)南部的一地區(qū),原為公爵領(lǐng)地。于公元前15年被羅馬人占領(lǐng),這個(gè)地方成了中世紀(jì)德國(guó)的五個(gè)有權(quán)勢(shì)的公爵領(lǐng)地,但是后來(lái)被許多勢(shì)力和政權(quán)占領(lǐng)和統(tǒng)治。
2 、A city of northeast France east of Paris. The capital of the duchy and region of Lorraine, the city passed to France in1766. It was heavily bombed in World War II. Population, 96, 317.───南錫法國(guó)東北部一城市,位于巴黎東部。公爵領(lǐng)地和洛雷恩地區(qū)的首府,該城于1766年移交法國(guó)。在二戰(zhàn)中遭受猛烈的轟炸。人口96,317
3 、Bulgarian Duchy───保加利亞公國(guó)
4 、A spokeswoman for Charless household, Clarence House, saidthatthe Duchy of Cornwalls accounts were already subject torigorousscrutiny by the Treasury and an independent auditor.───英國(guó)下議院公共賬目委員會(huì)已向英國(guó)財(cái)政部提交質(zhì)疑報(bào)告,詢問(wèn)蘭開斯特公爵領(lǐng)地和康沃爾公爵領(lǐng)地為何不受英國(guó)稅法的限制。
5 、Prince, Archduke, Duke, Emir Principality, Archduchy, Duchy,───公(大公、親王、酋長(zhǎng))公國(guó)(大公國(guó)、親王國(guó)、酋長(zhǎng)國(guó))
6 、A region and former duchy of north-central Germany. Established in the 13th century, the duchy became independent in 1918 before joining the Weimar Republic.───不倫瑞克:德國(guó)中部偏北的一地區(qū),原為領(lǐng)地。建于13世紀(jì),1918年獨(dú)立后即加入魏瑪共和國(guó)
7 、Duchy of Warsaw───華沙公國(guó)
8 、a region and former duchy of southern Germany. Conquered by the Romans in 15 b.c.,the region became one of the five preeminent duchies of medieval Germany but was later overrun and ruled by numerous factions and powers───巴伐利亞州,德國(guó)南部的一地區(qū),原為公爵領(lǐng)地。于公元前15年被羅馬人占領(lǐng),這個(gè)地方成了中世紀(jì)德國(guó)的五個(gè)有權(quán)勢(shì)的公爵領(lǐng)地,但是后來(lái)被許多勢(shì)力和政權(quán)占領(lǐng)和統(tǒng)治
9 、Giovanni was once a minor count of the Bull Duchy, but too far removed from the ruling line to hope for a position of importance.───理想主義者,忠于自己的價(jià)值觀及自己所重視的人。外在的生活與內(nèi)在的價(jià)值觀配合,有好奇心,很快看到事情的可能與否,能夠加速對(duì)理念的實(shí)踐。
10 、A historical region and former province of central France. Purchased by the French crown in1101, it became an independent duchy in1360 and reverted to the crown in1601.───貝里位于法國(guó)中部的有歷史意義的地區(qū)和舊時(shí)的一個(gè)省,1101年被法國(guó)王室所買,1360年成為一獨(dú)立的公爵領(lǐng)地,1601年重歸王室所有
11 、a grand duchy (a constitutional monarchy) in northwestern Europe between France and Belgium and Germany; an international financial center.───歐洲西北部的一個(gè)大公國(guó),君主立憲制,位于法國(guó)、比利時(shí)和德國(guó)之間;一個(gè)國(guó)際金融中心。
12 、The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg───盧森堡茶社
13 、Eleanor inherited the Duchy of Aquitaine and Poitiers after her father’s death when she was only 15.───父親去逝時(shí),埃莉諾年僅十五歲,她繼承了父親的阿奎丹和普瓦捷的公爵領(lǐng)地;
14 、Valeria's is the eldest child of Lord Fulbert of the Wolf Duchy.───瓦蕾莉婭是灰狼公爵弗爾博特的長(zhǎng)女。
15 、The county holding manager keeps 400 for member salaries and sends the remaining 1600 Goths to the duchy holding manager, and so on until the kingdom holding manager is reached.───縣舉辦保持400會(huì)員經(jīng)理薪金,派其余的1600哥特公爵控股經(jīng)理等等,直到達(dá)成經(jīng)理王國(guó)控股。
16 、The position of Duchy of Moscow was improved in Russ, It successfully overthrow the ruling of Mongolia by the supporting of the church.───教會(huì)對(duì)莫斯科王公的支持,提升了莫斯科公國(guó)在羅斯國(guó)家的地位,并成功地推翻了蒙古的統(tǒng)治。
17 、In 1358 Schwerin became a part of the Duchy of Mecklenburg, making it the seat of the dukedom from then on.───1358年,什未林成為梅克倫堡公國(guó)的一部分,并從那時(shí)起就成為該公國(guó)的都城。
18 、Thus, the duchy holding manager has less money for salaries, and also gives less to the kingdom holding manager.───因此,經(jīng)理人持有公爵少錢薪水,又少王國(guó)控股公司經(jīng)理。
19 、First mentioned in 975, it became the capital of the duchy of Saxe-Weimar in 1547 and developed as the most important cultural center in Germany after the arrival of Goethe in 1775.───最早的有關(guān)它的記載是在975年,1547年成為薩克森-威瑪公爵領(lǐng)地的首府,在1775年哥德到達(dá)后,它逐漸發(fā)展成為德國(guó)最重要的文化中心。
20 、A woman holding title to a duchy in her own right.───女公爵本人享有公爵稱號(hào)的女人
21 、Finally, Camilla shelled out 28.49 pounds for a basketful of groceries from her husband's Duchy Originals brand.───最后,卡米拉在維特羅斯超市查爾斯王子的有機(jī)食品品牌“公爵原作”區(qū)買了滿滿一籃子的食品雜貨,消費(fèi)28.49英鎊。
22 、a historical region and former province of central France,so called because of its location as a northern border fief of the duchy of Aquitaine; it became part of the French crown lands in 1531───法國(guó)歷史上中部的一個(gè)地區(qū),是一個(gè)以前的省份,它這么叫是因?yàn)樗前⒒┒鞴纛I(lǐng)地中北部邊界的一塊封地,它于1531年成為法國(guó)王室土地的一部分
23 、One of the smallest countries in Europe, today it is the world's only Grand Duchy.───她是歐洲幾個(gè)蕞薾小國(guó)之一,如今是世界上唯一的公國(guó)。
24 、Braunschweig is a region and former duchy of north-central Germany. Established in the13th century,the duchy became independent in 1918 before joining the Weimar Republic.───不倫瑞克是德國(guó)中部偏北的一地區(qū),原為領(lǐng)地,建于13世紀(jì),1918年獨(dú)立后即加入魏瑪共和國(guó)。
25 、On the third and final day the debate was led off by the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, Mr. Harold Lever.───第三天和最后一天的辯論,均由蘭開斯特公爵郡大臣哈羅德、利弗先生挑起。
26 、A region and former duchy of southern Germany. Conquered by the Romans in15 b.c., the region became one of the five preeminent duchies of medieval Germany but was later overrun and ruled by numerous factions and powers.───巴伐利亞州德國(guó)南部的一地區(qū),原為公爵領(lǐng)地。于公元前15年被羅馬人占領(lǐng),這個(gè)地方成了中世紀(jì)德國(guó)的五個(gè)有權(quán)勢(shì)的公爵領(lǐng)地,但是后來(lái)被許多勢(shì)力和政權(quán)占領(lǐng)和統(tǒng)治
27 、The originally Duchy was the eastern marches of the Holy Roman Empire (the Ostmark), and the defensive importance of Austria to the rest of Europe is immense.───最初的奧地利公國(guó)領(lǐng)地是神圣羅馬帝國(guó)向東的延伸,但對(duì)于身后的歐洲卻有著無(wú)法估量的防御意義。
28 、the Duchy of Cornwall───康沃爾公爵的領(lǐng)地
29 、Ornella must enter the Bull Duchy and find Giovanni's hideouts.───歐尼拉必須進(jìn)入公牛公國(guó)并找到喬瓦尼部隊(duì)的藏身之所。
30 、A region and former duchy of north-central Germany. Established in the13th century, the duchy became independent in1918 before joining the Weimar Republic.───不倫瑞克德國(guó)中部偏北的一地區(qū),原為領(lǐng)地。建于13世紀(jì),1918年獨(dú)立后即加入魏瑪共和國(guó)
31 、Grand Duchy of Lithuania───立陶宛大公國(guó)
32 、In the Middle Ages it was ruled in succession by the Kievan Rus, the Golden Horde, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Crimean Khanate and the Ottoman Empire.───在歐洲中世紀(jì)(十三至十六世紀(jì)),敖德薩相繼被基輔大公國(guó)、金帳大汗國(guó)、立陶宛大公國(guó)、克里米亞大汗國(guó)和土耳其帝國(guó)所統(tǒng)治。
33 、grand duchy───n. 大公國(guó)
34 、So called because of its location as a northern border fief of the duchy of Aquitaine,it became part of the French crown lands in1531.───它這么叫是因?yàn)樗前⒒┒鞴纛I(lǐng)地中北部邊界的一塊封地。
35 、You will be able to siege in SoG. A castle is important since it represents the political influence of the barony, therefore of the county, the duchy and the realm───可以攻城,而且非常關(guān)鍵,絕對(duì)有影響力
36 、1. Henry VIII decided to dispark the Duchy parks and turn them more profitably into pasture.───亨利八世決定開放若干公爵獵園,把它們改作更加有益的牧場(chǎng)。
37 、a woman holding title to a duchy in her own right───本人享有公爵稱號(hào)的女人
38 、Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster───蘭開斯特公爵郡大臣
39 、Franconian dynasty ruling the margraviate (97'-5') and duchy (5'-24') of Austria.───巴本貝格:統(tǒng)治奧地利總督領(lǐng)地(97'-5'年)和公爵領(lǐng)地(5'-24'年)的弗蘭哥尼王朝
40 、Mr Curtis, who has worked for the Duchy for 27 years, said: "In consultation with local people, we produced a masterplan to renovate the buildings so we could restore the estate to its former glory.───然而種種跡象表明,哈伍德-恩德莊園將成為英國(guó)王室重要成員的住所。這座宅邸比周圍的房屋的規(guī)模龐大;
41 、5 barons per county, 3 counts per duchy, 3 dukes per kingdom, and one king.───每個(gè)伯爵領(lǐng)地有5個(gè)男爵;每個(gè)公爵領(lǐng)地有3個(gè)伯爵,每個(gè)王國(guó)有3個(gè)公爵和一個(gè)國(guó)王.
42 、The earliest compulsory education law on the world was 1619 the school law that duchy of Ma of German the Kingdom of Wei announces.───世界上最早的義務(wù)教育法令是1619年德國(guó)魏瑪公國(guó)公布的學(xué)校法令。
43 、a grand duchy (a constitutional monarchy) in northwestern Europe between France and Belgium and Germany; an international financial center───歐洲西北部的一個(gè)大公國(guó),君主立憲制,位于法國(guó)、比利時(shí)和德國(guó)之間;一個(gè)國(guó)際金融中心
44 、A sovereign prince who rules an independent duchy in some European countries.───公,君主:某些歐洲國(guó)家統(tǒng)治獨(dú)立公國(guó)的國(guó)君。
45 、Finland until 1809 or subordinate to Sweden, and after 1917 have been to Finland is the Grand Duchy of tsarist Russia.───直到1809年芬蘭還是從屬于瑞典的,而之后一直到1917年芬蘭則是沙俄的大公國(guó)。
46 、A historical region and former province of central France. Purchased by the French crown in 1101, it became an independent duchy in 1360 and reverted to the crown in 1601.───貝里:位于法國(guó)中部的有歷史意義的地區(qū)和舊時(shí)的一個(gè)省,1101年被法國(guó)王室所買,1360年成為一獨(dú)立的公爵領(lǐng)地,1601年重歸王室所有。
47 、Royal fans can now sign up for free email updates on everything from Princes William and Harry to Duchy Originals.───現(xiàn)在,英王室的追星族們還可以參與為網(wǎng)站更新有關(guān)威廉和哈??等王室成員的所有新聞。
48 、Ylaya: Reflect, Wulfstan, on where we find ourselves. Duncan's once-proud duchy laid to waste, Freyda still unwanted in her home, and you shall be accused of regicide.───伊拉婭:,沃爾夫斯坦,仔細(xì)想想吧,我們到哪才能找到自我。鄧肯值得驕傲的領(lǐng)地現(xiàn)在荒廢了,法蕾妲仍然不被她的族人所歡迎。而你,會(huì)因弒君罪而被指控。
49 、Mordvinian Duchy───摩爾多瓦公國(guó)
50 、Walachian Duchy───瓦拉幾亞公國(guó)
51 、Chinese Embassy in The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg───中華人民共和國(guó)駐盧森堡大使館
52 、The regions of the right-hand side are Apulia (though not all of it), Rome, the Duchy, Tuscany, and the Genoese Marches;───右手邊是阿普利亞(盡管不是全部)、羅馬、公爵領(lǐng)地、托斯卡尼和熱那亞的馬爾凱;
53 、The Prince checks out how well his Duchy Original Cumberland sausages are displayed.───查爾斯王子仔細(xì)檢查他的有機(jī)食品品牌“公爵原創(chuàng)”的坎特伯蘭香腸。
54 、However, he was blamed for the failure at the Dardanelles Campaign in 1915 and was moved to the post of Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster.───他到處發(fā)表演說(shuō),揭露戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的危險(xiǎn)。他的演說(shuō)滔滔雄辯,警句迭出,被公認(rèn)為出類拔萃的大演說(shuō)家。
55 、A woman holding title to a duchy in her own right .───憑本身的頭銜持有子爵稱號(hào)的貴婦人。
56 、a sovereign prince who rules an independent duchy in some European countries───某些歐洲國(guó)家統(tǒng)治獨(dú)立公國(guó)的國(guó)君
57 、of or relating to or characteristic of the grand duchy of Luxemburg or its people.───屬于或關(guān)于盧森堡大公國(guó)、或其人民的,或有其特點(diǎn)的。
58 、The papacy acquired the duchy of Benevento in 1077, and Popes Innocent III and Julius II expanded the papal domain.───1077年教廷取得了貝內(nèi)文托公國(guó),接著教宗英諾森三世和尤里烏斯二世擴(kuò)張了教宗的領(lǐng)土。
59 、A region of south-central Italy bordering on the Adriatic Sea. Conquered by the Romans in the4th century b.c., it was ruled by a Lombard duchy from the6th to the11th century a.d.───莫利塞意大利中南部的一個(gè)地區(qū),位于亞得里亞海沿岸。公元前4世紀(jì)被羅馬人征服,公元6世紀(jì)至11世紀(jì)由倫巴族公國(guó)統(tǒng)治
60 、In 052 Gascony passed to the duchy of Aquitaine, and after serving as a major battlefield during the Hundred Years` War, it finally became part of the French royal domain in '07.───來(lái)自比利牛斯山南部的一支新的巴斯克人侵略者在公元后'世紀(jì)建立了維斯可尼亞公國(guó)。
61 、Do you see a future Prime Minister who shops at Paul Smith and dunks Duchy Originals into Lapsang Souchong?Opt for Hugo.───你想象一個(gè)在保羅史密斯購(gòu)物,喝拉普山小種沖泡的原裝公爵的未來(lái)的首相嗎?選擇雨果。
62 、Events can occur in a county, a duchy or a kingdom, and make nobles lose or gain points.───伯爵領(lǐng)地,公爵領(lǐng)地以及王國(guó)都會(huì)發(fā)生事變,導(dǎo)致貴族失去或者獲得聲望值。
63 、of or relating to or characteristic of the grand duchy of Luxemburg or its people───屬于或關(guān)于盧森堡大公國(guó)、或其人民的,或有其特點(diǎn)的
64 、- Some people want Copper, Estate, and Duchy to be more relevant.───-有些人希望有更多的防守牌,每個(gè)擴(kuò)充基本都會(huì)僅有一個(gè)防守牌。
65 、The capital of the duchy and region of Lorraine,the city passed to France in1766.───公爵領(lǐng)地和洛雷恩地區(qū)的首府,該城于1766年移交法國(guó)。
66 、After the Carolingian decline, it became a powerful feudal duchy, which by the 10th century controlled much of France south of the Loire.───加洛林王朝沒(méi)落后,亞奎丹在10世紀(jì)時(shí)成為一強(qiáng)盛的公爵領(lǐng)地,控制了法國(guó)南部的羅亞爾河流域。
67 、Wulfstan: Hah. Next time you need a duchy saved, I'll make sure I'm drunk and sleeping.───沃爾夫斯坦:嘿。下一次戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí),你要保全好你公爵的地位,而我要確保我喝得酩酊大醉,睡得天昏地暗。
68 、It was a provincial capital of marginal importance in the outskirts of the territories controlled by its powerful neighbors: first the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, followed by Poland and Russia.───基輔曾先后被強(qiáng)鄰立陶宛大公、波蘭和俄羅斯占領(lǐng)。
69 、Czech Duchy───捷克公國(guó)
70 、In 1987 awarded the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg to accept the Order of the Crown.───1987年接受盧森堡大公授予的皇冠勛章。
71 、9.A region and former duchy of central Germany north and east of the Main and Rhine rivers.───拿騷一個(gè)地區(qū),從前為中德的領(lǐng)地,位于美因河和萊茵河的北部和東部。
72 、The capital of the duchy and region of Lorraine, the city passed to France in 7''.───公爵領(lǐng)地和洛雷恩地區(qū)的首府,該城于7''年移交法國(guó)。
73 、the Grand Duchy of Luxemburg───盧森堡大公國(guó)
74 、Chamber of Commerce of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg───盧森堡工商會(huì)
75 、Created as a duchy in 1354, it was ruled from 1443 to 1839 by Burgundy, Spain, Austria, France, and the Netherlands successively.───從1443年到1839年先后被勃艮第、西班牙、奧地利、法國(guó)和荷蘭統(tǒng)治。
76 、A region and former duchy of north-central Germany. Established in the 3th century, the duchy became independent in 98 before joining the Weimar Republic.───不倫瑞克:德國(guó)中部偏北的一地區(qū),原為領(lǐng)地。建于3世紀(jì),98年獨(dú)立后即加入魏瑪共和國(guó)
77 、When Sigismund I succeeded Alexander in 1506, he strengthened the government and saw the Teutonic Order convert its lands into the secular Duchy of Prussia (1525), a Polish fief.───1506年西格蒙德一世繼承亞歷山大之位時(shí),他加強(qiáng)政治管理,并使條頓騎士團(tuán)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槭浪椎钠蒸斒抗纛I(lǐng)地(1525),且成為波蘭的封地。
78 、A light duchy is made of three counties, but one of them is fully controlled by dark holding managers.───公爵輕了三個(gè)縣,但其中一人持完全控制的黑暗管理者。
79 、A historical region and former duchy of north - central Germany around which the kingdom of Prussia developed.The region is now divided between Poland and Germany.───勃蘭登堡歷史上的宗教領(lǐng)地和原公爵領(lǐng)地,位于德國(guó)中北部,普魯士王國(guó)在其周圍發(fā)展起來(lái)。該地區(qū)現(xiàn)被波蘭和德國(guó)分占
80 、1. noun grand duchy ( a European state whose leader is a grand duke ranking between king and duke ) e.g. Luxembourg.───大公國(guó)出現(xiàn)于歐洲中世紀(jì)封建割據(jù)時(shí)期。
81 、Or he wouldn't have turned down the duchy the king offered.─── 不然他就不會(huì)拒絕國(guó)王提出的 公爵領(lǐng)地
莫斯科大公園面積?
莫斯科大公國(guó)(Grand Duchy of Moscow,1283年-1547年)是一個(gè)位于歐洲東部的國(guó)家,13世紀(jì)末期由弗拉基米爾大公國(guó)分封而成,首都莫斯科。
14世紀(jì)開始時(shí),公國(guó)的面積大約為500平方哩,而到15世紀(jì)中葉時(shí),已增長(zhǎng)到15,000平方哩
莫斯科公國(guó)吞并其他諸侯國(guó)的過(guò)程?
莫斯科公國(guó)(英語(yǔ):Grand Duchy of Moscow;1283年—1547年),一個(gè)位于歐洲東部的國(guó)家,是斯拉夫人世代生活的家園,13世紀(jì)末期由弗拉基米爾大公國(guó)分封而成,首都莫斯科。
從14世紀(jì)初起,該公國(guó)陸續(xù)合并四周王公領(lǐng)地,國(guó)勢(shì)漸強(qiáng)。14世紀(jì)20年代后,接受興起于亞洲草原北部的欽察汗國(guó)冊(cè)封,取得代征全俄貢納的權(quán)力,到40年代成為全俄羅斯最強(qiáng)的公國(guó)。
十三世紀(jì)上半葉,由弗拉基米爾公國(guó)分封為莫斯科大公國(guó),十三世紀(jì)末割據(jù)獨(dú)立。
十四世紀(jì)初,國(guó)事日強(qiáng),陸續(xù)合并周圍公國(guó)。
1328年,莫斯科大公伊凡一世(錢袋)獲得替蒙古人征稅的權(quán)利,依靠金錢、蒙古人和教會(huì)的支持,擊敗勁敵特維爾大公國(guó),取得弗拉基米爾大公稱號(hào),開始領(lǐng)導(dǎo)羅斯諸侯。
到德米特里·伊凡諾維奇(1359-1389)在位時(shí),莫斯科公國(guó)達(dá)到極盛時(shí)期,而這時(shí)金帳汗國(guó)卻日益削弱了。德米特里繼續(xù)與鄰近各公國(guó)作戰(zhàn),先后擊退立陶宛和蒙古人的入侵,取得頓斯科伊的稱號(hào)。
但不久脫脫迷失再次突襲莫斯科,被迫再次納貢。
莫斯科大公伊凡三世(1462--1505在位)縱橫于諸國(guó)之間,利用各汗之間的矛盾,極盡所法,逐步兼并其它國(guó)家。
1478年,伊凡三世停止繳納貢賦。
1480年,金帳汗阿合馬率兵討伐。伊凡三世怯陣準(zhǔn)備退卻。在莫斯科市民壓力下,才陳兵烏格拉河,與蒙古軍隔河對(duì)峙(烏格拉河對(duì)峙)。不久形勢(shì)發(fā)生變化。蒙古軍因天寒糧缺,波蘭援軍未到,又聽(tīng)說(shuō)都城薩萊受到克里米亞汗的襲擊,被迫撤兵,伊凡三世不戰(zhàn)而勝。
不久,阿合馬在內(nèi)訌中被殺。這樣,結(jié)束了蒙古人對(duì)俄長(zhǎng)達(dá)240年(1240~1480)的統(tǒng)治。
諾夫哥羅德自古即為羅斯與北歐各國(guó)的貿(mào)易中心,從12世紀(jì)中期起形成自己獨(dú)特的城邦共和制政體,最高權(quán)力機(jī)關(guān)是市民大會(huì)(維徹),決定一應(yīng)大事,選舉各種官吏并推選大主教。實(shí)際掌權(quán)的是貴族會(huì)議,由城市中的大貴族組成,大主教主持。
它也有王公,王公多由維徹邀請(qǐng)其他地區(qū)的王公來(lái)?yè)?dān)任,負(fù)責(zé)防務(wù),統(tǒng)率軍隊(duì),但他必須遵守當(dāng)?shù)毓爬系牧?xí)慣,如果與維徹發(fā)生沖突,則被黜退。諾夫哥羅德共和國(guó)擁有巨大領(lǐng)土,從芬蘭灣一直到烏拉爾山脈。
12世紀(jì)末,瑞典已征服芬蘭部落,占領(lǐng)了芬蘭海。1240年7月,瑞典艦隊(duì)從芬蘭海侵入涅瓦河。諾夫哥羅德王公大敗瑞軍于涅瓦河口。同年,立沃尼亞騎士團(tuán)(又叫日耳曼騎士團(tuán))也侵入羅斯,占領(lǐng)普斯科夫,1242年4月,諾夫哥羅德王公在楚得湖大敗騎士團(tuán),史稱楚德湖戰(zhàn)役,或冰湖之戰(zhàn)。
1456 年,莫斯科大公瓦西里二世(1425--1462 年在位)帶兵討伐諾夫哥羅德。1478年,莫斯科大公伊凡三世(1462--1505 年在位)正式吞并諾夫哥羅德共和國(guó),這是俄羅斯走向中央集權(quán)制國(guó)家的重大步驟。
伊凡三世1472年迎娶了拜占庭末代皇帝侄女索菲婭·帕列奧羅格為后,自認(rèn)為是拜占庭帝國(guó)的正統(tǒng)的皇位繼承人(東羅馬帝國(guó)于1453年被奧斯曼土耳其帝國(guó)所滅)。
伊凡三世的兒子瓦西里三世(1505 --1533 年在位)先后吞并了特維爾公國(guó)、普斯科夫共和國(guó)(俄羅斯-愛(ài)沙尼亞邊境)、梁贊公國(guó),1514年占領(lǐng)立陶宛大公國(guó)的斯摩棱斯克,雖然戰(zhàn)敗于奧爾沙會(huì)戰(zhàn),但仍控制住了斯摩棱斯克。雅羅斯拉夫爾和羅斯托夫自己的法律被廢除,只是在服從莫斯科大公的前提下保留了一點(diǎn)自治權(quán)。
至此,俄羅斯統(tǒng)一國(guó)家基本形成,其疆域北達(dá)白海,南抵奧卡河,西及第聶伯河上游,東至烏拉爾山脈。
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