?metaphysics

metaphysics發(fā)音

英：[?met??f?z?ks]　　美：[?m?t??f?z?ks]

英：　　美：

metaphysics中文意思翻譯

n. 形而上學(xué)；玄學(xué)

metaphysics常見例句

1 、In Kantian philosophy, the branch of metaphysics concerned with the laws of perception.───審美學(xué)康德哲學(xué)中有關(guān)感知規(guī)律的形而上學(xué)分支

2 、He critiqued the traditional meatphysics in epistemology and constructed his moral metaphysics,which helped metaphysics gain its new developing field.───他對傳統(tǒng)形而上學(xué)作了認(rèn)識(shí)論上的批判,并且建立了自己的道德形而上學(xué),這就為形而上學(xué)的發(fā)展?fàn)幍眯碌念I(lǐng)域。

3 、Significantly, it will argue that it is inappropriate to interpret the Laozi and Daoism by the idea of metaphysics of vision-form.───另方面，我們將因之對比地指出牟宗三詮釋系統(tǒng)的特色，并闡明其理據(jù)及限制。

4 、After H, the need for ontology has actually become an invisible precondition of academic exploitation, and thus become profound and dynamic metaphysics question.───在海德格爾之后,人們對本體論的需要,實(shí)際上轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐环N無形的學(xué)術(shù)運(yùn)演前提,它成為一種高深莫測的、態(tài)的玄學(xué)追問。

5 、In order to understand the modern significance of Marxist philosophic transform ,we must firstly master its essence,which is embodied by contrast with the rational metaphysics.───實(shí)踐思維方式的確立是馬克思哲學(xué)區(qū)別和超越傳統(tǒng)哲學(xué)的標(biāo)志,也是馬克思哲學(xué)革命的實(shí)質(zhì)所在。

6 、Yet the borderline between physics and metaphysics is defined by whether a theory is experimentally testable, not by whether it is weird or involves unobservable entities.───可是物理學(xué)與形上學(xué)的界線，并不在于它是否怪異，或是含有觀測不到的物體，而是看它是否能用實(shí)驗(yàn)來測試。

7 、I am thinking very hazily here but my point simply is, wait a minute, it isn't that easy to shoot down dialectics, or metaphysics in general.───不僅如此，我更想問的是，如果世界果真最終都成了“理性”的，這世界一定還是“自由”的嗎？

8 、Its "moral plan" is also in dilemma because of the denial of moral metaphysics, overemphasis on ethical institutionization and the oblivion of virtue ethics.───其“道德謀劃”也因?qū)Φ赖滦味蠈W(xué)的拒斥、對倫理制度化的過分鐘情、對美德倫理的遺忘而陷入困境。

9 、From the point of view that is opposite to metaphysics, what prevented him from publishing his works?───從“形而下”的角度，阻礙他發(fā)表作品的原因到底有哪些?

10 、She was interested in the politics of totalitarianism, but she was also interested in the metaphysics, in totalitarianism as a mode of being in the world.───她對極權(quán)主義政治學(xué)感興趣，但在將極權(quán)主義視為世界的一種存在模式上，她同樣也對形而上學(xué)產(chǎn)生了興趣。

11 、Coherent with his metaphysics is his idea at survival clearance, which deepens self consciousness in both atomology and monadism from the angle at survival philosophy.───與雅斯貝斯的形而上學(xué)思想相配合的，是他關(guān)于生存澄明的觀念，這種觀念從生存哲學(xué)角度出發(fā)深化了原子論與單子論蘊(yùn)涵的自我意識(shí)觀念。

12 、The science comprises logic,ethics,aesthetics,metaphysics,and epistemology.───哲學(xué)由邏輯學(xué)、倫理學(xué)、美學(xué)、文學(xué)和認(rèn)識(shí)論組成的學(xué)科。

13 、An instance in which uncertainty about meaning prevails over the metaphysics of presence.───存在形而上學(xué)論。

14 、Not least, the metaphysical semblance of the chaos at the heart of civilization.─── 隱晦的掩飾著你對文明本質(zhì)上是混亂的看法

15 、Second, his investigation of the principle of the movement in the Physics is going towards the theological science in the Metaphysics.───其次論述亞氏在《物理學(xué)》對運(yùn)動(dòng)原理的探索，它指向《形上學(xué)》的《神學(xué)的科學(xué)》。

16 、Currently the question of what dialectics is and the relationship between dialectics and metaphysics is an academic hotspot,yet it is ambiguous with different viewpoints.───當(dāng)前,關(guān)于辯證法是什么以及辯證法同形而上學(xué)的關(guān)系問題為學(xué)界所熱衷,但也歧義紛呈。

17 、While Kant attempts to find universe morality from the morals" duty of the idea of morals metaphysics, it tantamount to making an ineffectual attempt.───康德則試圖從道德人的責(zé)任感,從道德形而上學(xué)的理念中挖掘道德普世性,無異于畫餅充饑。

18 、Gilson called it "the converted metaphysics", what he emphasized is "the limit of the mind's extension", namely eternal God's creation.───當(dāng)吉爾松稱之為“皈依的形而上學(xué)”時(shí)，則是強(qiáng)調(diào)“心靈伸展的界限”，即永恒上帝的創(chuàng)造。

19 、World No. 1 Feng Shui Writer - 116 Books of FengShui/Chinese Metaphysics written so far! Explore more on how to enhance your luck and fate!───全球最多著作風(fēng)水學(xué)家!權(quán)威玄學(xué)風(fēng)水顧問;已出版著作達(dá)116部!助你迎吉避兇和提升各方面之運(yùn)氣!

20 、Just as the thought of the key of the eternal universe, is none, none is the most Philosophy bourn of the seeking of Metaphysics.───作為宇宙的永恒的本體的“道”,即是“無”,“無”是玄學(xué)追求的最高哲學(xué)境界。

21 、Anti-Plato poetic thinkers insist that poetry has a dimension of transcendence of metaphysics with which poetry is greatly valuated.───后世反柏拉圖禁詩令的詩學(xué)理論家從柏拉圖的形而上學(xué)立場出發(fā)建構(gòu)了詩藝內(nèi)容和超越性存在的關(guān)聯(lián)，從而賦予了詩藝以極為崇高的地位。

22 、Metaphysically speaking, you and?I are intrinsically and inexplicably linked.─── 從哲學(xué)角度來說 我和你在本質(zhì)上有著解釋不清的關(guān)系

23 、Secondly, Kafka held the view of nothingness and reflected the living world on the metaphysics level of the super-experience.───二是以虛無的眼光，作者在形而上的超驗(yàn)層面上，對生存世界所做的反思。

24 、Therefore the movement known as psychology, along with metaphysics and spirituality, has birthed yet a new evolutionary cycle of the emerging unity paradigm.───因此心理學(xué)運(yùn)動(dòng)、玄學(xué)和靈性學(xué)，已誕生了一個(gè)形成統(tǒng)一范例的新進(jìn)化周期。

25 、Not to get metaphysical or anything, but I had an inspiration.─── 不是形而上學(xué)之類的 但是我靈光一現(xiàn)

26 、But this last merit can be ascribed to them only because there is another kind of metaphysics which needs no justification at all beyond that of inquiry in general.───但把這最后一個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)賦予它們,只是因?yàn)檫€存在另一種形而上學(xué),它在一般的探究之外是完全不需要辯明的。

27 、They tried to quit themselves of the shackles of metaphysics.───他們盡力設(shè)法擺脫形而上學(xué)的枷鎖。

28 、It's a metaphysical riddle about unperceived existence.─── 一個(gè)形而上學(xué)的謎語 關(guān)于未被察覺的存在

29 、He investigates theology, and metaphysics and all sorts of subjects.───他研究神學(xué)，還有形而上學(xué)，還有各種各樣的學(xué)問。

30 、They happened to be living in the period when metaphysics was in the prime of development and experienced the tumult of dynasty-changeover during Wei and Jin periods.───他們生逢玄學(xué)發(fā)展的黃金時(shí)期,又經(jīng)歷了魏晉之際改朝換代的動(dòng)蕩,其文學(xué)創(chuàng)作和思想帶有鮮明的時(shí)代特色。

31 、The future of philosophy lies outside religion, outside metaphysics, and outside science.───哲學(xué)的未來不在于宗教、形而上學(xué)或科學(xué)。

32 、In order to maintain thoroughly hsi philosophical standpoint of Anti-realism, he rejected two-valued semantics and took Intuitionist logic as the basis of his metaphysics.───為了徹底堅(jiān)持其反實(shí)在論的哲學(xué)立場，達(dá)米特拒斥二值原則，把直覺主義邏輯作為其形而上學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)。

33 、Working in a higher educational field -- perhaps teaching philosophy or metaphysics -- would be very good for you.───今年適合在一個(gè)更高教育的領(lǐng)域工作，比如哲學(xué)等。

34 、Positivism, a philosophy system established by Comte, is regarded not to embrace theology or metaphysics.───實(shí)證主義是孔德確立的關(guān)于實(shí)證科學(xué)的哲學(xué)體系,被認(rèn)為與神學(xué)、形而上學(xué)互不包容。

35 、Even though the Nietzschean theory of art is still within the humanistic framework of modern metaphysics, and his criticism of moder...───事實(shí)上,尼采不僅是過去的人物,他更是當(dāng)代精神現(xiàn)實(shí)的組成部分。

36 、The science comprising logic, ethics, aesthetics, metaphysics, and epistemology.───哲學(xué)由邏輯學(xué)、倫理學(xué)、美學(xué)、文學(xué)和認(rèn)識(shí)論組成的學(xué)科

37 、That idealism and metaphysics are held to be obstacles to truth is that they discourage scientific inquiry into truth.───唯心論和形而上學(xué)之所以被認(rèn)為是真理的障礙是因?yàn)樗鼈冏璧K對真理的科學(xué)的探討。

38 、Moreover, Wilber's philosophy is not limited to metaphysics but has a strong implication in the domain of self-transformation.───威爾伯的哲學(xué)不限于形而上學(xué)，對于自我轉(zhuǎn)化的層面亦有深層的含意。

39 、We didn't come this far to get dinged by some metaphysical technicality.─── ?òJ@? ??v@ЩgZ

40 、Kant's philosophy of law is a part in the system of his metaphysics of morals.───康德的法哲學(xué)是他的道德形而上學(xué)理論的一部分。

41 、Conceivability argument's challenge to materialism still remains, whose discussion involves some key topics in the philosophy of language and in metaphysics.───可想象性論證對物理主義的挑戰(zhàn)依然存在，對這一論證的探討涉及一些語言哲學(xué)與形而上學(xué)中的重要課題。

42 、If you know nothing about idealism and metaphysics, if you have never waged any struggle against them, your materialism and dialectics will not be solid.───不懂得唯心主義和形而上學(xué)，沒有同這些反面的東西作過斗爭，你那個(gè)唯物主義和辯證法是不鞏固的。

43 、Based on different theories,Materialism and empiricism reached the same goal by different routes that they led metaphysics into predicaments.───唯理論和經(jīng)驗(yàn)論從各自的理路出發(fā),卻都殊途同歸地將形而上學(xué)引入困境。

44 、This, as best we can tell, is a metaphysical engine.─── 我們現(xiàn)在只知道這是一個(gè)超自然引擎

45 、Rousseau's dream consisted of making the supplement enter metaphysics by force.───盧梭的理想在于使替補(bǔ)強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入形而上學(xué)。

46 、Helps you to learn how to create wealth in your life without a deep study of metaphysics or financial theories.───即使你不具備高深的金融知識(shí)，這本書也一樣能幫你致富。

47 、With general, direct and clear characteristics, it involves metaphysics, epistemology and practical philosophies so it is often discussed in western philosophy.───它具有普遍性、接性、晰性的品格,其內(nèi)容涉及形而上學(xué)、識(shí)論和實(shí)踐哲學(xué)的各個(gè)方面,因此成為西方哲學(xué)中被經(jīng)常討論的話題。

48 、Maybe they'll make you a metaphysical ham on rye.─── 或許他們能給你做個(gè)形而上的黑面包火腿三明治

49 、"Not fearing deficiency but enequalization" is one of Confucius' important metaphysics propositions and has been misunderstood since the ancient time.───“不患寡而患不均”是孔子形上學(xué)的重要命詞之一,但自古以來就遇到來自各個(gè)層面的誤解。

50 、Seri Begawan Feng SHui Academy is a school devoted to the teaching of ancient science of Feng Shui and Metaphysics.───一所傳授中華傳統(tǒng)五術(shù)玄學(xué)教育的學(xué)術(shù)館。

51 、Even being criticized in the movement of abandonment of metaphysics, it never retreated from the stage of history.───即使在“拒斥形而上學(xué)”運(yùn)動(dòng)中，它也沒有因遭到批判而退出歷史舞臺(tái)。

52 、Value Theory, which separates human beings from the universal world and the whole social life, and speculates the sole subject-object relation, undoubtedly results in metaphysics.───“效用價(jià)值論”割裂了人與世界的普遍聯(lián)系．脫離了社會(huì)生活的整體，只考察單一物我關(guān)系，最終只能陷入形而上學(xué)。

53 、Straying of morality, hardship of survival and confusion of metaphysics caused the crisis of Confucian belief.───“道”的迷失，生存優(yōu)患以及形上困惑，導(dǎo)致儒學(xué)信仰危機(jī)的發(fā)生。

54 、As a matter of fact, idealism, metaphysics and poisonous weeds are found in every country.───事實(shí)上，無論哪個(gè)國家，都有唯心主義，都有形而上學(xué)，都有毒草。

55 、The second period is in Western Jin Dynasty,during which Lu Ji's Tiandao bore the nature of metaphysics,and had an important impact on his poetry creation.───入洛之后,在玄學(xué)思潮的影響和改造下,陸機(jī)的天道思想實(shí)現(xiàn)了玄學(xué)化的轉(zhuǎn)變,對其詩歌創(chuàng)作及詩風(fēng)的形成產(chǎn)生了深刻的影響。

56 、Western metaphysics communicates with the Chinese one.───中西之間的形而上學(xué)是相通的。

57 、Anti- Metaphysics or Post- Metaphysics?───反形而上學(xué)還是后形而上學(xué)?

58 、Bachelard studied the reverie is not only to establish the metaphysics of the reverie, but also to inquire into the ontology of human existence.───巴什拉研究夢想的宗旨，不僅是要確立夢想的形而上學(xué)地位，而且要通過夢想來探討人類的自由本體論環(huán)境。

59 、The consciousness of foregrounding Qing is influenced by the metaphysics and is also a great contribution to the traditional Chinese culture aesthetically in the Six Dynasties.───尚“清”意識(shí)是玄學(xué)思想影響下的產(chǎn)物,也是六朝美學(xué)對中國傳統(tǒng)文化的一大貢獻(xiàn)。

60 、Harmony in order to deal with the relationship between physics and metaphysics, had to get his game sharp for the development of the theory of life theory.───為了圓融地處理形而上與形而下的關(guān)系，不得不把精氣神的理論發(fā)展為性命理論。

61 、He found three unsatisfactory features in the Cartesian metaphysics: the transcendence of God, mind-body dualism, and the ascription of free will both to God and to human beings.───他在笛卡兒形上學(xué)中發(fā)現(xiàn)了三個(gè)不足之處：上帝的超然存在、心靈和身體二元論、歸屬于上帝和人類的自由意志。

62 、In fact, it is quite unpractical, and, as in this age to be practical is everything, I shall go back to Philosophy and study Metaphysics.───其實(shí)，在這個(gè)一切都要實(shí)際年代，愛情太不現(xiàn)實(shí)了。我應(yīng)該回到哲學(xué)中去，去學(xué)習(xí)純粹的哲學(xué)?！?/p>

63 、My degrees are in physics, not metaphysics.─── 我有物理學(xué)學(xué)位 可沒有形而上學(xué)學(xué)位

64 、OCCULT: Seems similar with ESOTERIC.Use this designation for persons or groups which place emphasis on Metaphysics (Paranormal phenomena) such as Magick and Divination.───-> 使用隱密當(dāng)組織對它通過知識(shí)的用法關(guān)心不或當(dāng)重點(diǎn)是在實(shí)用形而上學(xué)和不是在哲學(xué)靈性道德。

65 、The view in metaphysics that reality is a unified whole and that all existing things can be ascribed to or described by a single concept or system.───一元論一種形而上學(xué)理論，認(rèn)為現(xiàn)實(shí)世界是一個(gè)整體，所有存在的事物可以被歸結(jié)或描述為一個(gè)單一的概念或系統(tǒng)。

66 、The system of Auguste Comte designed to supersede theology and metaphysics and depending on a hierarchy of the sciences, beginning with mathematics and culminating in sociology.───實(shí)證論為超越神學(xué)及玄學(xué)而創(chuàng)設(shè)的奧古斯都孔德體系，這一體系以科學(xué)的等級(jí)為依據(jù)，以數(shù)學(xué)為基礎(chǔ)而以社會(huì)學(xué)為最高級(jí)

67 、We have exactly no time to discuss the metaphysical implications.─── 我們真的沒有時(shí)間 討論這里面的哲學(xué)意義

68 、In the same way, Nietzschean metaphysics and aestheticism deal with Life rather than perception.───尼采去世已逾百年,而他的幽靈卻出沒在這一百多年的歷史之中。

69 、Oh, physics! Preserve me from metaphysics!───噢，物理學(xué)??！請你保護(hù)我免受形而上學(xué)所惑吧！

70 、For Aristotie, the first philosophy is metaphysics, because he makes theory as the highest praxis.───亞里士多德將理論作為最高的實(shí)踐的結(jié)果，他的第一哲學(xué)是形而土學(xué)，而不是實(shí)踐哲學(xué)。

71 、How Does Kant Solve the Problem of "How Is Scientific Metaphysics Made Possible"?───康德是如何解決"科學(xué)的形而上學(xué)如何可能"的問題的?

72 、The system of Auguste Comte designed to supersede theology and metaphysics and depending on a hierarchy of the sciences,beginning with mathematics and culminating in sociology.───實(shí)證論為超越神學(xué)及玄學(xué)而創(chuàng)設(shè)的奧古斯都孔德體系，這一體系以科學(xué)的等級(jí)為依據(jù)，以數(shù)學(xué)為基礎(chǔ)而以社會(huì)學(xué)為最高級(jí)。

73 、New solutions to many philosophical problems were found predicated on theoriea concerning “metaphysics” and “non-determinism”.───以“非實(shí)體主義”的基本理論為參照系，為眾多的哲學(xué)問題求索新的答案；

74 、After the need for ontology has actually become an invisible precondition of academic exploitation, and thus become profound and dynamic metaphysics question.───在海德格爾之后，人們對本體論的需要，實(shí)際上轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐环N無形的學(xué)術(shù)運(yùn)演前提，它成有為一種高深莫測的、動(dòng)態(tài)的玄學(xué)追問。

75 、Another kind is genetic metaphysics, based on in the source-evolution-differentiate, it is related with the zero between negative and positive number .───另一種是基于本原、衍兩分之基礎(chǔ)上的發(fā)生論形而上學(xué)，它與在正負(fù)數(shù)之間的零相關(guān)。

76 、The great void dreamland" myth deduces the author to" feeling" metaphysics understanding and ideas.───“太虛幻境”神話演繹作者對“情”形而上的認(rèn)識(shí)與觀念。

77 、Dennis was blunt: “Abstractions like crop size, unemployment, and inflation are mere metaphysics to the trader.───丹尼斯很直率：“對交易者來說，谷物的收割量、失業(yè)率、通貨膨脹，這些東西都是很虛的。

78 、That and a certain talent for combining biochemistry and metaphysics.─── 此外 我還有把生物化學(xué)與形而上學(xué)結(jié)合起來的才能

79 、This essay is an attempt to elucidate the Gadamerian concept of truth in terms of his metaphysics of light.───于是，本文嘗試由光的形上學(xué)說明高達(dá)美的真理概念。

80 、How Does Kant Solve the Problem of “How Is Scientific Metaphysics Made Possible"?───康德是如何解決“科學(xué)的形而上學(xué)如何可能”的問題的?

81 、Schopenhauer criticizes the traditional rationalism epistemology, and establishes will metaphysics which replaces traditional rational metaphysics.───叔本華通過批判傳統(tǒng)的理性主義認(rèn)識(shí)論,建立起一種意志的形而上學(xué),以之取代傳統(tǒng)的理性形而上學(xué);

82 、Traditionally, philosophy has been partitioned into three areas: epistemology, metaphysics, and value theory.───哲學(xué)在傳統(tǒng)上分為三個(gè)領(lǐng)域：認(rèn)識(shí)論、形而上學(xué)和價(jià)值理論。

83 、At one point in the Metaphysics, Aristotle seems to distinguish between empirical studies and deductive logic.───在《形而上學(xué)》一書中，亞里士多德似乎已談到了經(jīng)驗(yàn)研究和推理邏輯的區(qū)別。

84 、An Intuitionist Principle or a Metaphysics on the Spot?───(直觀的原則,還是在場的形而上學(xué)?

85 、Leaky in many ways as it was, the traditional metaphysics as a rationally theorized pattern of the world made significant contributions to theorization of this type.───傳統(tǒng)的形而上學(xué)盡管有種種缺陷，但它們作為理性論證的世界圖式曾為這種論證做出過重大貢獻(xiàn)。

86 、The logomachia over anomy seems to be equally decisive for Western politics as the “battle of the giants around being” that has defined Western metaphysics.───關(guān)于混亂狀態(tài)的語詞之爭對西方政治學(xué)來說同樣關(guān)鍵，即“巨人圍繞存在的戰(zhàn)爭”已經(jīng)定義了西方形而上學(xué)。

87 、Even if being metaphysics be in vogue in Wei Jin dynasty, Study of Confucian classics is on the wane to some extent comparing with The Chinese time, effect is assignable.───即便魏晉時(shí)期玄學(xué)盛行,經(jīng)學(xué)較之兩漢有所衰落,但對當(dāng)時(shí)社會(huì)方方面面的影響也是不可忽視的。

88 、Metaphysics: Many people believe that the Bermuda Triangle houses the famous lost city of Atlantis which is another grid reality running parallel to our experience in 3D Earth.───宇宙哲學(xué):許多人們相信百慕大三角藏有在三維（3D）地球中對我們的經(jīng)驗(yàn)而言平行運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)另外的網(wǎng)格實(shí)相的著名的消失的亞特蘭提斯城市。

89 、In fact, Hume "suspends" the subject and rejects metaphysics, suggesting that it is not the cognitive ability of human being.───休謨其實(shí)是要對本體問題進(jìn)行“懸置”，排斥形而上學(xué)，認(rèn)為它非人類的認(rèn)識(shí)能力所為。

90 、An indivisible, impenetrable unit of substance viewed as the basic constituent element of physical reality in the metaphysics of Leibnitz.───單子萊布尼茲學(xué)說理論中認(rèn)為是構(gòu)成物質(zhì)世界存在的最基本的和不可分的單位

玄學(xué)的英文名字？

玄學(xué)的英文Metaphysics

形而上學(xué)的定義是什么？

形而上學(xué)（Metaphysics）是一個(gè)哲學(xué)分支學(xué)科，指研究存在和事物本質(zhì)的學(xué)問。其分為兩層含義，一個(gè)是指以用超經(jīng)驗(yàn)的思辨方式研究非客觀或者無形世界的哲學(xué)體系，而非科學(xué)研究現(xiàn)實(shí)世界的現(xiàn)象及規(guī)律；另一個(gè)是指與辯證法對立的 ，用孤立 、靜止、片面的觀點(diǎn)觀察世界的思維方式。其主要問題包括：超自然世界的本原是什么，靈魂是否存在，自由意志等。

概念

定義：一種哲學(xué)研究，其目的在于確定事物的真實(shí)本質(zhì)，也就是確定存在物的意義、結(jié)構(gòu)和原理。[2]

形而上學(xué)，是原始哲學(xué)的一個(gè)門類，指對不可證明的無形世界本質(zhì)的猜測，我們現(xiàn)在常說的“孤立、靜止、片面的觀點(diǎn)觀察事物的思維方式”是它后來的引申義。[3][4]它是一種研究"存在"的本體論體系，其理論原則是柏拉圖的"世界二重化"，歷史上是為神學(xué)服務(wù)的。13世紀(jì)起被作為哲學(xué)名詞，用以指研究超經(jīng)驗(yàn)的東西（靈魂、意志自由等）的學(xué)問。在黑格爾提出辯證法以后，它又被用以指與辯證法對立的古老的世界觀與方法論。

在現(xiàn)代科學(xué)發(fā)軔之前，科學(xué)問題被當(dāng)做哲學(xué)的一部份來研究，被稱為自然哲學(xué)。術(shù)語“science”（科學(xué)，拉丁語為scientia）原本只有“knowledge”（知識(shí)）的意思。然而，隨著科學(xué)方法的廣泛運(yùn)用，自然哲學(xué)逐漸轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榱艘环N源于實(shí)驗(yàn)和數(shù)學(xué)的可靠方法體系，與哲學(xué)的其他領(lǐng)域分道揚(yáng)鑣。到了十八世紀(jì)末，它開始被稱為“科學(xué)”以示其與哲學(xué)的區(qū)別。由此，“形而上學(xué)”被用來指代對無形世界的非經(jīng)驗(yàn)的、非理性的哲學(xué)研究。

由于反感教條主義的只講形式，不究實(shí)質(zhì)，黑格爾把形而上學(xué)作為與“辯證法”相對立的一種機(jī)械教條的研究方法來批判，因此形而上學(xué)也可以表示教條主義，即用孤立、靜止、片面的眼光看世界，一切事物都孤立的永遠(yuǎn)不變的，馬克思繼承了黑格爾的這種定義，這會(huì)使人產(chǎn)生誤解，忘記其另一種本體解釋。

馬克思辯證法認(rèn)為形而上學(xué)是指與辯證法對立的，用孤立 、靜止 、片面的觀點(diǎn)觀察世界的思維方式 。它把事物看成是彼此孤立、絕對靜止、固定不變的，看不到事物的相互聯(lián)系，忘記了它的產(chǎn)生、消滅和運(yùn)動(dòng)以及點(diǎn)動(dòng)的相對趨勢，把變化僅僅歸結(jié)為位置移動(dòng)和單純數(shù)量的增減，視為外力推動(dòng)的結(jié)果，有似于物理學(xué)中的矢量（位移）。

用形而上學(xué)的觀點(diǎn)看問題，勢必導(dǎo)致唯心主義，原因是形而上學(xué)的孤立、靜止、片面的觀點(diǎn)不符合客觀實(shí)際，并進(jìn)而夸大主觀的作用。

1、形而上學(xué)：指對世界本質(zhì)的研究，即研究一切存在者，一切現(xiàn)象（尤其指抽象概念）的原因及本源。最早由亞里士多德所構(gòu)建，稱其為“第一哲學(xué)”、“第一科學(xué)”。

2、亞里士多德認(rèn)為，一般或形式不是本體。事物的存在有不同的方式，例如運(yùn)動(dòng)、運(yùn)動(dòng)員都可以被稱作“健康”，但方式完全不同?！八斜环Q作健康的事物都與健康有關(guān)，有些是保持它的，有些是產(chǎn)生它的，有些是健康的跡象，有些是健康的接受者”，本體是基本的存在，研究“存在之為存在的一般科學(xué)”就是“形而上學(xué)”。形而上學(xué)的研究對象與特殊事物無關(guān)，它研究的主題是所有事物。