?frothy

frothy發(fā)音

英：['fr?θ?]　　美：[?fr?θ?, ?frɑθ?]

英：　　美：

frothy中文意思翻譯

adj.起泡的, 多泡的, 空洞的

frothy詞形變化

形容詞比較級: frothier | 名詞: frothiness | 形容詞最高級: frothiest | 副詞: frothily |

frothy常見例句

1 、A frothy French farce.───淺薄的法國輕喜劇

2 、When hot or cold water or milk is added, a delicious, frothy coffee drink is produced.───當熱水或凍水或牛奶補充說，好吃，泡沫咖啡飲料的生產(chǎn)。

3 、frothy sputum───泡沫性痰泡沫樣痰

4 、I'm sure you make a great frothy foam.─── 我相信你做的奶泡一定很棒

5 、They want a boy toy that's fun and frothy.─── 他們想要的是一個有趣空洞的男性玩物

6 、Beat egg whites until frothy, add salt, lemon juice and extracts.───把蛋白打至粗泡，加入食鹽，檸檬汁和香精。

7 、Six (21 percent) had frothy fluid in the airways, and 25 (89 percent) had ground-glass opacity and thickening in the lungs.───6人（21%）呼吸道中發(fā)現(xiàn)泡沫液體，及25人（89%）肺內(nèi)存在“毛玻璃“混濁及增厚現(xiàn)象。

8 、the presence of greater than normal amounts of fat in the feces which are frothy and foul smelling and floating; a symptom of disorders of fat metabolism and malabsorption syndrome.───糞便中油脂過多;糞便有氣泡,發(fā)臭,漂浮;新陳代謝失調(diào)和吸收不良的癥狀。

9 、The scientists noticed a yeasty smell wafting from a local palm.They saw a frothy substance, like the head on a mug of beer.───科學(xué)家們注意到，當?shù)氐囊环N棕櫚樹會散發(fā)出一股發(fā)酵味兒，同時還能看到一種起泡的液體，就像在啤酒杯中可以看到的泡沫一樣。

10 、Mix 50ml of warm milk with dry yeast, wait for a while until frothy.───先用面包分量內(nèi)50毫升暖鮮奶混和乾酵母，待發(fā)起成泡狀。

11 、Lake Missoula spilled out onto the lowlands in a rumbling, frothy flood peppered by chunks of the shattered ice dam.───密蘇拉湖泄人低地，轟隆隆、泛著白沫的洪水上到處是冰堰的碎片。

12 、The falls begin as a steep set of rapids that fracture in half a dozen directions, funneling churning chutes down sheer cliffs into frothy pools.───瀑布源頭是往6個方向奔流的陡峻激湍，翻騰急流匯流后流下峭壁，流入泡沫飛濺的水塘。

13 、Cough, possibly, production of frothy or pink sputum───咳嗽及可能咳出泡沫性或粉紅色的痰

14 、Churning up thousands of frothy masses of snow.───卷起千堆雪。

15 、frothy gel───泡沫凝膠

16 、a frothy orator───空話連篇的演說者

17 、frothy drink of milk and flavoring and sometimes fruit or ice cream.───牛奶加香料水果或冰淇淋制成的多泡沫的飲料。

18 、Sennheiser once again praised it with her usual frothy zeal.─── 又一次受到了森海澤爾粗暴熱情的贊美

19 、Alginate is already in widespread use by the food industry as a gelling agent and to thicken the frothy head of some lagers.───在食品工業(yè)中，藻酸鹽已經(jīng)被廣泛用作膠凝劑，或用來增加一些貯藏啤酒的泡沫。

20 、The term "whitewater" refers to the appearance of the frothy water found in rapids.───“白浪”這個詞指的是急流泛起水沫的樣子。

21 、The frothy levels of government indebtedness prevailing in developed countries are certainly not reassuring.───發(fā)達國家政府普遍存在的高負債水平，當然不會讓人放心。

22 、DuWop has brewed up the perfect velvety powder eyeshadow duet. Machiatto is a combination of two color-coordinated shades of frothy light brown and rich dark brown.───商品具有天鵝絨般柔滑的觸感以及迷人的，令人驚艷的美麗顏色，讓美麗的你更加光彩奪目哦！

23 、Anecdotally, the property sector is showing signs of the frothy enthusiasm that is symbolic of the onset of a bubble.───據(jù)坊間傳言，房產(chǎn)部門正在向公眾公布各種信號，以證明目前存在預(yù)兆泡沫危機來臨的非理性投資熱情。

24 、frothy crude oil───泡沫原油

25 、A mass of bubbles of air or gas in a matrix of liquid film, especially an accumulation of fine, frothy bubbles formed in or on the surface of a liquid, as from agitation or fermentation.───泡沫一種在液體表面或內(nèi)部由于攪動或發(fā)酵起泡形成的輕而發(fā)白且成微細泡沫狀的物質(zhì)

26 、a frothy conversation───淺薄的談話

27 、She was back on her feet before Charlie returned with the two frothy white bouquets. The scent of roses and orange blossom and freesia enveloped me in a soft mist.───查理拿著兩把飽滿的花束回到房間前，她已經(jīng)站起身了。玫瑰和橙花還有鳶尾草的香氣彌漫，將我籠罩在其中。

28 、any of various tall frothy mixed drinks made usually of rum and lime juice and sugar shaken with ice.───任何一種通常由浪姆酒和酸橙汁及加有碎冰塊的糖混合制成的多泡的混合飲料。

29 、Whisk egg white till frothy, add in fresh cream.───2將蛋白打勻，加入鮮忌廉。

30 、frothy coffee───泡沫咖啡

31 、Unfortunately, today's artists have been brainwashed and everyone has to keep to the so-called "law of success" established by supremacy, leaving only frothy forms and pallid thoughts.───其實，很多心智正常的藝術(shù)家是知道就里的，只是，人人都怕不成功的失意恐懼癥正好為權(quán)力操縱者掌握，失敗意味著被排除出局。

32 、Saudi Arabia and other big oil producers routinely blame the price on frothy markets, rather than idle wells.───沙特阿拉伯和其他的一些石油出產(chǎn)大國則像往常一樣把高價歸咎于泡沫市場，而非閑置的油井。

33 、Yet $4 seems to have been the price at which demand becomes elastic, for both petrol and a frothy latte.───然而當價格漲到4美元,消費者的需求似乎終于出現(xiàn)了價格彈性,汽油如此,拿鐵也如此。

34 、A country that has become accustomed to reasonably fast growth and frothy affluence will probably have to adjust to slower growth and less retail fizz.───美國人已經(jīng)習(xí)慣于較為快速的增長和相當泡沫的富裕，以后將可能不得不體驗適應(yīng)經(jīng)濟增長放緩，零售消費減少。

35 、, the Anglo financial system as well as high leverage and high exposure to frothy housing markets, may also be more vulnerable than other countries.───其次，隨著“美英式債務(wù)和房地產(chǎn)周期”走向下滑，與美國的金融體系和債務(wù)周期相似的國家將受到打擊。

36 、As they feed, they excrete a frothy spittle mass for protection from desiccation and enemies.───當他們?nèi)∈硶r，制造大量的泡沫以此來抵御干燥和敵人。

37 、In about 10 seconds you should have frothy and foamy egg whites.Sugar not only adds sweetness, it also stabilizes the egg whites and helps producing a more smooth meringues.───蛋白加入一定比例的砂糖，不僅僅只是為了添加甜味而以，加了砂糖打出的蛋白霜比較細膩且泡沫持久穩(wěn)定。

38 、Note: Whitewater is formed in a rapid, when a river's gradient drops enough to form a bubbly, or aerated and unstable current, the frothy water appears white.───注：白水是在急流中形成的，當河流的陡度下降很多而形成多泡的或含氣的不穩(wěn)定水流時，多泡的水呈現(xiàn)白色。

39 、In many cases, one suspects that the factual dispute will arise from what was said or not said in a private conference room over frothy cappuccinos.───在許多情形中，人們擔(dān)心對于私人會議室中邊喝咖啡邊交談的談話內(nèi)容，會出現(xiàn)事實方面的爭議。

40 、He began to have frequent， frothy， foul-smelling stools.───他開始有多次、泡沫和臭味的大便。

41 、a mass of bubbles of air or gas in a matrix of liquid film,especially an accumulation of fine,frothy bubbles formed in or on the surface of a liquid,as from agitation or fermentation───泡沫，一種在液體表面或內(nèi)部由于攪動或發(fā)酵起泡形成的輕而發(fā)白且成微細泡沫狀的物質(zhì)

42 、frothy slag───泡渣

43 、Frothy saliva produced especially as a result of physical exertion or a pathological condition.───口沫由于消耗體力或病理狀況而產(chǎn)生的泡沫狀唾液。

44 、The frothy sweat of a horse or other equine animal.───汗珠馬或馬類的泡沫狀汗水

45 、Here, the devil wears taffeta and the script is more frothy than cutting edge.───在這里，魔鬼穿著塔夫綢和腳本更比泡沫時代的尖端。

46 、The main clinical manifestation was the sympton and sign of respiratory system. Breathing frequently, cyanosis, and frothy sputum existed in the ARDS cases of severe poisoning.───臨床表現(xiàn)以呼吸系統(tǒng)癥狀體征為主,其中呼吸頻速、疳、沫痰主要發(fā)生在重度中毒組中的ARDS病例。

47 、frothy bloody sputum───泡沫樣血痰

48 、But before you get all frothy, he calls me.─── 好吧 趁你還沒生氣 他打**給我

49 、excessive frothy salivation───口沃沫多唾

50 、Destabilising speculation requires the opposite: short-selling shares in a trough, thus deepening the trough, and betting that frothy shares will become frothier.───破壞穩(wěn)定性的投機行為做法則相反：在谷底賣空股票，從而造成股票繼續(xù)下跌，并押注于充滿泡沫的股票變得泡沫更豐富。

51 、frothy beer───有泡沫的啤酒

52 、The sugar must be well melted and the mixture frothy.───將材料放入擠花袋內(nèi)用7號噴嘴擠到4個16公分直徑的塔圈內(nèi)。

53 、Gradually add in sugar, beating at high speed until frothy and stiff peaks form.───把蛋白霜分次加入蛋黃面糊中，輕輕拌均勻成面糊。

54 、Some women may hae a frothy, strong-smelling yellow green discharge, and may feel discomfort during intercourse and urination, as well as itching of the genital area.───一些婦女會有著強烈臭味的黃綠色的泡沫分泌物，一些人會在**和排尿過程中感覺不適，就像在性明感區(qū)的瘙癢一樣。

55 、frothy expectoration───[醫(yī)] 泡沫痰

56 、There is a tendency to regard Italian wines as cheap and cheerful from Chianti in a wicker fiasco to sweet and frothy Lambrusco.───人們往往認為意大利葡萄酒價格便宜，并且容易使人興奮。從柳條長頸大肚瓶裝契安第紅葡萄酒，到味甜多泡的摩德納葡萄酒。

57 、any of various tall frothy mixed drinks made usually of rum and lime juice and sugar shaken with ice───任何一種通常由浪姆酒和酸橙汁及加有碎冰塊的糖混合制成的多泡的混合飲料

58 、Although America's bubble is deflating, other markets are still looking decidedly frothy.───雖然美國的樓市泡沫正在縮小，但是美國以外的房地產(chǎn)市場看上去依然存在著大量的泡沫。

59 、No members of the control group had frothy fluid or sediment in the airways or sinuses, 11 (92 percent) had subglottic airway, tracheal and bronchial fluid.───對照組中呼吸道或鼻旁竇中竇沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)泡沫液體或沉積物，11（92%）聲門下呼吸道，氣管和支氣管內(nèi)有液體存在。

60 、Stir in vegetable oil yoghurt milk and yeast mixture which should be frothy by now. Mix a little with a spoon.───拌入蔬菜油，酸奶，牛奶和有氣泡的依士粉溶解液。用木鏟拌勻。我喜歡直接用手拌。

61 、bubbling champagne; foamy (or frothy) beer.───泡沫香檳；泡沫啤酒。

62 、A mathematical formula can now predict how the frothy head on a beer changes over time, a finding that is no doubt pleasing beer lovers and mathematicians alike.───現(xiàn)在有一個數(shù)學(xué)公式可以預(yù)測在啤酒的泡沫如何隨時間改變,這個公式無疑讓啤酒愛好者和數(shù)學(xué)家一樣和開心。

63 、He began to hae frequent, frothy, foul-smelling stools.───他開始有多次、帶泡沫和臭味的大便。

64 、Suddenly the old man's hand twitched. He made a noise in his throat and a frothy mucus oozed out of his mouth───忽然老太爺?shù)氖謩恿艘幌?，喉間一聲響，就有像是痰塊的白沫從嘴里冒出來。

65 、The list includes butterbeer, which is a frothy, buttery drink served in Hogsmeade, a town near the school.───最好放進小薄片的檸檬和一點點杏仁就是一個豐富而又甜甜的糕點了。

66 、the vast prairies, the mountains lining the horizon, and the creeks with their frothy, foaming streams.───當時是那位令人永遠懷念的林肯總統(tǒng)親自選定了內(nèi)布拉斯加州的奧馬哈城作為這個新鐵路網(wǎng)的起點。

67 、8.This blue-on-blue scene in a Bora-Bora lagoon is interrupted only by a pair of boats, a lone white seabird, and a line of frothy breakers in the distance.───波拉波拉瀉湖，這幅湛藍的美景卻被一對扁舟，一只落單的白色海鳥，和遠處一條線泡沫破壞。

68 、LONGER-LASTING SUDS: When using dishwashing liquid, pour a drop into the water and use a metal whisk to beat until frothy or sudsy.───持續(xù)更久的肥皂泡沫 ：用洗碗液的時候，滴一滴在水里并用一個鐵制攪拌器攪拌至泡沫豐富為止。

69 、Expectoration of frothy sputum───咳出泡沫痰

70 、Habits help us through the day, eliminating the need to strategize about each tiny step involved in making a frothy latte, driving to work and other complex routines.───一整天，習(xí)慣幫助我們消除對每一件小事進行計劃的需要，比如泡一杯泡沫牛奶，開車去上班以及其他的復(fù)雜的日常事務(wù)。

71 、The scientists noticed a yeasty smell wafting from a local palm.They saw a frothy substance, like the head on a mug of beer.It turns out the palm's nectar has as much alcohol as some beer does.───動物把自己灌得酩酊大醉的事情并不新鮮，但是一般情況下它們喝的都是人類釀造的啤酒或是葡萄酒。

72 、Mm, let me guess, he was drinking this frothy piss water, just scavenging for blowjobs.─── 我來猜猜 他之前在喝這種多泡的尿味水 到處找人給他*

73 、Mixes the chocolate, churns it up, makes it light and frothy.─── 能夠混合巧克力 將其攪拌至輕盈起沫

74 、A woman came into the millinery department of Harold's in New York and tried on all the frothy, giddy bonnets she could find.───一個女人進入紐約哈羅德百貨公司的女帽部，而試戴了所有她能找到的虛浮的、輕佻的女帽。

75 、:beat the eggs(up)(to a frothy consistency)───打蛋（至起泡的濃度）

76 、There's no point in reinforcing frothy emotionali*.─── 更多膚淺的多愁善感是沒有意義的

77 、The Orange County, California, native's mouth watered as he thought of savoring the sumptuous , frothy concoction , thick with frosty ice cream.───生長在加州橘郡的他，一想到品嘗那豪華、泡沫多多、又濃又稠、還加有冰淇淋的混合飲料，口水就要流出來了。

78 、We decided that28- year-olds making$12 million a year, wearing sun-glasses to work, and appearing on CNBC were probably a bit too frothy for our liking.───有的人28歲，一年掙1千2百萬美元，戴著墨鏡上班，到CNBC電視臺拋頭露面。我們認為這類人太淺薄了，我們看不上。

79 、frothy sputhum───[醫(yī)] 泡沫性痰

80 、The chromosphere is a frothy layer churned up by gases in the photosphere───色球?qū)釉诠馇驅(qū)託怏w的攪拌下是個多泡層。

81 、Beat the eggs up to a frothy consistency.───把雞蛋打成黏稠泡沫狀。

82 、a novel written in a frothy style───筆調(diào)輕浮的**.

83 、"She pauses to sip a frothy iced coffee from a plastic tumbler.───她停下來呷了一口塑料杯里浮滿泡沫的冰鎮(zhèn)咖啡。

84 、A coffee with frothy milk on top, sprinkled with cinnamon and grated chocolate. The hot milk can be replaced by whipped cream.───咖啡加起泡奶油上撒肉桂及巧克力片。

85 、Checks and Balances Frothy face wash───一蒟兩得潔面慕絲

86 、The property market in India looks positively frothy: prices there were, at the end of the first quarter, about 17% higher than a year before.───印度的房產(chǎn)市場看上去的確出現(xiàn)泡沫：在一季度末，它的房市價格比前一年高出17%。

87 、Dy ea in the presence of bronchiolar edema is a ociated with wheezing due to airflow o tructio frothy and sometimes blood-tinged utum is expectorated.───細支氣管水腫性呼吸困難與氣流梗阻引起的喘息關(guān)，可咳出泡沫痰，有時則咳帶血痰。

六個人的情侶群名稱

六個人的情侶群名稱

　六個人的情侶群名稱，網(wǎng)名的種類很多，網(wǎng)名是可以自己設(shè)置的，在網(wǎng)絡(luò)沖浪時，一個適合自己的昵稱是必備的，也是一種在網(wǎng)絡(luò)世界區(qū)分的稱呼，以下分享六個人的情侶群名稱。

　六個人的情侶群名稱1

　我懷念的是我們吃一份飯。 我向往的是我們喝一瓶水。

　說你傻你還剎不住閘啊 說你精你也精不到哪啊

　冰爽薄荷° 暖心檸檬°

　執(zhí)手溫酒. 共賞白頭.

　沫契 默契

　溫順de情 雪中de喜歡

　墻語Frothy 心墻Silent

　﹌。 煽情 ﹌。 刪情

　都說我堅強! 好了別逞強!

　. 寡人 - . **

　能問你個問嗎 愛過i

　李有病 吳溫暖

　您的繼母 您的后爸

　大眾女神經(jīng)i 國民女神經(jīng)i

　怪將軍い゛ 小小怪下士い゛

　抽煙、吸寂寞 干杯、喝快樂

　〆有個秂手里握滿陽光

　不討囍 囍遇你

　糊里糊涂、撞見你 心甘情愿、愛上你

　青梅竹馬 患難之交

　冋憶、現(xiàn)代殤 原創(chuàng)、格式美

　我孤僻成性卻念你好深i 我孤獨成性卻依舊愛你i

　◆訴說╰＇ ╰＇聆聽◆

　北辰淺巷墨漓。 南笙淺夢墨汐。

　獨久厭鬧。 浪久厭孤。

　笨老公。 傻老婆。

　苦澀詩人 伴讀書生

　伱煩我伱在煩我你就娶我 伱愛我伱不愛我誰會愛我

　______ 沉 _ ______ 默 _

　要么慘死我血腥雙手 要么跪求我?？菔癄€

　乘一筆春風(fēng)。 載一場春雨。

　′傻佬。 ′傻嘙。

　﹌ 1.個懶散成性的女性

　銷夨¨_ 絀現(xiàn)¨_

　wo洳果洧愛乄 wo洳果洧情乄

　伴 演

　我和你不在聯(lián)系 希望你要介意

　錯過一瞬間 思念一世長

　你看起來很美味+ 你看起來很好吃-

　能不能永遠地跟我在一起

　她很好i 我愛他i

　金錢美女婊與狗 香煙美酒賤人與狗

　Only~ You~

　終日兩相思 為君憔悴盡

　六個人的情侶群名稱2

　情若斷藕相連 | 情若續(xù)藕相箋

　雨夜之歌┆龍吟ˋ 雨夜之歌┊薔薇ˊ

　對不起硪錯了 | 沒關(guān)系伱沒錯

　此案花開不落 | 彼岸花落歸根

　法官判我愛她 | 法官判他愛我

　沒什么可說的。 | 選擇沉默吧。

　對 LOVE 太執(zhí)著 | 對 LOVE 太固執(zhí)

　心疼沵旳心疼|習(xí)慣沵旳習(xí)慣

　愛一個人很難|愛自己卻更難

　抹不掉的回憶 | 抹不掉的記憶

　伱曾跟別人說゛ | 你在乎過我゛

　阮玲玉不憂傷 | 徐志摩不揪心

　何必庸人自擾 | 何必自作多情

　死男人の誘惑 | 老女人の曙光

　花開、依然愛|花敗、仍然在

　我懂你的暗語 | 我懂你的心思

　◇不哭、我疼|◇別哭、疼你

　殘陽零碎一地|殘朵停止呼吸

　我只給你擁抱 | 我只要你的擁抱

　除了愛、還有戀 | 除了想、還有念

　你說，你若不離 | 我說，我亦不棄

　傻瓜×只愛笨蛋 | 笨蛋×卟離卟棄

　魚死網(wǎng)破成嗎 | 你死我活如何

　1.句話旳溫馨 | 1.個字旳溫暖

　熱情結(jié)束以后|冷靜開始以后

　難以啟齒的柔弱 | 難以忘懷的瘦弱

　莪一生用心珍惜 | 莪一世拿命守護

　貪戀你的霸道 | 迷戀你的溫柔

　玩笑一句天荒|戲言一句地老

　是是是你就是|不不不我不是

　給你我的右手 | 給我你的右手

　網(wǎng)絡(luò)ミ狠虛假 | 現(xiàn)實ミ也不真

　歲月偷走等待、| 回憶已沉大海、

　喂、這位** | 嗯、吶位先森

　珍惜被你珍惜 | 需要被你需要

　巴黎雨濕心底|巴黎夜尋心里

　你給的小糾結(jié)、| 你給的小淡定、

　深愛你的男籽 |依賴你的.釹籽

　引狼入室＜半殘 | 關(guān)門放狗＞半死

　我要談?wù)勍?。| 我要烙印心中。

　她是我的命 | 他說我是他的命

　一日情一世累 | 一（夜）情一世淚

　等你會明白愛|等我不懂得愛

　寶,щǒ繪僾著伱 | 貝,щǒ繪戀著伱

　傻瓜永遠很遠~| 笨蛋永遠多遠~

　前世為你駐足 | 今生因你回眸

　獨有小小憂傷 | 獨有小小純情

　今生無你不行 | 今世缺你不可

　六個人的情侶群名稱3

　 4個字情侶的群名字

　那就這樣吧 只能這樣了

　呆呆呆呆、笑 傻傻傻傻、笑

　那段情、一直在ち 那份愛、一直在ち

　蕾々寂寞 珂々孤單

　“我就是眼睛進沙子了?！?“你到底還要逞強多久？”

　深愛不棄i 深愛不膩i

　誰的過錯 導(dǎo)致錯過

　蘇晨哥哥 夜塵妹妹

　別調(diào)戲我 別挑釁我

　清歡 白茶

　愛已欠費* 情已停機*

　手怎么這么涼？ 等你給我焐啊。

　增加的想念 負債的愛情

　煙㊣. 火㊣.

　優(yōu)秀女神 優(yōu)秀男神

　去年你有胃病！ 今年你有煞氣！

　要愛多久才能愛到被愛！ 要疼多久才能被你珍惜！

　傻子傻子沒有思想° -瘋子瘋子沒有欲望°

　佛 魔

　請滾不送 慢走不陪

　生物毀了我的清白i 數(shù)學(xué)毀了我未來i

　漢子,要懂得鑒貌辨色 女性，要懂得適可而止

　你的世界，我稱霸° 你的世界，我獨霸°

　花開ヽ亦無語 花敗ヽ亦殘缺

　中意你i 忠于你!

　天上湖 藍色霧

　跪下，唱征服 就這樣被你征服

　好餓呀 想吃飯飯

　冋:YouLoveHow 瘩：ILoveYou!

　許你晚風(fēng)涼。 盛夏晚晴天。

　陪你鬧i 陪你笑i

　你會給我幸福 我會給你性福

　す、(陳 菽 す、(陳 嬸

　傻瓜，你是老子的i 笨蛋，你是老娘的i

　最毒婦人心 無毒不丈夫

　仙女味—老公 公子味—媳婦

　淪陷你眼眸- 淪陷你溫眸-

　痛在你心 傷在我身

　我愛黑米不八八㊣. ㊣.我愛森碟永九九

　_第七個天堂沒有陽光 ゛ _第九個天堂只剩黑暗 ゛

　龍嘉偉 舒婷

　自愚 自嗨

　奪帝心 涼妃情

　指甲女㊣. 眼鏡男㊣.

　(^相㊣思㊣淚^) (^相㊣思㊣雨^)

　時間依然匆匆 不放過你和我

急用巧克力的制造用英文

巧克力的歷史概括：

Cacao, native to Mexico, Central and South America, has been cultivated for at least three millennia in that region. It was used originally in Mesoamerica both as a beverage, and as an ingredient in foods.

Chocolate has been used as a drink for nearly all of its history. The earliest record of using chocolate dates back before the Olmec. In November 2007, archaeologists reported finding evidence of the oldest known cultivation and use of cacao at a site in Puerto Escondido, Honduras, dating from about 1100 to 1400 BC.[7] The residues found and the kind of vessel they were found in indicate that the initial use of cacao was not simply as a beverage, but the white pulp around the cacao beans was likely used as a source of fermentable sugars for an alcoholic drink.[7] The Maya civilization grew cacao trees in their backyard,[8] and used the cacao seeds it produced to make a frothy, bitter drink.[9] Documents in Maya hieroglyphs stated that chocolate was used for ceremonial purposes, in addition to everyday life.[10] The chocolate residue found in an early ancient Maya pot in Río Azul, Guatemala, suggests that Maya were drinking chocolate around 400 AD. In the New World, chocolate was consumed in a bitter, spicy drink called xocoatl, and was often flavored with vanilla, chili pepper, and achiote (known today as annatto).[11] Xocoatl was believed to fight fatigue, a belief that is probably attributable to the theobromine content. Chocolate was also an important luxury good throughout pre-Columbian Mesoamerica, and cacao beans were often used as currency.[12] For example, the Aztecs used a system in which one turkey cost one hundred cacao beans and one fresh avocado was worth three beans.[13] South American and European cultures have used cocoa to treat diarrhea for hundreds of years.[14] All of the areas that were conquered by the Aztecs that grew cacao beans were ordered to pay them as a tax, or as the Aztecs called it, a "tribute".[15]

Until the 16th century, no European had ever heard of the popular drink from the Central and South American peoples.[16] It was not until the Spanish conquest of the Aztecs that chocolate could be imported to Europe. In Spain it quickly became a court favorite. In a century it had spread and bee popular throughout the European continent[16] To keep up with the high demand for this new drink, Spanish armies began enslaving Mesoamericans to produce cacao.[17] Even with cacao harvesting being a regular business, only royalty and the well-connected could afford to drink this expensive import.[18] Before long, the Spanish began growing cacao beans on plantations, and using an African workforce to help manage them.[19] The situation was different in England. Put simply, anyone with money could buy it.[20] The first chocolate house opened in London in 1657.[20] In 1689, noted physician and collector Hans Sloane developed a milk chocolate drink in Jamaica which was initially used by apothecaries, but later sold to the Cadbury brothers in 1897.[21]

For hundreds of years, the chocolate making process remained unchanged. When the people saw the Industrial Revolution arrive, many changes occurred that brought about the food today in its modern form. A Dutch family's (van Houten) inventions made mass production of shiny, tasty chocolate bars and related products possible. In the 1700s, mechanical mills were created that squeezed out cocoa butter, which in turn helped to create hard, durable chocolate.[22] But, it was not until the arrival of the Industrial Revolution that these mills were put to bigger use. Not long after the revolution cooled down, panies began advertising this new invention to sell many of the chocolate treats we see today.[23] When new machines were produced, people began experiencing and consuming chocolate worldwide.[24]

發(fā)現(xiàn)巧克力

All of the areas that were conquered by the Aztecs that grew cacao beans were ordered to pay them as a tax, or as the Aztecs called it, a "tribute".[8]

Until the 1500s, no European had ever heard of the popular drink from the Central and South American peoples.[9] Jose de Acosta, a Spanish Jesuit missionary who lived in Peru and then Mexico in the later 16th century, wrote of it:

Loathsome to such as are not acquainted with it, having a scum or froth that is very unpleasant taste. Yet it is a drink very much esteemed among the Indians, where with they feast noble men who pass through their country. The Spaniards, both men and women that are accustomed to the country are very greedy of this Chocolate. They say they make diverse sorts of it, some hot, some cold, and some temperate, and put therein much of that "chili"; yea, they make paste thereof, the which they say is good for the stomach and against the catarrh.[10]

巧克力在歐洲

Christopher Columbus brought some cocoa beans to show Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain, but it was Spanish friars who introduced it to Europe more broadly. It wasn't until the Spanish conquest of the Aztecs that chocolate could be imported to Europe, where it quickly became a court favorite. The first recorded the largest ever shipment to Europe for mercial purposes was in a shipment from Veracruz to Sevilla in 1585. It was still served as a beverage, but the Europeans added sugar and milk to counteract the natural bitterness and removed the chilli pepper, replacing it with another Mexican indigenous spice, vanilla. Chocolate is very big in Mayan civilization

Before long, the Spanish began growing cacao beans on plantations, using African workforce to help manage them. Changes to the taste meant that by the 17th century it was a luxury item among the European nobility. By the second half of the seventeenth century, chocolate was introduced into England. The first chocolate house opened in London in 1657.[11] In 1689, noted physician and collector Hans Sloane developed a milk chocolate drink in Jamaica which was initially used by apothecaries, but later sold to the Cadbury brothers.[12]

For hundreds of years, the chocolate making process remained unchanged. When the Industrial Revolution arrived, many changes occurred that brought the hard, sweet candy to life. In the 1700s, mechanical mills were created that squeezed out cocoa butter, which in turn helped to create hard, durable chocolate.[13] But, it was not until the arrival of the Industrial Revolution that these mills were put to bigger use. Not long after the revolution cooled down, panies began advertising this new invention to sell many of the chocolate treats we see today.[14] When new machines were produced, people began experiencing and consuming chocolate worldwide.[15]

At the end of the 18th century, the first form of solid chocolate was invented in Turin by Doret. This chocolate was sold in large quantities from 1826 by Pierre Paul Caffarel. In 1819, F. L. Cailler opened the first Swiss chocolate factory. In 1828, Dutchman Coenraad Johannes van Houten patented a method for extracting the fat from cocoa beans and making powdered cocoa and cocoa butter. Van Houten also developed the so-called Dutch process of treating chocolate with alkali to remove the bitter taste. This made it possible to form the modern chocolate bar. It is believed that the Englishman Joseph Fry made the first chocolate for eating in 1847, followed in 1849 by the Cadbury brothers.

Daniel Peter, a Swiss candle maker, joined his father-in-law's chocolate business. In 1867, he began experimenting with milk as an ingredient. He brought his new product, milk chocolate, to market in 1875. He was assisted in removing the water content from the milk to prevent mildewing by a neighbour, a baby food manufacturer named Henri Nestlé. Rodolphe Lindt invented the process called conching, which involves heating and grinding the chocolate solids very finely to ensure that the liquid is evenly blended.