?contextual

contextual發(fā)音

[kən'tekstʃuəl]

英：　　美：

contextual中文意思翻譯

adj.上下文的, 與語境有關的

contextual詞形變化

副詞: contextually |

contextual常見例句

1 、The result of the experiment reveals that using the combination of contextual information is effective for disambiguation.───實驗證明使用語境信息之和對消解組合型分詞歧義具有良好效果。

2 、The author argues that the context takes effect in the process of understanding and expressing EMM and depicts how the change of contextual factors causes the change of EMM and EME.───指出認知型情態(tài)意義在說話者的表達和聽話者的理解過程中都受到語境的影響，并詳細闡述了語境的作用；

3 、How to transgress language barriers and contextual differences in communication?───如何能跨越語言的障礙及文化背景的差異?

4 、A story of hardship would help contextualize a flagging academic record.─── 艱難的故事也能給較差的 成績一個解釋

5 、Based on these two theories, the thesis holds that a better understanding of discourse coherence is based on the contextual effects gained in the cognitive environment of the addressee.───基于這兩種理論,本文認為,對語篇連貫的理解依賴于接受者在認知環(huán)境中所獲得的語境效果。

6 、Specifying Merge causes the attribute name and role name to be merged and used as the contextual name.───指定Merge將合并屬性名和角色名作為上下文名稱。

7 、It's how you're choosing to contextualize it that makes it appear beyond a reasonable doubt.─── 關鍵在于你選擇的解讀方式 使這些證據(jù)能排除合理懷疑

8 、There are two paradigms of the study of contextual cuing effect: visual search task and change detection task.───對背景線索效應的研究主要有視覺搜索任務和變化覺察任務兩種范式。

9 、A contextual keyword has a special meaning within specific program contexts.───上下文關鍵字在特定的程序上下文中有特殊的含義。

10 、Contextual intelligence is a person's ability to adapt to different contextual variables taking place.───情景性智力指一個人對不同的情景的適應能力。

11 、Indeed, emotion is often a key contextual element that signals the intent of an action.───事實上，情緒通常是預告動作意圖的重要線索之一。

12 、Chinese rely more on contextual information and make less dispositional attribution.───中國人更強調外在原因而不進行內在歸因。

13 、Discussing the content and psychological structures of OCB under the culturalbackground in China is propitious to improve the contextual performance management.───探討中國文化背景下企業(yè)員工的組織公民行為的內容和結構維度，可以對企業(yè)管理中的績效管理特別是關系績效的評估提供依據(jù)。

14 、It tries to demonstrate how the interpretation of sentence meaning, bridging inference of contextual assumptions and encyclopedic knowledge, constrains the interpretation of BR.───心理根源是誤解形成因素中的重點，也是研究的難點，本文對其做了專門、深入的探討。

15 、We also find that manufacturing competence cannot explain the variance of contextual performance.───同時發(fā)現(xiàn)，制造業(yè)管理勝任力不能較好地解釋周邊績效的變異量。

16 、When you click the object, the pertinent set of contextual tabs appears in an accent color next to the standard tabs.───當您單擊對象時,相關的上下文選項卡集以突出的顏色出現(xiàn)在標準選項卡的旁邊。

17 、A truly useful evolution of the toolbar idiom is the contextual toolbar. Similar to a right-click contextual menu, it provides a small group of butcons adjacent to the mouse cursor.───情境工具欄是工具欄真正有用的演變，和右鍵單擊彈出的情境菜單類似，它是鼠標光標旁邊顯示的一小組圖標按鈕。

18 、This suggests, says Mr Dey, that contextual computing needs to be discreet: such systems are, in effect, judging people and trying to influence their behaviour.───戴先生說這表明環(huán)境計算必須非常嚴謹：這樣的系統(tǒng)實際上是對人作出判斷并影響人的行為。

19 、The conclusions of this paper are mostly the same with task performance, but as for contextual performance these conclusions are out of focus.───如果將工作績效分解為任務績效和周邊績效兩個維度進行研究，那么本文的研究結論主要適用于任務績效，而對于周邊績效而言則相對不明確。

20 、Language Independent Named Entity Recognition Combining Morphological and Contextual Evidence?───一種獨立于語言的命名實體識別方法。

21 、Dr Nissenbaum has been working with Mr Barth to turn these wordy descriptions of the variables of contextual integrity into formal expressions that can be incorporated into computer programs.───尼森堡姆教授和巴斯先生一起共事，把關于語境完整性的變量的冗長的描述轉化為一種可以組織成為計算機程序的標準表達式。

22 、The way of study of sport injury's stress and coping chiefly used ego-psychology model and contextual model to research their coping process.───對于運動損傷者的應激與應付的研究主要采取自我心理學模式和場合模式探討運動損傷者的應付過程。

23 、Contextual inquiry methods closely parallel the methods described here, but with some subtle and important differences.───情境調查方法和下面將要描述的方法大致類似，但也有一些細微之處顯著不同。

24 、We normally spends from 90 minutes to two hours with each contextual inquiry participant.───我們通常度過從90 分鐘到二個小時與各個上下文詢問參加者。

25 、The ensemble can be seen as a contextual patchwork made of prefabricated red shingles, timber pillars, zinc, flower pots, copper, whitewash plaster and coarse concrete left rough.───樂團可以看作是內容拼湊了預制紅色帶狀皰疹，木材支柱，鋅，花盆，銅，粉飾灰泥和粗具體左粗糙。

26 、I do not know enough to frame a question that is contextual enough to elicit a definitive answer.───我知道的不足以得到上下文環(huán)境主夠得到答案的問題。

27 、A contextual definition of "legal duty" might be "x has a legal duty to do y means that x is required to do y by a contract relationship that would be upheld in a court of law".───“法定義務”的上下文定義可以為“x具有做y事的法定義務意味著x須按照被法院支持的合同關系來做y事”。

28 、And then the audience decodes and infers the communicator"s intention by applying the information of the utterance combined with the contextual assumptions.───聽眾**后再運用話語中表達出的信息以及語境假設，推測出交際者的交際意圖。

29 、In translating activities lingual, contextual, stylistic and cultural schemata should be transferred successfully.───在圖式翻譯過程中要重點進行語言圖式、語境圖式、文體圖式和文化圖式的成功傳譯。

30 、Processing effort and contextual effect are two utmost important indicators of relevance.───處理努力和語境效果是衡量關聯(lián)性強弱的兩個主要因素。

31 、The guideline begins with overarching, contextual guidance and moves to more specific deployment models.───指南從最重要和上下文指導開始，然后再轉到更加具體的部署模型。

32 、In matching items the test taker must match the words or phrases that are similar. Again take advantage of the process of elimination by doing the easy items first, and look for grammatical or contextual clues that may be helpful.───在這類測驗中，應試者必須把相近的詞或短語配起對來，仍然可以采取先做容易題的辦法，利用排除疑點的過程，然后在語法和上下文中尋找可能有幫助的線索。

33 、From the file extension, database connection string, or other appropriate contextual information.───同樣也由文件擴展名、數(shù)據(jù)庫連接字符串、或者其他的適當?shù)纳舷挛男畔泶_定數(shù)據(jù)源類型

34 、It is argued that the third approach should be taken.The interpretation of nominal tautology requires both conventional knowledge and contextual knowledge.───我們同意第三種觀點，即對同語應該采取折中的態(tài)度，即對它們的理解既需要常規(guī)知識，又需要依靠語境。

35 、A contextual command tab contains the commands most likely to apply to what you are doing.───上下文命令選項卡中包含最可能適用您目前工作的命令。

36 、The code editor colorizes contextual keywords appropriately.───代碼編輯器會相應地對上下文關鍵字進行著色。

37 、Contextual: The interpretation of any work or assertion must accord with its context.───二、關于語法：圣經字句的解釋必須與原文所使用的語法和句法和諧一致。

38 、A polysemous word and its contextual meaning───多義詞和它的上下文意義

39 、The code for the Translation class needs to be augmented to handle contextual information.───Translation類的代碼需要擴展成處理上下文信息。

40 、Some of the writing issues concerned are popular, and addressed from programmatic, contextual, disciplinary, political and web-technical perspectives.───其中有些現(xiàn)代寫作方法的研究領域涉及項目的、語篇的、學科的、政治的、還有網絡技術的問題。

41 、And I need to look at the whole thing so that I can... contextualize the forget it, you're never gonna understand.─── 我得看著整本書 才能...聯(lián)系上下文... 算了 你永遠也不會懂

42 、The content items cross-reference each other to provide relevant contextual details.───內容項相互交叉引用以提供相關的上下文詳細信息。

43 、So that we can contextualize the materials we found.─── 以便我們結合新發(fā)現(xiàn)的物質一起考慮

44 、For kiosks, the contextual concerns focus more on the environment in which the kiosk is being placed and also on social concerns: What role does the kiosk play in the environment? Is the kiosk in the main flow of public traffic?───對于信息亭系統(tǒng)，情境考慮主要集中在該信息亭所處的環(huán)境，還有其社會影響。 即該信息亭在這個環(huán)境下，要起什么作用?

45 、If you would like to see contextual information about this track, you should add it to your Collection.───如果您希望可以看到更多這個曲目的系絡資料，您應該把它加入您的音樂集里。

46 、In these researches, one of them treats the organizational culture as an antecedent variable or contextual factor for organizational performance.───一為將組織文化視為影響績效的前置變項或脈絡性因素；

47 、I mean, it's all contextual, and I do.─── 這都有前后聯(lián)系 我也知道

48 、contextual clues can help one to find the meaning───上下文所提供的線索有助於了解其意義

49 、For kiosks, the contextual concerns focus more on the environment in which the kiosk is being placed and also on social concerns: What role does the kiosk play in the environment?───對于信息亭系統(tǒng)，情境考慮主要集中在該信息亭所處的環(huán)境，還有其社會影響。

50 、The contextual analysis can help to determine the specific meaning of the polysemy in a sentence and rule out the ambiguities.───利用上下文語境可以確定多義詞在語句中的具體語義、排除歧義，可以確定語句中詞語的語法意義。

51 、Therefore,a teaching scheme with various types of contextual aids in vocabulary development,particularly appropriate for our college students,has been suggested.───因此,提出了旨在培養(yǎng)詞匯識別技能的教學方案,其**別強調了上下文語境的指導性作用。

52 、Reference bearing relation context contextual───親戚,社會關系,血緣關系

53 、Abstract: This essay focuses on the localized traits and contextual implications of the commercial law with historical and perspective clues.───內容摘要：本文以歷史與比較觀察為線索，深入研究商法的本土性特征及語境化含義。

54 、Relevance theory assumes that human communication aims at achieving optimal relevance.The hearer expects that his attempt at interpretation can yield adequate contextual effects at minimal effort.───關聯(lián)理論認為人類交際活動旨在實現(xiàn)最佳關聯(lián),即聽者希望以最小的努力獲得足夠的語境效果。

55 、A Contextual Study of the Chinese Word "Que"───"卻"的語境研究

56 、Whole-value substitution attacks can be thwarted by adding contextual information to the plaintext before encrypting it.───加密純文本前在該文本中添加上下文信息,可避免上述整個值替換攻擊。

57 、The Spell Check tool also performs contextual spelling analysis.───“拼寫檢查”工具也執(zhí)行上下文拼寫分析。

58 、By contextual interpretation, we define the module in a certain situation.───情境口譯是在一個特定場景下的口譯。

59 、Contextual clues can help one to find the meaning.───上下文所提供的線索有助于了解其意義。

60 、If you are comfortable extracting needs in this format, it works quite well; otherwise, you may find it helpful to separate them into data, functional, and contextual requirements, as described in the following sections.───如果你習慣于以這種方式提取需求，那很好；否則你可以像下面的一些小節(jié)描述的那樣將它們區(qū)分成數(shù)據(jù)的、功能的和情境的需求。

61 、Besides, NEG-marks are subject to contextual restraints in negative imperative sentences.───對強調式的制約主要表現(xiàn)在對強調標記的選擇與對意志語氣強度的限制兩個方面;

62 、It's also easy for users to take advantage of rich formatting options with the contextual diagramming menus in the Office Fluent user interface.───借助Office Fluent用戶界面中的上下文相關圖示菜單,用戶還可以方便地使用豐富的格式選項。

63 、The codified technical information assumes a whole background of contextual knowledge and practices that might be very incomplete in a developing country.───已編碼的技術信息假設有一個完全的背景知識和實踐經驗的上下文環(huán)境，但這種環(huán)境在發(fā)展中國家經常是非常不完全的。

64 、However, in modern societies it is a common-place that purely scientific arguments alone will not do, nor will metaphysical or theological arguments, and the same goes for contextual arguments relying on contingent traditions or settings.───但是，在現(xiàn)代社會，常見的情形是，單靠純科學的論證不可能做到這一點，形而上學的或神學的論證也不能做到，同樣，依賴于傳統(tǒng)或習俗的語境化的論證也做不到這一點。

65 、Encapsulates contextual information about the management unit currently being managed during the execution of a Web service method on a module service.───[本主題是預發(fā)布的文檔，在將來發(fā)布的版本中可能會有更改?？瞻字黝}是為將來預留的。

66 、If this attribute is the single identifying attribute of the entity, specifying Role uses the role name as the contextual name.───如果此屬性是實體的唯一標識屬性,則指定Role會將角色名用作上下文名稱。

67 、The purpose of any writer, no matter whether he is demanding or releasing readers' processing effort, or highlighting contextual effect, is to achieve the most ideal relevance and complete the communication with readers.───作者在交際過程中無論是增減讀者的處理努力或者突出文本的語境效果,其目的都是實現(xiàn)最佳關聯(lián),最終完成作者與讀者之間的交際。

68 、Basd on the introduction and analysis of the studies of contextual cuing effect under the two paradigms, we proposed the future studies under the change detection task paradigm.───在對以往兩種任務范式下的背景線索效應進行介紹分析的基礎上，展望了今后在變化覺察任務范式下的研究。

69 、The loss of region specialty and contextual spirit has unprecedentedly threatened the social memory of ancient town's space.───地域特色與文脈精神的喪失，使古城鎮(zhèn)空間的社會記憶正面臨著前所未有的威脅，

70 、The key to Lupia's argument is the mechanism of contextual information.───Lupia的關鍵論點是訊息脈絡（上文下理）的運作。

71 、Contextual inquiry forms a solid theoretical foundation for qualitative research, but as a specific method it has some limitations and inefficiencies.───情境調查形成了定性研究的理論基礎，但作為一種具體的方法，至少在作者看來，它存在一些限制，而且效率不高。

72 、Office PowerPoint 2007 makes these tools readily available through the streamlined user interface and contextual menus, so that in just a few clicks, your work can have greater impact.───Office PowerPoint 2007通過簡化的用戶界面和上下文菜單使這些工具隨時可用,這樣只需進行幾次單擊,便可使您的作品更具感染力。

73 、Contextual clues can help one to find the meaning .───上下文線索有助于了解意思。

74 、E_valueNotAllowed: (20210) Signifies that a value did not pass validation because of contextual issues. The value may be valid in some contexts, but not in the context used.───E_valueNotAllowed: (20210) 表明在當前的上下文中，對于提供的值而言是無法通過合法性檢驗的驗證的，雖然在某些上下文中，它也有可能是合法的。

75 、We’ve found that awareness is often higher with non-contextually targeted ads, but engagement and recall is higher with contextual ads.───我們發(fā)現(xiàn)與上下文無關的**被 覺察 到的機會更高，但是上下文相關的**有更高的 關注 率和回憶率。

76 、For many years, computer vision researchers have worked hard to incorporate prior knowledge and contextual information into vision systems.───多年來,電腦影像研究員都努力不懈地將先進的知識和背景的資料加入影像系統(tǒng)當中。

77 、Therefore, a teaching scheme with various types of contextual aids in vocabulary development, particularly appropriate for our college students, has been suggested.───因此，提出了旨在培養(yǎng)詞匯識別技能的教學方案，其**別強調了上下文語境的指導性作用。

78 、It's so contextual, but at the same time, wholly independent.─── 你的作品是緊密聯(lián)系的 卻同時也相互獨立

79 、What is more, he needs to renegotiate the deal that gave Google the exclusive right to place contextual advertisements on MySpace, a social network owned by News Corp, back in 2006.───另外，他還需要重新協(xié)商與谷歌在2006年達成的給予谷歌在新聞集團旗下的社交網站MySpace獨家文字**刊登權的協(xié)議。

80 、In both studies, consistent with result of previous research, was the main effect of task and contextual performance has impact on the Supervisory reward decision.───兩個研究結果顯示，任務性及脈絡性績效表現(xiàn)如過去研究結論一致，對主管獎酬決策有影響；

81 、It's easy for users to take advantage of rich formatting options with new contextual diagramming menus.───借助新的上下文圖示菜單,用戶可以方便地使用豐富的格式設置選項。

82 、EC analyzes the participant's actual accomplishment of the discourse, the perceptions and understandings of the participants, and contextual information of the discourse.───交際民俗學的研究分析參與者的實際會話要求，會話發(fā)生的情景信息以及參與者的感覺與理解。

83 、In the whole process of constructing the version, contextual cognition has played a very important role.───在翻譯文本建構的整個過程中，語境認知扮演了很重要的角色。

84 、The special contextual practice of social drink is gradually solidified into the “social modality”， the image of which turns into nothingness and formalization by degrees.───當飲酒社交特殊的情境實踐逐步被凝固為一種“社會形式”的同時，其所具有的意象也日趨走向虛無與形式化。

85 、The error text may contain information about the contextual problem.───引發(fā)這個上下文問題的原因將在錯誤文本中被明確地指明。

86 、People try to produce the contextual practice founded on their own benefits， forming a ritualistic “social drama”.───人們試圖在飲酒社交消費中進行各種符合自己利益的情境化的表演實踐，形成儀式的“社會劇”。

什么是關系績效理論Contextual

關系績效理論：

關系績效的提出是建立在組織公民行為（OCB）等相關概念的基礎之上，同時是在與任務績效相比照而得來的。

03語用意義

Chapter **ragmatic Meaning

2017.9.20

Semantic meaning and pragmatic meaning

Semantic meaning is a conventionized formof meaning. Words mean certain things by generally accepted convention. e.g.dog- a certain kind of animal.

Pragmatic meaning is distinctlynon-conventional in nature, it is the meaning of a word used in certaincontext. (meaning in use or meaning in context)

Context

Two types of contexts:

1. Linguistic (verbal) context (言語): words, clauses, sentences, paragraphs, or wholebooks in which a word appears.

Linguistic context can be further divided

into：Lexical context and Grammatical context

2. Extra-linguistic context: the actual

speech situation in which a word is used.指語言以外的因素

The

importance of context in eliminating ambiguity

Ambiguity refers to a word, a phrase, asentence with more than one possible meaning.Ambiguity may be caused by

1. Polysemy

(一詞多義).

He painted a tree.

to put paint on a surface; to make a

picture

2. Homonymy (同音/同形異義). Two words look alike or sound alike, but differ inmeaning

The ball was attractive.

3. Grammatical structure.

Visiting relatives may be boring.

Characteristics of Pragmatic Meaning

1. Etymological subsidiarity原詞附屬性

The pragmatic meaning of a word is closelyrelated to its original meaning, pronunciation, and form.

2. Subjective experientiality主觀體驗性

Pragmatic meaning carries strong personalfeeling because of different individual's personal experience.

3. Meaning uncertainty意義不確定性

Pragmatic meaning is uncertain when factorssuch as age, nationality, time, place, etc. are involved.

Pragmatic narrowing: Narrowing is the casewhere a word is used to convey a more specific sense than the encoded one.

At Christmas, the bird was delicious. (turkey)

Pragmatic broadening: a word is used toconvey a more general sense.

They are thirsty to death.擴展了thirsty的意義，夸大了渴的程度。

4.Conceptual temporality概念臨時性

When the meaning of a word is deviated from

its basic meaning, then concept adjustment is needed according to the context

because the specific meaning of this word relies completely on the context.在特定語境中產生的語用意義，臨時的，會隨著語境的消失而不復存在。

e.g. I will ask her about it this weekend.

I, her, it, this weekend為特定語境中所指信息，只有聯(lián)系語境，才能理解以上詞語的真正語用含義。

5. Contextual interdependency語境共生性

Pragmatic meaning is the meaning incontext, so context plays an important role in determining the pragmaticmeaning of a word. Here context not only refers to the sentence or paragraphwhere the word appears, but also the actual speech situation or even the wholecultural background.

Classification of Pragmatic meaning

1. Imitative meaning仿義型

2. Opposite meaning反義型(irony)

3.Broadened or narrowed meaning增減型

4.Distortional meaning畸變型

Communicative Function of Pragmatic Meaning

1. Constructing rhetorical devices

2. Explaining anomalous phenomenon

3. Expressing individual feelings

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