?inroads

inroads發(fā)音

['inrəudz]

英：　　美：

inroads中文意思翻譯

n. 侵入, 襲擊, 侵害

名詞inroad的復(fù)數(shù)形式

inroads常見例句

1 、I'd be happy to share the strategic inroads we're making, but for right now, we'd appreciate your help unifying the movement.─── 我很樂意分享我們的戰(zhàn)略進展 但是現(xiàn)在 我們希望你能幫忙組織這項運動

2 、He was an honest man, oppressed by the inroads of dissent.───他是個誠實的人，為不信教者的侵蝕所苦惱。

3 、It would go a long way toward helping us find an inroad.─── 能為我們的進展提供極大幫助

4 、make inroads on crop───侵害農(nóng)作物

5 、make inroads into a country───[法] 侵襲某一得國家

6 、Bhupathi and Mirza could not make any inroads into their opponents' serve，winning just seven receiving points for the match，and were under constant pressure.───布帕迪和米爾扎在對手發(fā)球中毫無斬獲，只得到了七個接發(fā)球得分，壓力激增。

7 、This article is based on the material balance equation and the no fixed water inroad equation,educe the equation of the no water recovery and the water coming time.───以物質(zhì)平衡方式和不定態(tài)水侵公式等油藏工程理論為基礎(chǔ),得出無水期采收率和油藏見水時間的計算公式。

8 、At this time of national disaster and intensified clashes between indigenous and Western cultures and as the traditional Chinese religions struggled for survival, Protestantism and Catholicism made large-scale inroads into China.───中國傳統(tǒng)宗教在國難當(dāng)頭和中西文化沖突的夾縫中掙扎，這時基督教（Protestantism）和天主教（Catholicism）卻大規(guī)模傳入中國。

9 、And you may think you've made some inroads at my firm, but I guarantee you, it's not gonna last.─── 而且你可能覺得你在我的律所取得了一些進展 但我向你保證 不會長久的

10 、Unhampered by matrimony or widowhood, they made vast inroads on the convalescents, and even the least attractive girls, Scarlett observed gloomily, had no difficulty in getting engaged.───她們既未結(jié)婚又非守寡，便樂得向那些康復(fù)者大舉進攻，據(jù)思嘉冷眼旁觀，于是連那些很不好看的姑娘，也是不難找到訂婚對象的了。

11 、A strong euro not only threatens Germany's market share in the US, says Mr Ruerup.He fears it will also curb German sales in the eurozone and in Asia where lower-cost competitors are making inroads.───呂魯普先生表示，他擔(dān)心歐元走強不僅會威脅德國產(chǎn)品在美國的市場份額，而且會抑制德國在歐元區(qū)及亞洲的銷售情況，而低成本的競爭國正在亞洲侵占地盤。

12 、The havoc that months had previously wrought was now emulated by the inroads of hours.───前幾個月已經(jīng)使他垮下來，如今更是一小時一小時地在惡化。

13 、Hitler made no inroads on the famous state art collections of France.───希特勒沒有侵犯法國各著名的國立藝術(shù)收藏所。

14 、They tried their best to stay the inroads of a disease .───他們盡力阻止疾病的侵入。

15 、Some see it as a tool that can aid domestic and government-owned companies and protect them from inroads by foreign multinationals.───一些人將其視為幫助國內(nèi)和國有企業(yè)，防止它們受到外資企業(yè)沖擊的一個工具。

16 、But I've made some inroads with the library staff.─── 但我已經(jīng)打入圖書管理員內(nèi)部了

17 、Tax rises have made some inroads into the country's national debt.───增加稅收已使國債有所減少。

18 、But President Bush made significant inroads among Hispanics and his successful presidential bids.He won more than 40 percent of the Hispanic vote in 2004.───但是布什為其成功的總統(tǒng)競選在拉美裔內(nèi)部做出了重大的突破，在2004年他獲得了40%的拉美裔投票。

19 、Many students complained that their career-service departments didn't do enough to help them build contacts or make inroads to a new career.───很多學(xué)生抱怨說，他們的求職服務(wù)部沒有盡力幫助他們建立聯(lián)系或為通向新的職業(yè)鋪平道路。

20 、O. had trouble winning working class support in his primary battles with former rival Hillary Clinton, but pollster C.R. says he appears to be making some inroads.───與前對手希拉里克林頓對決時沒有把握贏得工人階層的支持，但是民意調(diào)查專家C.R.稱他正在取得一些進展。

21 、inroads on wheat field───侵害麥田

22 、The implementation of CEPA will help our enterprises make further inroads into the Mainland market.───CEPA的實施,將有助香港企業(yè)進一步拓展內(nèi)地市場。

23 、In Manhattan, the borough president, Ruth Messinger, worked hard for me, as did her young aide, Marty Rouse, who helped me make inroads into the gay community.───在曼哈頓區(qū)，區(qū)長露絲.梅辛杰賣力地為我拉選票，她年輕的助手馬蒂.勞斯也是如此，幫我打入了同性戀社會。

24 、make inroads on one's health───使其健康受到損害

25 、Already the children had made considerable inroads on the food.───孩子們早已吃掉不少食物。

26 、Their products are already making inroads in these new markets.───他們的產(chǎn)品成功進入了這些新的市場。

27 、The company is starting to make inroads into the lucrative soft-drinks market.───公司開始對賺錢的無酒精飲料市場做出努力。

28 、Steel siding is available the world over, and quickly making inroads into the larger vinyl and aluminum industries.───不過，這種敲邊處理對地板面層要求嚴格，如果太薄，經(jīng)過敲邊，容易造成地板開裂。

29 、But President Bush made significant inroads among Hispanics in his successful presidential bids.───但是布什總統(tǒng)在他當(dāng)年的成功選舉中，其中的西班牙取得重大的勝利。

30 、But President Bush made significant inroads among Hispanics in his successful president bids.───但是布什總統(tǒng)在他成功的總統(tǒng)競選中獲得了大量拉美裔的支持。

31 、Today's paper artists have made accelerated inroads into other realms like fashion design and product design.───向讀者展示了圖案設(shè)計領(lǐng)域的最新趨勢，書中還包括特別為本書設(shè)計的作品。

32 、Obama had trouble winning working class support in his primary battles with formal former arrival Hillary Clinton. But Pollster Clay Richards says he appears to be making some inroads.───奧巴馬與上階段競爭者希拉里爭奪工人階級支持率時碰到了一些麻煩，不過民意調(diào)查專家理查德稱他似乎將開展一系列的進攻措施。

33 、NSS is making a very major inroad in both GSM and CDMA.───其他部門也呈現(xiàn)良好的發(fā)展形勢。

34 、At a time when dishonesty and selfishness seem to be making inroads into American life, Mazur’s selflessness set him apart as a role model.───當(dāng)狡詐與自私似乎正侵蝕美國社會的今天，麥哲的無私精神讓他脫俗而成為典范。

35 、inroads on the domestic market───對國內(nèi)市場的侵蝕

36 、Doctors are making great inroads in the fight against cancer.───在抗癌的戰(zhàn)斗中醫(yī)生正取得重大進展。

37 、Sophia's people have made inroads at the highest levels.─── 索菲婭的人早就打入了我們高層內(nèi)部

38 、And the pricetoearnings ratio is up a sharp 11% from this time last year, largely due to inroads into a new tech, vascular diagnostics, and treatment market.─── 與去年同期相比 公司的本益比顯著提高了11% 這大部分得益于血管診斷學(xué)等 新技術(shù)的獲得和治療類市場

39 、Hospital bills had made deep inroads into her savings.───住院的花銷用去她一大筆積蓄。

40 、Obama had trouble winning working class support in his primary battles with former rival Hillary Clinton, but pollster Clay Richards says he appears to be making some inroads.───奧巴馬在贏得工作一族的支持上不如他的前對手希拉里，但是他看來正在有所行動，

41 、Cationic epoxy systems have not found a major inroad into the wood coating markets.───它還沒被發(fā)現(xiàn)進入木制品涂料行業(yè)。

42 、We can't just be happy to be the best in Oceania and expect to make any inroads in terms of recognition.We need to be proving ourselves on stages like this one.───“我們不會安逸于我們是大洋洲的霸主，希望能通過比賽我們被世人所認識，我們希望在這樣的舞臺證明自己?！?/p>

43 、And here I thought I had made real inroads with you guys.─── 我還以為我把你們禍害得不輕呢

44 、inroad n.───侵略;侵害;

45 、The Roman Empire began to decline in the 3rd century,increasingly troubled by the inroads of northern tribes such as the Goths.───公元3世紀，羅馬帝國由于受到來自北方的部落民族如哥特任的侵擾而開始衰退。

46 、The little rusticities and awkwardnesses which had at first made grievous inroads on the tranquility of all, and not least of herself, necessarily wore awa...───她起初引起大家議論紛紛，并使自己忐忑不安的那些小小的粗俗無知和笨拙，自然而然地消失了。

47 、Amy Woo, "China-Health: AIDS makes Deadly Inroads in the Hinterlands," Inter Press Service (New Delhi), 24 April 1997; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 24 April 1997, http://www.lexisnexis.com .───4月7日在世界衛(wèi)生日的紀念會上，衛(wèi)生部長陳敏章說“艾滋病現(xiàn)在正在中國流行”。

48 、The company acquired several Chinese brands as a way to make inroads into the market quickly.───為了盡快打入市場，該公司先后收購了好幾個中國眼鏡品牌。

49 、The long illness made serious inroads into his savings.───他長期患病使他耗去許多積蓄。

50 、These hospital expenses made inroads on my savings.───醫(yī)院的這些費用嚴重消耗了我的積蓄。

51 、Citing an example, he said Petronas made inroads into Uzbekistan in 1994 but went in aggressively in 2004.───他舉例說，馬來西亞國家石油公司進軍烏茲別克斯坦于1994年，但在積極地去在2004年。

52 、make inroads into───侵襲侵入

53 、Meanwhile digital presses make inroads in volume runs.───同時數(shù)碼印刷機的推出，以數(shù)量計分。

54 、In the realm of Jewish culture, books on Jewish subjects that have been translated into Chinese have succeeded in making inroads among the broad public.───在猶太的文化的領(lǐng)域， 在在寬廣的公眾之中做襲擊在那已經(jīng)被翻譯成漢語的猶太的對象上的書已經(jīng)成功。

55 、Post-modernism and the Social Science: Insights, Inroads, and Intrusions───后現(xiàn)代主義和社會科學(xué):洞察、襲擊和侵擾

56 、Private entrepreneurs in China have made substantial inroads into the steel sector in the past decade, usually by buying up and restructuring tottering state-owned firms like Tonghua.───2005年，私有的建龍集團首次提議收購?fù)ㄤ?。建龍是中國最大的私營鋼鐵企業(yè)之一。

57 、A radically different scheme known as continuously variable transmission (CVT) has lurked in the background for 50 years, however, and has recently made inroads in small and midsize cars and in hybrid vehicles.───另有一種截然不同的設(shè)計，稱為無段自動變速系統(tǒng)（CVT），50年來一直鮮少被注意，最近開始出現(xiàn)在中小型汽車和混合動力車輛上。

58 、The Volkswagen, shaped like a Beetle, quirky and idiosyncratic, made inroads into the lives of people who wanted a car that was sturdy, popular, and different.───形似甲殼蟲、風(fēng)格怪異、獨具特點的“大眾”牌轎車突然闖入到那些需要結(jié)實耐用、時尚流行、與眾不同的轎車的人們的生活中。

59 、invade; intrude; make an incursion; make inroads───入侵

60 、Already the children have make considerable inroad on the food───孩子們早已吃掉不少食物

61 、Abroad, Western powers were making ominous inroads.───國外，西方勢力露出侵略的野心。

62 、It is the dominant religion in Europe, North, Central and South America, and has made significant inroads in all other parts of the world.───它在歐洲與整個美洲占統(tǒng)治地位，在其他地區(qū)也擁有巨大影響力。

63 、All the more astounding, then, that sake has also made inroads into the inner sanctum of French gastronomy, mainly within the last year.───令人吃驚之馀，日本清酒已入侵法國烹調(diào)內(nèi)殿；這主要是過去一年內(nèi)的事。

64 、make inroad into sb.'s life───干預(yù)某人的生活

65 、He shared RI's initiatives in China( two clubs to be chartered), the Rotary handshake between Turkey and Cypress and recent Rotary inroads in Cuba.───他分享了在中國的國際扶輪運動（個臨時扶輪社將要被授證）扶輪于土耳其與塞普勒斯居間促成握手言和以及最近扶輪于古巴的進展。

66 、inroads on one's health───使某人的健康受到損害

67 、We make inroads into the communities, we make better connections with the council people and, you know, we'll pass it when we can.─── 我們影響了很多社區(qū) 我們和市議員聯(lián)系得更密切了 所以 等我們能的時候我們就能通過了

68 、So he already has inroads to the military.─── 所以他已經(jīng)潛入了軍方系統(tǒng)

69 、But Richard rival Hillary Clinton, but pollster Clay Richards says he appears to be making some inwords inroads.───但是民意測驗專家克雷理查德說奧巴馬在這方面已經(jīng)有所改善。

70 、until, these having become sufficiently powerful to repel such inroads, the invading nations, deprived of this outlet, were obliged also to become agricultural communities.───后來農(nóng)業(yè)部落變得強大得能夠擊退這種入侵，入侵的部落便失去了這種出路，也就被迫變成農(nóng)業(yè)社會。

71 、''It's a very difficult process," he said.''I think we have a great inroad into that process with Yao and Tracy being so young and being so great.───“這真是個艱難的過程呀”，他說，“我想我們的開頭做的很棒，你看，姚和麥蒂是那么年輕，那么出色。

72 、Several points of analysis and suggestions on the inroads of china fire products into the US market───中國消防產(chǎn)品進入美國市場的幾點分析及建議

73 、Fortunately the establishment of the new Applied Scholastics international training center means we can make inroads towards handling this problem at the proper order of magnitude.───幸運地是新的應(yīng)用教育哲學(xué)國際訓(xùn)練中心之成立，這代表我們能以恰當(dāng)?shù)某叨葋砩钊胩幚磉@類的問題。

74 、The expenses of her illness made inroads upon the money that she had saved.───她治病花去的開銷用去了不少她的積蓄。

75 、The peasants sprayed pesticides to prevent the inroads of locusts on the crops.───農(nóng)民們噴灑農(nóng)藥,以防止蝗蟲侵害莊稼。

76 、Armed with digital multi-media technologies and marketing know-how, ReignCom is all set to make major inroads into the fast-growing car information system market.───在數(shù)碼多媒體科技和市場運做知識的武裝下，電友公司準備就緒，要大舉攻入快速成長的汽車信息系統(tǒng)市場。

77 、Ms Tymoshenko is less territorial: most of her voters live in central Ukraine, but in this election she has made inroads in both east and west.───季莫申科則較少本土化，她的選民大多數(shù)集中在烏克蘭中部，但是在這次選舉中她在東部和西部都有“斬獲”。

78 、But he predicted that the opposition was not going to make much inroad into Umno strongholds.───對于我國的民主進程，他提出了“制度化，捉鬼，提升民主意識”。

79 、The refiner, which controls nearly a third of South Korea's oil market, has recently stepped up its efforts to make inroads into China in order to make up for sluggish domestic sales.───為了彌補國內(nèi)銷售的停滯，這家控制著韓國近三分之一油料市場的煉油商，最近加快了向中國進發(fā)的步伐。

80 、Microsoft is going to make inroads into the design market───微軟將進軍設(shè)計市場

81 、According to the Wall Street Journal, Bryant in recent years has waged a "deliberate campaign" to make inroads in the world's most populous country.───華爾街日報透露，科比在近些年來已經(jīng)開展了一項“深思熟慮的計劃”，尋求在這個世界上人口最為密集的國度取得進展。

82 、Women with keen intelligent minds are making inroads in formerly male-dominated occupations.───具有敏銳心智的女子正在進入以前男性占絕對優(yōu)勢的職業(yè)中。

83 、Juve have made inroads into their 17-point penalty with two wins and a draw from their opening three games, and Bojinov is confident they can secure promotion back to Serie A.───前三輪比賽過后，尤文取得兩勝一平的成績，已經(jīng)使他們的-17分減少。博季諾夫信心十足地認為，球隊能夠確?；貧w甲級。

84 、Sportswear and equipment manufacturers have been making inroads in the past few years.───體育服裝和涂育用品生產(chǎn)商在過去的幾年中有了很大發(fā)展。

85 、Their resent economic difficulties have caused serious inroads to be made into their gold and currency reserves.───他們最近的經(jīng)濟困難造成他們黃金儲備和貨幣儲備嚴重削減。

86 、For those companies that have made inroads over several years, the Games represented a moment for people worldwide to wake up to the potential of China as a business and leisure destination.───對于那些幾年來已進入中國的公司而言，北京奧運會就是這樣一個市口：全世界的人民都將意識到，中國作為商務(wù)和休閑目的地具有巨大的潛力。

87 、As one sips the fragrant brew, the mind traipses back a year or so, recalling with some trepidation the stealthy inroads the Chinese dragon has been making in the day-to-day aspects of our lives.───在品嘗這芬芳的泡茶的同時，思緒回到一年多以前，不安地想起中國龍如何鬼鬼祟祟地進入我們生活的方方面面。

88 、"The militants have been making inroads into Peshawar for many months, if not longer, and I do not think anything happened necessarily in Peshawar happened that was new this week to prompt this.───他說：“激進分子侵占白沙瓦的情況至少已經(jīng)持續(xù)了幾個月了，我不認為這個星期白沙瓦一定發(fā)生了什么新的事情激化了目前的局面。

89 、Although Golden Dragon started off as a light coach builder, it ventured into the medium-sized coach market in 1997 and made inroads into the large-sized coach manufacturing sector in 1999.───公司雖然從制造輕型客車起家，但面對市場需求的變化，先后于1997年開始進軍中型客車市場，于1999年起大舉進入大型客車制造領(lǐng)域。

邱吉爾在二戰(zhàn)期間對德宣戰(zhàn)演講稿

Iron

Curtain

Speech

by

Winston

Churchill,

1946

本文名句：

"From

Stettin

in

the

Baltic

to

Trieste

in

the

Adriatic

an

iron

curtain

has

descended

across

the

Continent."

President

McCluer,

ladies

and

gentlemen,

and

last,

but

certainly

not

least,

the

President

of

the

United

States

of

America:

I

am

very

glad

indeed

to

come

to

Westminster

College

this

afternoon,

and

I

am

complimented

that

you

should

give

me

a

degree

from

an

institution

whose

reputation

has

been

so

solidly

established.

The

name

"Westminster"

somehow

or

other

seems

familiar

to

me.

I

feel

as

if

I

have

heard

of

it

before.

Indeed

now

that

I

come

to

think

of

it,

it

was

at

Westminster

that

I

received

a

very

large

part

of

my

education

in

politics,

dialectic,

rhetoric,

and

one

or

two

other

things.

In

fact

we

have

both

been

educated

at

the

same,

or

similar,

or,

at

any

rate,

kindred

establishments.

It

is

also

an

honor,

ladies

and

gentlemen,

perhaps

almost

unique,

for

a

private

visitor

to

be

introduced

to

an

academic

audience

by

the

President

of

the

United

States.

Amid

his

heavy

burdens,

duties,

and

responsibilities--unsought

but

not

recoiled

from--the

President

has

traveled

a

thousand

miles

to

dignify

and

magnify

our

meeting

here

to-day

and

to

give

me

an

opportunity

of

addressing

this

kindred

nation,

as

well

as

my

own

countrymen

across

the

ocean,

and

perhaps

some

other

countries

too.

The

President

has

told

you

that

it

is

his

wish,

as

I

am

sure

it

is

yours,

that

I

should

have

full

liberty

to

give

my

true

and

faithful

counsel

in

these

anxious

and

baffling

times.

I

shall

certainly

avail

myself

of

this

freedom,

and

feel

the

more

right

to

do

so

because

any

private

ambitions

I

may

have

cherished

in

my

younger

days

have

been

satisfied

beyond

my

wildest

dreams.

Let

me

however

make

it

clear

that

I

have

no

official

mission

or

st

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邱吉爾在二戰(zhàn)期間對德宣戰(zhàn)演講稿

Iron Curtain Speech

by Winston Churchill, 1946

本文名句： "From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the Continent."

President McCluer, ladies and gentlemen, and last, but certainly not least, the President of the United States of America:

I am very glad indeed to come to Westminster College this afternoon, and I am complimented that you should give me a degree from an institution whose reputation has been so solidly established. The name "Westminster" somehow or other seems familiar to me. I feel as if I have heard of it before. Indeed now that I come to think of it, it was at Westminster that I received a very large part of my education in politics, dialectic, rhetoric, and one or two other things. In fact we have both been educated at the same, or similar, or, at any rate, kindred establishments.

It is also an honor, ladies and gentlemen, perhaps almost unique, for a private visitor to be introduced to an academic audience by the President of the United States. Amid his heavy burdens, duties, and responsibilities--unsought but not recoiled from--the President has traveled a thousand miles to dignify and magnify our meeting here to-day and to give me an opportunity of addressing this kindred nation, as well as my own countrymen across the ocean, and perhaps some other countries too. The President has told you that it is his wish, as I am sure it is yours, that I should have full liberty to give my true and faithful counsel in these anxious and baffling times. I shall certainly avail myself of this freedom, and feel the more right to do so because any private ambitions I may have cherished in my younger days have been satisfied beyond my wildest dreams. Let me however make it clear that I have no official mission or status of any kind, and that I speak only for myself. There is nothing here but what you see.

I can therefore allow my mind, with the experience of a lifetime, to play over the problems which beset us on the morrow of our absolute victory in arms, and to try to make sure with what strength I have that what has gained with so much sacrifice and suffering shall be preserved for the future glory and safety of mankind.

Ladies and gentlemen, the United States stands at this time at the pinnacle of world power. It is a solemn moment for the American Democracy. For with primacy in power is also joined an awe-inspiring accountability to the future. If you look around you, you must feel not only the sense of duty done but also you must feel anxiety lest you fall below the level of achievement. Opportunity is here and now, clear and shining for both our countries. To reject it or ignore it or fritter it away will bring upon us all the long reproaches of the after-time. It is necessary that the constancy of mind, persistency of purpose, and the grand simplicity of decision shall rule and guide the conduct of the English-speaking peoples in peace as they did in war. We must, and I believe we shall, prove ourselves equal to this severe requirement.

President McCluer, when American military men approach some serious situation they are wont to write at the head of their directive the words "over-all strategic concept". There is wisdom in this, as it leads to clarity of thought. What then is the over-all strategic concept which we should inscribe to-day? It is nothing less than the safety and welfare, the freedom and progress, of all the homes and families of all the men and women in all the lands. And here I speak particularly of the myriad cottage or apartment homes where the wage-earner strives amid the accidents and difficulties of life to guard his wife and children from privation and bring the family up the fear of the Lord, or upon ethical conceptions which often play their potent part.

To give security to these countless homes, they must be shielded form two gaunt marauders, war and tyranny. We al know the frightful disturbance in which the ordinary family is plunged when the curse of war swoops down upon the bread-winner and those for whom he works and contrives. The awful ruin of Europe, with all its vanished glories, and of large parts of Asia glares us in the eyes. When the designs of wicked men or the aggressive urge of mighty States dissolve over large areas the frame of civilized society, humble folk are confronted with difficulties with which they cannot cope. For them is all distorted, all is broken, all is even ground to pulp.

When I stand here this quiet afternoon I shudder to visualize what is actually happening to millions now and what is going to happen in this period when famine stalks the earth. None can compute what has been called "the unestimated sum of human pain". Our supreme task and duty is to guard the homes of the common people from the horrors and miseries of another war. We are all agreed on that.

Our American military colleagues, after having proclaimed their "over-all strategic concept" and computed available resources, always proceed to the next step--namely, the method. Here again there is widespread agreement. A world organization has already been erected for the prime purpose of preventing war. UNO, the successor of the League of Nations, with the decisive addition of the United States and all that that means, is already at work. We must make sure that its work is fruitful, that it is a reality and not a sham, that it is a force for action, and not merely a frothing of words, that it is a true temple of peace in which the shields of many nations can some day be hung up, and not merely a cockpit in a Tower of Babel. Before we cast away the solid assurances of national armaments for self-preservation we must be certain that our temple is built, not upon shifting sands or quagmires, but upon a rock. Anyone can see with his eyes open that our path will be difficult and also long, but if we persevere together as we did in the two world wars--though not, alas, in the interval between them--I cannot doubt that we shall achieve our common purpose in the end.

I have, however, a definite and practical proposal to make for action. Courts and magistrates may be set up but they cannot function without sheriffs and constables. The United Nations Organization must immediately begin to be equipped with an international armed force. In such a matter we can only go step by step, but we must begin now. I propose that each of the Powers and States should be invited to dedicate a certain number of air squadrons to the service of the world organization. These squadrons would be trained and prepared in their own countries, but would move around in rotation from one country to another. They would wear the uniforms of their own countries but with different badges. They would not be required to act against their own nation, but in other respects they would be directed by the world organization. This might be started on a modest scale and it would grow as confidence grew. I wished to see this done after the first world war, and I devoutly trust that it may be done forthwith.

It would nevertheless, ladies and gentlemen, be wrong and imprudent to entrust the secret knowledge or experience of the atomic bomb, which the United States, great Britain, and Canada now share, to the world organization, while still in its infancy. It would be criminal madness to cast it adrift in this still agitated and un-united world. No one country has slept less well in their beds because this knowledge and the method and the raw materials to apply it, are present largely retained in American hands. I do not believe we should all have slept so soundly had the positions been reversed and some Communist or neo-Fascist State monopolized for the time being these dread agencies. The fear of them alone might easily have been used to enforce totalitarian systems upon the free democratic world, with consequences appalling to human imagination. God has willed that this shall not be and we have at least a breathing space to set our world house in order before this peril has to be encountered: and even then, if no effort is spared, we should still possess so formidable a superiority as to impose effective deterrents upon its employment, or threat of employment, by others. Ultimately, when the essential brotherhood of man is truly embodied and expressed in a world organization with all the necessary practical safeguards to make it effective, these powers would naturally be confided to that world organizations.

Now I come to the second of the two marauders, to the second danger which threatens the cottage homes, and the ordinary people -- namely, tyranny. We cannot be blind to the fact that the liberties enjoyed by individual citizens throughout the United States and throughout the British Empire are not valid in a considerable number of countries, some of which are very powerful. In these States control is enforced upon the common people by various kinds of all-embracing police governments to a degree which is overwhelming and contrary to every principle of democracy. The power of the State is exercised without restraint, either by dictators or by compact oligarchies operating through a privileged party and a political police. It is not our duty at this time when difficulties are so numerous to interfere forcibly in the internal affairs of countries which we have not conquered in war. but we must never cease to proclaim in fearless tones the great principles of freedom and the rights of man which are the joint inheritance of the English-speaking world and which through Magna Carta, the Bill of rights, the Habeas Corpus, trial by jury, and the English common law find their most famous expression in the American Declaration of Independence.

All this means that the people of any country have the right, and should have the power by constitutional action, by free unfettered elections, with secret ballot, to choose or change the character or form of government under which they dwell; that freedom of speech and thought should reign; that courts of justice, independent of the executive, unbiased by any party, should administer laws which have received the broad assent of large majorities or are consecrated by time and custom. Here are the title deeds of freedom which should lie in every cottage home. Here is the message of the British and American peoples to mankind. Let us preach what we practice -- let us practice what we preach.

Though I have now stated the two great dangers which menace the home of the people, War and Tyranny, I have not yet spoken of poverty and privation which are in many cases the prevailing anxiety. But if the dangers of war and tyranny are removed, there is no doubt that science and cooperation can bring in the next few years, certainly in the next few decades, to the world, newly taught in the sharpening school of war, an expansion of material well-being beyond anything that has yet occurred in human experience.

Now, at this sad and breathless moment, we are plunged in the hunger and distress which are the aftermath of our stupendous struggle; but this will pass and may pass quickly, and there is no reason except human folly or sub-human crime which should deny to all the nations the inauguration and enjoyment of an age of plenty. I have often used words which I learn fifty years ago from a great Irish-American orator, a friend of mine, Mr. Bourke Cockran, "There is enough for all. The earth is a generous mother; she will provide in plentiful abundance food for all her children if they will but cultivate her soil in justice and peace." So far I feel that we are in full agreement.

Now, while still pursing the method--the method of realizing our over-all strategic concept, I come to the crux of what I have traveled here to say. Neither the sure prevention of war, nor the continuous rise of world organization will be gained without what I have called the fraternal association of the English-speaking peoples. This means a special relationship between the British Commonwealth and Empire and the United States of America. Ladies and gentlemen, this is no time for generality, and I will venture to the precise. Fraternal association requires not only the growing friendship and mutual understanding between our two vast but kindred systems of society, but the continuance of the intimate relations between our military advisers, leading to common study of potential dangers, the similarity of weapons and manuals of instructions, and to the interchange of officers and cadets at technical colleges. It should carry with it the continuance of the present facilities for mutual security by the joint use of all Naval and Air Force bases in the possession of either country all over the world. This would perhaps double the mobility of the American Navy and Air Force. It would greatly expand that of the British Empire forces and it might well lead, if and as the world calms down, to important financial savings. Already we use together a large number of islands; more may well be entrusted to our joint care in the near future.

the United States has already a Permanent Defense Agreement with the Dominion of Canada, which is so devotedly attached to the British Commonwealth and the Empire. This Agreement is more effective than many of those which have been made under formal alliances. This principle should be extended to all the British Commonwealths with full reciprocity. Thus, whatever happens, and thus only, shall we be secure ourselves and able to works together for the high and simple causes that are dear to us and bode no ill to any. Eventually there may come -- I feel eventually there will come -- the principle of common citizenship, but that we may be content to leave to destiny, whose outstretched arm many of us can already clearly see.

There is however an important question we must ask ourselves. Would a special relationship between the United States and the British Commonwealth be inconsistent with our over-riding loyalties to the World Organization? I reply that, on the contrary, it is probably the only means by which that organization will achieve its full stature and strength. There are already the special United States relations with Canada that I have just mentioned, and there are the relations between the United States and the South American Republics. We British have also our twenty years Treaty of Collaboration and Mutual Assistance with Soviet Russia. I agree with Mr. Bevin, the Foreign Secretary of Great Britain, that it might well be a fifty years treaty so far as we are concerned. We aim at nothing but mutual assistance and collaboration with Russia. The British have an alliance with Portugal unbroken since the year 1384, and which produced fruitful results at a critical moment in the recent war. None of these clash with the general interest of a world agreement, or a world organization; on the contrary, they help it. "In my father's house are many mansions." Special associations between members of the United Nations which have no aggressive point against any other country, which harbor no design incompatible with the Charter of the United Nations, far from being harmful, are beneficial and, as I believe, indispensable.

I spoke earlier, ladies and gentlemen, of the Temple of Peace. Workmen from all countries must build that temple. If two of the workmen know each other particularly well and are old friends, if their families are intermingled, if they have "faith in each other's purpose, hope in each other's future and charity towards each other's shortcomings"--to quote some good words I read here the other day--why cannot they work together at the common task as friends and partners? Why can they not share their tools and thus increase each other's working powers? Indeed they must do so or else the temple may not be built, or, being built, it may collapse, and we should all be proved again unteachable and have to go and try to learn again for a third time in a school of war incomparably more rigorous than that from which we have just been released. The dark ages may return, the Stone Age may return on the gleaming wings of science, and what might now shower immeasurable material blessings upon mankind, may even bring about its total destruction. Beware, I say; time may be short. Do not let us take the course of allowing events to drift along until it is too late. If there is to be a fraternal association of the kind of I have described, with all the strength and security which both our countries can derive from it, let us make sure that that great fact is known to the world, and that it plays its part in steadying and stabilizing the foundations of peace. There is the path of wisdom. Prevention is better than the cure.

A shadow has fallen upon the scenes so lately light by the Allied victory. Nobody knows what Soviet Russia and its Communist international organization intends to do in the immediate future, or what are the limits, if any, to their expansive and proselytizing tendencies. I have a strong admiration and regard for the valiant Russian people and for my wartime comrade, Marshall Stalin. There is deep sympathy and goodwill in Britain -- and I doubt not here also -- towards the peoples of all the Russias and a resolve to persevere through many differences and rebuffs in establishing lasting friendships. We understand the Russian need to be secure on her western frontiers by the removal of all possibility of German aggression. We welcome Russia to her rightful place among the leading nations of the world. We welcome her flag upon the seas. Above all, we welcome, or should welcome, constant, frequent and growing contacts between the Russian people and our own people on both sides of the Atlantic. It is my duty however, for I am sure you would wish me to state the facts as I see them to you. It is my duty to place before you certain facts about the present position in Europe.

From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia, all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere, and all are subject in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and, in some cases, increasing measure of control from Moscow. Athens alone -- Greece with its immortal glories -- is free to decide its future at an election under British, American and French observation. The Russian-dominated Polish Government has been encouraged to make enormous and wrongful inroads upon Germany, and mass expulsions of millions of Germans on a scale grievous and undreamed-of are now taking place. The Communist parties, which were very small in all these Eastern States of Europe, have been raised to pre-eminence and power far beyond their numbers and are seeking everywhere to obtain totalitarian control. Police governments are prevailing in nearly every case, and so far, except in Czechoslovakia, there is no true democracy.

Turkey and Persia are both profoundly alarmed and disturbed at the claims which are being made upon them and at the pressure being exerted by the Moscow Government. An attempt is being made by the Russians in Berlin to build up a quasi-Communist party in their zone of occupied Germany by showing special favors to groups of left-wing German leaders. At the end of the fighting last June, the American and British Armies withdrew westward, in accordance with an earlier agreement, to a depth at some points of 150 miles upon a front of nearly four hundred miles, in order to allow our Russian allies to occupy this vast expanse of territory which the Western Democracies had conquered.

If no the Soviet Government tries, by separate act