?appalled

appalled發(fā)音

[??p?:ld]

英：　　美：

appalled中文意思翻譯

v.使 ... 膽寒, 使 ... 驚駭

appalled詞形變化

動詞現(xiàn)在分詞: appalling | 動詞第三人稱單數(shù): appalls | 動詞過去式: appalled | 動詞過去分詞: appalled |

appalled常見例句

1 、She'd be appalled to see how I live most of the time now, just soup and sandwiches and a meat dish here and there.───她要是看到我現(xiàn)在是怎么生活的一定會嚇破膽的，只不過是湯和三明治，還有這兒那兒的一盤肉。

2 、They were appalled at the news .───他們聽到這消息感到非常震驚。

3 、Few of us would ever resolve to be appalled by war or disease───也沒有人會發(fā)誓要受到戰(zhàn)爭和疾病的恐嚇

4 、Appalled by such hubris, a libertarian scholar called Gene Healy wrote “The Cult of the Presidency”, a book decrying the unrealistic expectations Americans have of their presidents.───一位自由學(xué)者對他的言論感到膽寒，寫了一本書叫總統(tǒng)崇拜，書中譴責(zé)了美國人對總統(tǒng)的不切實際的期望。

5 、He became appalled at unsavory tricks.───如此心狠手辣的手段,使他驚呆了。

6 、It appalled me that they could simply ignore the problem.───他們竟然把問題置之不理，令我非常詫異。

7 、I'm was appalled at a group of photographers who showed up in Haiti a few years ago, but did not know who the Duvalier's were, or know even the most rudimentary history of the country.───前些年，我在海地拍攝，遇到一些攝影師，他們甚至不知道杜瓦利埃（Duvalier）家族，對海地基本的歷史也知之甚少。

8 、She was appalled to find that the river had risen to the doorstep.───她發(fā)現(xiàn)河水已漲到門口,驚恐萬分。

9 、The number of people kill on the road appal me.───在路上斃命的人數(shù)之多使我膽寒。

10 、So have some of Korea's sports doctors,who are appalled at the drills,which they say add to the stress top athletes endure.───一些韓國運動醫(yī)生也是如此，他們被這種訓(xùn)練嚇得膽戰(zhàn)心驚，認為這訓(xùn)練加大了優(yōu)秀運動員承受的壓力。

11 、He was appalled at what he saw.───他被自己看到的景象嚇壞了。

12 、The idea of sharing a room appalled her.───合住一個房間的想法使她驚駭。

13 、Stuart, I am appalled by what you've done.─── 斯圖爾特 我對你的所作所為感到很震驚

14 、Oh, yes, he had a streak of ruthlessness that rivaled Peter's, but he had the decency to be appalled by his own brutality.───哦，是的，他有著可與彼得抗爭的冷酷無情的氣息，但是他正派得會為自己的殘忍而駭怕。

15 、And I came to those of the captivity at Tel-abib who dwelt by the river Chebar; and where they dwelt, there I sat for seven days in their midst appalled.───15我就來到提勒亞畢，那些住在迦巴魯河邊被擄的人那里；在他們所住的地方，我在他們中間驚惶恐懼的坐了七日。

16 、[NIV] I will devastate this city and make it an object of scorn; all who pass by will be appalled and will scoff because of all its wounds.───8[和合]我必使這城，令人11驚駭嗤笑；凡經(jīng)過的人，必因這城所遭的災(zāi)，驚駭嗤笑。

17 、The chief is appalled even for a cannibal, he asks, "My God Almighty, what are you doing?───就是食人部落酋長也感到驚駭，他問“我的上帝呀，你在做什么呢？”

18 、Some in the crowds at PAD rallies are liberals, appalled both at the abuses of power in Mr Thaksin's government and the sad signs that Mr Samak's is no better.───人民民主聯(lián)盟示威者中有一些是自由主義者。他們對他信政府濫用權(quán)利，而沙馬政府并無改善跡象感到震驚。然而，人民民主聯(lián)盟的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者既非自由主義者，也非民主主義者。

19 、Clay developed a radical style which appalled boxing aficionados.2 The heavyweight danced around the ring like a lightweight.───克萊發(fā)展出一種震驚拳擊迷的全新風(fēng)格。重量級選手像輕量級選手一樣在拳擊場上跳躍.

20 、Many are as appalled as any other American by the reports of incest and child abuse from within polygamous sects.───他們許多人像其他美國人一樣,對一夫多妻教派中的**現(xiàn)象和孩子被虐待感到吃驚。

21 、Some of these social conservatives are nonetheless so appalled by Mr Giuliani that they threaten to back a third-party candidate if he wins the Republican nomination.───盡管朱利安尼對保守派的意見表示尊重，但保守派人士仍然對朱利安尼感到恐懼，并威脅說如果朱利安尼成為了共和黨總統(tǒng)候選人，他們將轉(zhuǎn)而支持第三方政黨。

22 、We were appalled by the news of the war.───聽到戰(zhàn)爭的消息我們大為震驚。

23 、They were appalled at the waste of recyclable material.───他們憎惡有人浪費可回收材料。

24 、They were appalled by the damage from the fire.───他們對火災(zāi)所造成的損失感到震驚。

25 、Their land will be laid waste, an object of lasting scorn; all who pass by will be appalled and will shake their heads.───以致他們的地令人驚駭,常常嗤笑;凡經(jīng)過這地的必驚駭搖頭。

26 、appall (BrE appal) v.───使（某人）驚駭或沮喪;

27 、What the ladies wear here is appalling.─── 這里的女性穿的衣服太嚇人了

28 、Men of the west are appalled at his fate; men of the east are seized with horror.───以后來的要驚奇他的日子,好像以前去的受了驚駭。

29 、I am appalled at what's being done to these officers.─── 我很震驚 這些警官所做的一切

30 、In its formal reaction, Israel declares itself “appalled” at the report.───在正式回應(yīng)中，以色列宣稱對報告感到震驚。

31 、be appalled by───對 ... 感到震驚

32 、appalled by the social conditions of migrant life; migratory workers.───為流動生活的社會狀況而感到震驚；流動工。

33 、Human rights activists are appalled at the way Beijing has ignored scruples that have made many western investors wary of dealing with regimes like those of Zimbabwe and Sudan.───人權(quán)活動分子對于北京政府的做法感到震驚，因為后者與像津巴布韋和蘇丹這些令西方投資商敬而遠之的軍政府合作毫無顧慮。

34 、He was appalled by his own grossness, awed by her clear innocence, and he gazed again at her across the gulf.───以前的稿件一退給他，他也立即打好送出，可他打好的稿件仍然給退了回來的時候他吃驚了，腮幫子似乎更有棱有角了，下巴似乎更咄咄逼人了。

35 、The Persians were dismayed at her daring, the Medes appalled at her boldness.───她的膽量，波斯人見而戰(zhàn)栗；她的奮勇，瑪待人因而恐懼。

36 、Your father would be appalled at what you've become.─── 看到你變成這樣 你父親會很膽寒的

37 、Appalled were the students when they learned their teacher had been accused.───聽說他們的老師受到指控,學(xué)生們都很震驚。

38 、He became appalled at unsavory tricks───如此心狠手辣的手段，使他驚呆了。

39 、Then, appalled by the battering of wind and waves, Blake had rushed to the parapet and flung himself on to the rocks below───后來，布萊克被狂風(fēng)巨浪嚇壞了，他沖向欄桿，縱身往下面的巖礁上跳去。

40 、King Ahasuerus was appalled that anyone would seek to kill his queen and her people.───亞哈隨魯王知道有人想殺皇后和她的同胞，便感到膽寒。

41 、Already there were many children who could not speak the Hebrew language because of the influence of their foreign mothers, something which appalled Nehemiah (v. 24).───已經(jīng)有許多孩子受了他們外邦母親的影響，不會講希伯來話。這些事使尼希米心膽俱寒（24節(jié)）。

42 、Why are so many people more readily appalled by an unnatural form of dying than by an unnatural form of living?───為什么如此眾多的人對非自然形式的死亡感到震驚而對非自然形式的生存漠視呢？

43 、Appalled trachers increaseingly have to clear up after "accidents"as a result,causing them great worry.───因此，老師們不得不為那些“出過狀況”的孩子們處理屎尿，并深感頭痛。

44 、Mrs.Clinton also said the US has admired the energy of Iran’s recent presidential election, but was appalled by the way the Iranian government had quelled protests over the disputed ballots.───克林頓說，美國欽佩伊朗最近總統(tǒng)選舉的表現(xiàn)，但是為伊朗政府鎮(zhèn)壓對選票持有異議的抗議者感到非常驚駭。

45 、" Tereza huddled against Tomas in bed." And the way they talked to me!Like old friends, people who 'd known me forever.I was appalled at the thouht of having to stay with them forever.───"她們與我談話的情形,就像我們是一輩子也沒分開過的好朋友一樣,一想到一輩子都要與她們呆在一起,我就毛骨悚然.

46 、They are appal at the news.───他們被這消息嚇壞了。

47 、Before them nations are appalled, and every face turns pale.───萬民一見，為之惶恐，人人臉面頓時失色。

48 、We are appalled that someone could do this at the temple.─── 有人在圣殿做這種事我們也很震驚

49 、All who live in the coastlands are appalled at you; their kings shudder with horror and their faces are distorted with fear.───“‘島的居民為你驚37奇，他們的君王都甚恐慌，面帶愁容。

50 、The tutor, appalled by the indiscretion, reported him to GCHQ, and he was sacked.───導(dǎo)師對此種輕率行為大吃一驚，向英國通信總部檢舉了他，于是他被開除了。

51 、What you did at that dinner was appalling.─── 你在那頓晚餐做的事非?？蓯?/p>

52 、They were appalled by the reports of the nuclear war.───他們被核戰(zhàn)爭的報道嚇壞了。

53 、Clay developed a radical style which appalled boxing aficionados.2 The heavyweight danced around the ring like a lightweight───克萊發(fā)展出一種震驚拳擊迷的全新風(fēng)格。重量級選手像輕量級選手一樣在拳擊場上跳躍

54 、The Conservatives were so appalled by EPP federalism that they recently left the group.───保守黨被歐洲人民黨聯(lián)邦主義者恫嚇，以致使他們最近離開了該集團。

55 、May those who say to me, "Aha! Aha!" be appalled at their own shame.───15愿那些對我說阿哈、阿哈的，因羞愧而敗亡！

56 、She was appalled to hear of your ordeal.─── 聽到你所遭受的磨難時 她很震驚

57 、As she rounded the corner of the Atlanta Hotel and came in full view of the depot and the tracks, she halted appalled.───她走過亞特蘭大飯店，已經(jīng)看得見整個車站和前面的鐵路，她這時猛地站住，完全給嚇壞了。

58 、The Senate committee was appalled after reviewing documents from the following sources───參院委員會在回顧了以下來源的文件后,感到驚駭

59 、Every day I look at it, I'm appalled.─── 每天看到 我都無比震驚

60 、'I can't do that!' she gasped, appalled at the very idea.───“那事我可不能干！”她一聽到這個想法便吃驚地倒抽著冷氣。

61 、Therefore my spirit faints within me; My heart is appalled in the midst of me.───4所以，我的靈在我里面發(fā)昏；我的心在我里面驚懼。

62 、I will cause many peoples to be appalled at you, and their kings will shudder with horror because of you when I brandish my sword before them.───10我在許多國民和君王面前向你掄我的刀，國民就必因你驚奇，君王也必因你極其恐慌。

63 、I, Daniel, was exhausted and lay ill for several days. Then I got up and went about the king's business. I was appalled by the vision; it was beyond understanding.───于是我但以理昏迷不醒、病了數(shù)日、然后起來辦理王的事務(wù)．我因這異象驚奇、卻無人能明白其中的意思。

64 、Even parents who strive to teach their children manners are appalled at how easily those lessons can be undone by what takes place beyond their homes.───也有一些父母盡心盡力教導(dǎo)自己的孩子要有禮貌,但他們卻吃驚地發(fā)現(xiàn),家庭外所發(fā)生的事情輕而易舉地就把他們的所有努力化為泡影了。

65 、ISEC Canada, along with all other members of the wild cat conservation community, is appalled at this trend.───和其它野生貓科動物的保護組織一樣,加拿大ISEC對此趨勢感到震驚。

66 、could take another couple of years.Russell and Burch would have been pleased that progress is being made, but appalled at its slow pace.───動物實驗取得進展，羅素和伯奇自然高興，然而，進展速度緩慢，亦會讓其皺眉。

67 、And though this temple is now so imposing, all who pass by will be appalled and say, 'Why has the LORD done such a thing to this land and to this temple?───人必回答說，是因此地的人離棄耶和華他們列祖的神，就是領(lǐng)他們出埃及地的神，去親近別神，敬拜事奉他，所以耶和華使這一切災(zāi)禍臨到他們。

68 、In the end, he is appalled to discover that he has been consorting with ghosts.───全片遠赴韓國拍攝，在飄渺山林間營造輕靈超凡的武俠風(fēng)范，為胡金銓奠定大師地位的代表作。

69 、appal vt.───使驚駭,使驚恐,使嚇壞  approximate a.近似的 vt.近似  

70 、As formula one now grapples with the teams' major fight with the FIA over budget caps and governance methods, Scheckter told the BBC that he is appalled by the sport's leadership.───作為一級方程式現(xiàn)在抓斗的小組的主要斗爭與FIA超過預(yù)算上限和治理方法，Scheckter接受BBC采訪時說，他感到震驚的運動領(lǐng)導(dǎo).

71 、Domesticity appalled her, and she nourished in it, despite a yearning for the comfortlessly grand.───她在這樣一個小天地里長大，然而卻渴望那種并無舒適安逸可言的壯麗宏偉。

72 、We were appalled when we heard that he had been murdered.───聽說他被謀殺,我們都嚇壞了。

73 、I will devastate this city and make it an object of scorn; all who pass by will be appalled and will scoff because of all its wounds.───9我必使他們在圍困窘迫之中、就是仇敵和尋索其命的人窘迫他們的時候、各人吃自己兒女的肉、和朋友的肉。

74 、We were appalled at the thought of another war.───一想到又有戰(zhàn)爭我們就膽寒。

75 、So, I pretend to be all appalled by this.─── 所以 我假裝感到很吃驚

76 、And the people were so appalled, they cried.─── 在場的人被音樂惡心到都哭了

77 、Everybody was appalled at the seeming ease with which she had recovered from Bonnie's death, never realizing or caring to realize the effort that lay behind that seeming recovery.───大家看見他顯得那么輕松以就從喪失邦妮的悲痛中恢復(fù)過來了，都大為驚訝。 他們從不了解，也不能去了解，她那貌似恢復(fù)的背后那番痛苦的掙扎。

78 、The public were appalled when they heard the president had been murdered.───聽到總統(tǒng)被謀殺的消息公眾驚駭萬分。

79 、"I'm kind of appalled that he's only won one" coach of the year award, Bryant said.───"讓我吃驚的是他只贏得過一個"年度最佳教練獎，”布萊恩特說。"

80 、And though this temple is now imposing, all who pass by will be appalled and will scoff and say, 'Why has the LORD done such a thing to this land and to this temple?───人必回答說、是因此地的人離棄領(lǐng)他們列祖出埃及地之耶和華他們的神、去親近別神、事奉敬拜他．所以耶和華使這一切災(zāi)禍臨到他們。

81 、Her brother, who loved her tenderly, was appalled at this fantastic preference.───她的哥哥深深地愛著她，對于這荒涎的愛情驚駭萬分。

82 、We were appalled when we heard she had been murdered.───聽到她被謀殺的消息我們驚駭萬分。

83 、would do something as despicable as murder; ugly crimes; the vile development of slavery appalled them.───會做出像謀殺一樣卑鄙的舉動；可恥的罪行；奴隸制度的卑鄙發(fā)展驚呆了他們。

84 、And He saw that there was no man, And He was appalled that there was no intercessor. Therefore His arm accomplished salvation for Him, And His righteousness sustained Him.───16祂見沒有一人，祂詫異無人代求；就用自己的膀臂施行拯救，以公義扶持自己。

85 、The women in the office were appalled at what we thought we were allowed to talk about.───在辦公室里女同事們經(jīng)常被我們自認為可以談?wù)摰膬?nèi)容嚇到。

86 、We watched appalled as the child ran in front of the car.───小孩在汽車前面跑過，我們看得心驚膽戰(zhàn)。

87 、I was appalled by his arrogant attitude.───他傲慢的態(tài)度使我感到震驚。

88 、At one of the first readings, a woman launches into a rather involved question, and as she brings it to a conclusion I can see on her face that she is appalled by the way her phrasing has worked out.───在第一站的一次讀書會上，一位女士提出了一個非常深刻的問題，而且當(dāng)她講到總而言之的時候，我能從她的面部表情上看出，她對自己的措辭感到非常滿意。

89 、Edom will become an object of horror; all who pass by will be appalled and will scoff because of all its wounds.───以東必令人驚駭;凡經(jīng)過的人就受驚駭,又因他一切的災(zāi)禍嗤笑。

90 、Appalled at Salta's economic inequality, Marina began working on a project for children in the poor barrios as well as helping to set up a restaurant in an old Italian family home.───一些自由寫作委員會，震驚于薩爾塔的經(jīng)濟不平等，所以瑪麗娜開始實施一個項目，為解決兒童問題。巴利奧斯以及幫助建立餐廳的老意大利家庭幫了很多忙。

求一片關(guān)于警察的英文文章（書籍，期刊，有作者）

美國警察警銜中英文對照

罪案劇看多了，發(fā)現(xiàn)各劇甚至一劇里各集里對美警察的警銜的譯法都不統(tǒng)一，看起來不免讓人糊涂哦。故在網(wǎng)上搜了些相關(guān)的資料，與大家分享..

——不知道以前有沒有人發(fā)過這些，若發(fā)過了，請刪可也.

洛杉機警察局(LAPD)警銜

Police Officer = 警員

Police Detective = 警探

Police Sergeant = 警司

Police Lieutenant = 警督

Police Captain = 警監(jiān)

Police Commander = 警長

Police Deputy Chief = 副總警監(jiān)

Chief of Police = 總警監(jiān)

說明: 從警官到警監(jiān), 各級內(nèi)還有不同檔次. 比如, 警官分為1/2/3級, 剛服役新警銜別為1級警官, 依此類推. 總警監(jiān)只有一名, 既LAPD局長, 是LAPD最高首長.

紐約警察局(NYPD)警銜

Officer = 警員

Detective = 警探

Sergeant = 警司

Lieutenant = 警督

Captain = 警監(jiān)

Deputy Inspector = 副高級警監(jiān)

Inspector = 高級警監(jiān)

Deputy Chief = 副總警監(jiān)

Assistant Chief = 助理總警監(jiān)

Bureau Chief = 處總警監(jiān)

Chief of Department = 局總警監(jiān)

NYPD的中低各銜別還分具體檔次, 這點與LAPD警銜是一樣的. 但與LAPD不同的是, NYPD最高首長并非局總警監(jiān), 而是Police Commissioner=警察專員. 警察專員之下還有若干Deputy Policer Commissioner=副警察專員(包括一名First Deputy Police Commissioner=第一副警察專員). 警察專員與副警專員均為文職, 所以并不算警銜. 而作為NYPD警銜最高的局總警監(jiān), 行政地位要低於警察專員和副警察專員.

佛蒙特州警(VTSP)警銜

Trooper = 警員

Corporal = 警士

Sergeant = 警司

Lieutenant = 警督

Captain = 警監(jiān)

Major = 警長

Lieutenant Colonel = 副總警監(jiān)

Colonel = 總警監(jiān)

佛蒙特州警是美國典型的州級警察, 行政上隸屬於該州公安廳領(lǐng)導(dǎo). 除了警員分為2級與1級兩檔外, 其他銜別沒有檔次. 總警監(jiān)只有一名, 擔(dān)任佛蒙特州警主任.

馬里蘭州警察廳(MDSP)警銜圖表

TROOPER = 警員 (無警章)

TROOPER FIRST CLASS = 一級警員

CORPORAL = 警士

SERGEANT = 警司

DETECTIVE SERGEANT = 調(diào)查警司

FIRST SERGEANT = 一級警司

SERGEANT MAJOR = 警司長

LIEUTENANT = 警督

CAPTAIN = 警監(jiān)

MAJOR = 警長

LIEUTENANT COLONEL = 副總警監(jiān)

SUPERINTENDENT = 總警監(jiān)

馬里蘭州警銜中, 警員分為2檔, 警司分為4檔. 總警監(jiān)只有一名, 即州警察廳長.

馬里科帕縣執(zhí)法官公署(MCSO)警銜

Deputy Sheriff /Detention Officer = 副執(zhí)法官/拘留官

Sergeant = 執(zhí)法警司

Lieutenant = 執(zhí)法警督

Captain = 執(zhí)法警監(jiān)

Deputy Chief = 副總執(zhí)法警監(jiān)

Chief Deupty = 首席副執(zhí)法官

Sheriff = 執(zhí)法官

說明: 以上是美國典型的縣級警察. 在美國,絕大多數(shù)州(state), 州以下最大的行政區(qū)域為縣(county). 縣府(county seat)則多為實行自制的城(鎮(zhèn)). 上例中的馬里科帕縣的縣府風(fēng)凰城, 是亞利桑納州最大城市. 風(fēng)凰城警察局與馬里科帕縣執(zhí)法官公署互不隸屬, 前者在城市區(qū)內(nèi)執(zhí)法, 后者則在縣內(nèi)其他區(qū)域執(zhí)法. 美國縣級警察另一特點是高度獨立性. 縣執(zhí)法官(county sheriff)是選舉產(chǎn)生的官員, 其公署并不對縣長或縣議會負責(zé), 而是直接接受縣內(nèi)居民監(jiān)督. 相對而言, 美國主要城市警察局局長是由市長或市議會委任, 要接受委任者的直接領(lǐng)導(dǎo). 縣執(zhí)法官公署與城市警察局在組織上另一大區(qū)別在於前者除了執(zhí)法職能外, 還有獄政功能. 美國監(jiān)獄系統(tǒng)分為聯(lián)邦, 州, 縣**. 所以縣執(zhí)法官公署內(nèi)部通常分為兩個分部: 警察, 監(jiān)獄. 但在警銜上則是統(tǒng)一的.

波士頓警察局(BPD)警銜

Officer = 警員

Detective = 警探

Sergeant/Sergeant Detective = 警司/調(diào)查警司

Lieutenant/Lieutenent Detective = 警督/調(diào)查警督

Captain/Captain Detective = 警監(jiān)/調(diào)查警監(jiān)

Deputy Superientendent = 副總警監(jiān)

Superintendent = 總警監(jiān)

Superintendent In Chief = 首席總警監(jiān)

Commissioner = 專員

專員是文職, 作為BPD局長, 全體警察均向其負責(zé).

求一片關(guān)于警察的英文文章（書籍，期刊，有作者）

CHICAGO EXAMINED: ANATOMY OF A "POLICE RIOT'

Friday, Dec. 06, 1968 Time magazine

IN Chicago, during the Democratic National Convention last August, two American rights collided headon: the acknowledged right to dissent within certain limits, and the equally valid right of a city to protect its citizens and its property. But what limits? And what kind of protection? Americans and the rest of the world were at first appalled by the way the police did battle with the demonstrators. But, almost immediately, pollsters reported that a majority of Americans believed that, given the provocation and the tense situation they encountered, Chicago's police had struck a notable blow for law and order. Months after the event, the conflict remains significant and symbolic of the deep divisions, the warring judgments in American society.

In Washington this week, a thick, well-documented report titled Rights in Conflict was issued by a Chicago study team under the direction of Daniel Walker, vice president and general counsel of Montgomery Ward. He had been assigned by the President's Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence, headed by Milton Eisenhower, to determine what happened in Chicago and why and how. In preparing the report over a period of 53 days, Walker and his staff of 212 relied largely on 3,437 statements from eyewitnesses and participants, some obtained by staffers, others taken by the FBI and such agencies as the U.S. Attorney's office in Chicago. The staff also viewed some 180 hours of relevant film taken by television networks, local TV stations, police and citizens.

The staff interviewers encountered some eloquence and much searing memory. During most of the traumatic week of the convention, a Los Angeles police inspector who was present as an observer thought that "the restraint of the police, both as individual members and as an organization, was beyond reason." But of the Wednesday night battle in front of the Conrad Hilton Hotel, the same official said: "There is no question but that many officers acted without restraint and exerted force beyond that necessary under the circumstances." As his policemen went out of control that night, the deputy superintendent in charge had to pull berserk officers off battered and bruised demonstrators, shouting at them: "Stop, damn it, stop! For Christ's sake, stop it!" The report confirms the earlier impression that the Chicago police force—in Mayor Daley's celebrated euphemism—"overreacted." But it also stresses the provocations they suffered and records some examples of police restraint.

The report also places the start of the confrontation considerably earlier than the convention week—there had been riots in Chicago's black ghettos in 1966 and again in April 1968, after the murder of Martin Luther King. Mayor Daley's own riot-study committee (Daniel Walker was No. 2 man) cited the restraint practiced by the police as a major factor in keeping the April riots from becoming even "more violent and widespread." But after April 1968, Daley criticized his police for their restraint and urged them to shoot to kill arsonists and maim looters. Says the report: "The effect on the police became apparent several weeks later when they attacked demonstrators, bystanders and media representatives at a civic-center peace march."

Tale of Two Parks. The first violence took place on a Sunday night in and around Lincoln Park, which had been chosen as yippie headquarters. Like all Chicago parks, Lincoln had an 11 p.m. curfew, which had been on the books for decades but was seldom enforced.

Newsmen and other observers could not understand why Lincoln Park was swept clear each night at curfew and why Grant Park, opposite the Loop, was not. The report solves this mystery and, like so much in the confrontations, the difference came down to a matter of personality. The deputy chief of police in charge of Lincoln Park said that if the curfew was not enforced, yippies and others would take it as a sign of weakness.

The deputy superintendent of police in charge of Grant Park took the opposite view. He said that the decision not to clear Grant Park was his own and a matter of judgment. When no citizens complained, he felt, it was sometimes better to ignore a technical law violation than to create a major problem. Grant Park was to have its share of disruptions, but they did not happen on schedule every night, as they did in Lincoln Park.

Moreover, as Lincoln Park was swept by lines of police each night, the intruders were driven into the streets of the Near North Side and Old Town, Chicago's version of Greenwich Village. The police then found it necessary to reassemble and drive the demonstrators—by now intermingled with passers-by and curious spectators—off the streets. A clergyman complained that "by pushing these young people from the park, the police create a larger law-enforcement problem than they have if they let the youths remain in the park."

Diabolical Threats. The report makes clear that Mayor Richard Daley and his police and military aides appeared to accept at face value all of the fiery statements made by the demonstration leaders. Chicago's newspapers repeatedly listed diabolical threats aimed at the city, ranging from burning Chicago down by flooding the sewers with gasoline, to dumping LSD in the water supply, to having 10,000 nude bodies float on Lake Michigan. Also widely accepted was the boast that from 100,000 to 200,000 demonstrators would descend on Chicago. Actually, the report estimates, only about 5,000 demonstrators came from out of town—of the 668 persons arrested, 364 were from Illinois and of these 276 were Chicagoans.

The city's defenses were formidable: 12,000 policemen, 6,000 Illinois National Guardsmen and—on stand-by at suburban naval posts—6,000 Army troops equipped with rifles, flamethrowers and bazookas. Even before the convention began, the police were working twelve-hour shifts: at the height of the trouble, some policemen were on duty as long as 17 hours at a stretch and were obviously under tremendous stress.

Who were the enemy? The report finds that they were a very mixed bag, running the gamut from pacifists, assorted peace groups, Communists, socialists, anarchists and New Left students, all the way to the yippies, who seem to have been the most baffling to Chicago authorities. The yippies appeared to be, in Norman Mailer's approving term, largely "existential," meaning that they lacked any clear-cut ideology or program. Yippies accept no leaders, not even their own, and Daley and his men could scarcely make much sense of yippie manifestos like that of Abbie Hoffman, who saw the movement as "new phenomena, a new thing on the American scene. Why? That's our question. Our slogan is Why? You know as long as we can make up a story about it that's exciting, mystical, magical, you have to accuse us of going to Chicago to perform magic."

The demonstrators had high hopes of reinforcing their ranks with the disappointed young who had followed Senator Eugene McCarthy—but McCarthy told his followers to stay away. They also hoped for a united front with the nation's black dissidents, but they were markedly unsuccessful in the Chicago slums, where many black organizations urged their members to "stay cool" and uninvolved. Several leaders of such gangs as the Blackstone Rangers left Chicago during convention week. But fear of a united front kept the Chicago police on edge.

Dangers Real and Rumored. The police found foes on every side, from naive demonstrators to wiseacre news men. The cops claimed that the bright TV lights blinded them and charged that the ubiquitous peering cameras emboldened demonstrators. Cameramen and reporters believed that the cops deliberately slugged them and wrecked their equipment in an effort to thwart coverage of police brutality. Fully 60 of the 300 newsmen assigned to cover Chicago's streets and parks "were involved in incidents resulting in injury to themselves, damage to their equipment, or their arrest."

The police themselves were prone to rumors, sometimes spread by their own intelligence reports. Before clearing Lincoln Park on Tuesday night, the cops heard that the demonstrators were armed with sharpened spears and at least one shotgun, and that they had strung piano wire from tree to tree at neck height in order to discourage the advancing police. None of these threats materialized, but they must have aggravated the officers' tense mood as they moved to the attack.

Sometimes the demonstrators were armed by inadvertence—as when sanitation men, approached by hippies who offered to help clean up Grant Park, innocently gave them sticks with pointed nails to skewer wastepaper. Some of these sticks were later used as weapons. The most severe police injuries seem to have resulted from accidental ambush. At least a dozen assaults occurred when demonstrators, desperately fleeing a line of advancing police, ducked down one street and up another and unexpectedly encountered either a solitary policeman or a lone squad car.

The report amply supports a fact long known to lawyers: witnesses of the same event seldom describe it the same way. A Grant Park clash between police and demonstrators began when half a dozen burly young men lowered the American flag and hoisted another object to the top of the pole. "Object" is used advisedly: though it was seen by hundreds of people and police and examined on film by the Walker staff, no one can yet say what it was. It has been described as a "black flag of anarchy," a "red flag" and a "Viet Cong flag." Some witnesses state it was a suit of red underwear or a red armband or a rag. On films of the incident, it appears to be "a knotted red cloth or a girl's bright red slip." Police, after a hard fight, pulled down the object, but not even the cops know what it was or what happened to it.

The report makes it very evident that the well-known "fog of war" hung heavily over Chicago. The violent struggle in front of the Hilton Hotel, which was televised around the world, apparently resulted from lack of communications.

While police were pushing the crowd against the hotel front, another body of police in a side street, alerted by a radio call of "policeman in trouble," charged into the flank of the already jam-packed crowd, ultimately forcing a score of people through a plate-glass window.

Provocative Obscenity. Words had such great force in the Chicago confrontation that the report must be the first in U.S. Government history to print "the actual obscenities used by the participants—demonstrators and police alike." The Walker study explains that the "extremely obscene language was a contributing factor to the violence" and "its frequency and intensity were such that to omit it would inevitably understate the effect it had." Since the report is otherwise couched largely in the turgid prose common to bureaucracy, the insertion of so many pungent Anglo-Saxon expletives relating to or synonymous with copulation creates a surrealistic effect.

Police are not normally apt to be shocked by four-letter words. But, as in the Columbia University uprising last spring, they were outraged to see obscenities printed on placards or hear them shouted by apparently well-educated, middle-class young men and women. The barrage of epithets helped convince some policemen that their opponents were scarcely human—and they all too often shed their own humanity. Witnesses frequently noted that if a demonstrator being chased by police got away, the cops would simply club whoever else was handy. A Chicago doctor drove up to one officer to report that protesters were dumping trash baskets into the street. The officer snapped: "Listen, you goddam — —, get this — car out of here." When the doctor tried to explain, the cop shouted: "Listen, you son of a bitch, didn't you hear me the first time?" and pounded a dent in the doctor's car with his nightstick.

It still seems incredible that in the days of violence no one was killed. Occasionally, trapped policemen would fire in the air. One unidentified civilian fired three shots, but no witness could discover his target. Nevertheless, the report is a warning that another confrontation might not be so fortunate. It notes: "To read dispassionately the hundreds of statements describing at firsthand the events of Sunday and Monday nights is to become convinced of the presence of what can only be called a police riot."

LIFE points out in its current issue that the police districts known to be the most corrupt in Chicago also held the record for some of the worst violence last August. As the Walker report comments, there has been no public condemnation of "these violators of sound police procedures and common decency by either their commanding officers or city officials." Nor, when the report was being completed—nearly three months after the convention—had any disciplinary action been taken against most of the violators. But the Walker investigation may have had some effect on Chicago: last week, just before the issuance of the report, a Chicago police-department board recommended that four officers be dismissed for using "excessive force" during convention week.