?manhood

manhood發(fā)音

['mænhud]

英：　　美：

manhood中文意思翻譯

n.成年, 勇氣,男子氣概

manhood常見(jiàn)例句

1 、He was a mindless activist,a war lover,who found macho relish in danger and felt driven to prove manhood by confrontation(Arthur M.Schlesinger,jr.───他是個(gè)沒(méi)有頭腦的活躍分子，一個(gè)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)狂，在險(xiǎn)境中尋到了充分顯示男子漢氣概的機(jī)會(huì)并急切地希望通過(guò)直接對(duì)抗證明自己是男子漢(孝瑟M.施萊辛格)

2 、Keming: This is ridiculous! Ridiculous! For someone on the threshold of manhood, he is behaving like a child.───克明：怪事，怪事!眼看就要接親的人，還這么小孩子脾氣!

3 、Most sportsmen are at their best during their early manhood.───大多數(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)員在剛剛成年的時(shí)候進(jìn)入頂峰時(shí)期。

4 、Through this wound a man's real manhood and immortality flow out, and he bleeds to an everlasting death.I see this blood flowing now...───即使假定這會(huì)導(dǎo)致流血的話，難道當(dāng)良心受傷害的時(shí)候就不流血嗎，從良心的創(chuàng)傷里流出的是人的氣概和永生，將使他永世沈淪于死亡之中。

5 、He needs to experience a lot of things for a child to grow to manhood.───一個(gè)孩子要長(zhǎng)大成人要經(jīng)歷很多事情。

6 、Many diseases which occur after middle life are due to eating and drinking such foods as were indulged in during vigorous manhood.───中年之后發(fā)生的許多疾病都是由于在成年身體健壯時(shí)大吃大喝這些食物造成的。

7 、But a real man will never let his fear of death overpower his honor, his sense of duty to his country, and his innate manhood.───但是，真正的男子漢，不會(huì)讓恐懼死亡戰(zhàn)勝責(zé)任、榮譽(yù)和雄風(fēng)。

8 、How can we still remain young, as our children are sprouting into manhood?───孩子們已長(zhǎng)大成人，我們?cè)趺茨懿焕夏?

9 、Companionship is education, good or not; it develops manhood or womanhood, high or low; it lifts soul upward or drags it downward; it ministers to virtue or vice.───友誼無(wú)論好壞都是教育；它或多或少地會(huì)使一個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)；它提升靈魂或者使之墮落；它提高道德或者使之淪喪。

10 、A boy of eighteen is approaching manhood.───18歲的男孩接近成年。

11 、The industrialism he hated, particularly the large-scale coal mining in areas like Notting hamshire, with the accompanying Blight of surrounding countryside, was reaching a peak during his childhood and early manhood.───他憎恨產(chǎn)業(yè)主義,特別憎恨在諸如諾丁漢郡這樣的地區(qū)大規(guī)模地開(kāi)采煤礦,造成對(duì)周?chē)r(nóng)村的破壞。這種狀況在他的兒童時(shí)代和成年早期正達(dá)到頂峰。

12 、"Question our manhood if you dare!───“如果你膽敢對(duì)我們的地位有疑問(wèn)！

13 、I'm gonna help you rediscover your manhood.─── 我要幫你重新找回男人氣概

14 、He is a fair specimen of manhood.───他是剛毅的典范。

15 、A. A boy of eighteen is getting on for manhood. B. A boy of eighteen is approaching manhood.───十八歲的小伙子正接近成年。

16 、He struck down all the firstborn of Egypt, the firstfruits of manhood in the tents of Ham.───51在埃及擊殺一切長(zhǎng)子、在含的帳棚中、擊殺他們強(qiáng)壯時(shí)頭生的。

17 、Years ago for the devil of it Flora Manhood and Snow Tunks had pushed against another blacker door, padded and studded.───多年前純屬鬼使神差，弗洛拉·曼胡德和斯諾·滕克斯曾用力推開(kāi)另一扇顏色更深，表面包皮，裝有飾釘?shù)拇箝T(mén)。

18 、It certainly curtailed any advances Sister Manhood might have been making in the direction of ecstasy.───從而也遏制了曼虎蒂護(hù)士向心醉神迷的境界發(fā)展。

19 、You have now entered into manhood.───你現(xiàn)在已成年了。

20 、Like a man, a political party has its childhood, youth, manhood and old age.───像一個(gè)人一樣，有他的幼年、青年、壯年和老年。

21 、He is killed in an accident in the first flush of manhood.───他正當(dāng)盛年時(shí)在一次事故中喪生。

22 、The war in Vietnam was winding down, but for American boys, the road to manhood still ran through the local draft board.───盡管越戰(zhàn)硝煙趨于散盡，但對(duì)于美國(guó)男孩們來(lái)說(shuō)，當(dāng)?shù)氐恼鞅鏅谌允撬麄兺ㄍ赡曛返囊粋€(gè)驛站。

23 、His youth and early manhood were spent in America.───他的青少年時(shí)期是在美國(guó)度過(guò)的。

24 、Her new-found power was a threat to his manhood.───她最近具有的能力對(duì)他的男子漢氣概是個(gè)威脅。

25 、An increasing number of states granted white manhood suffrage during his administration .───在他當(dāng)政期間，保證白人成年公民選舉權(quán)的州越來(lái)越多。

26 、We accept you for your miniscule manhood.─── 我們接受你那蠅頭小楷般的男根

27 、Small arrive after manhood, now and then appearing blain blain affects integral figure, anyhow, what the occurrence of blain blain lets us is specious degree sell at a discount greatly.───小到成年后，偶然冒出的痘痘影響整體形象，總之，痘痘的出現(xiàn)讓我們的外表美觀度大打折扣。

28 、The monastic regime, good at the beginning of civilization, useful in the reduction of the brutal by the spiritual, is bad when peoples have reached their manhood.───僧侶制度對(duì)早期的文化是有好處的，在精神方面它可以減少?gòu)?qiáng)暴的習(xí)氣，但到了人民精力飽滿時(shí)它卻是有害的。

29 、I was only hours old when they cut into my manhood.─── 我才出生幾小時(shí) 他們就對(duì)我的**下手了

30 、He asserted his manhood .───他表現(xiàn)出男子氣概。

31 、Then he struck down all the firstborn in their land, the firstfruits of all their manhood.───36他又擊殺他們國(guó)內(nèi)一切的長(zhǎng)子，就是他們強(qiáng)壯時(shí)頭生的。

32 、Disappointment raged in Flora Manhood.───失望在弗洛拉?曼胡德的胸中激蕩。

33 、Well, it was an impressive display of manhood.─── 那么 這一場(chǎng)男性雄風(fēng)絕對(duì)展現(xiàn)出來(lái)了

34 、A people who were able to surmount in their infant state such great perils would be more competent as they rose into manhood to repel any which they might meet in their progress.───一個(gè)處在襁褓之中便能戰(zhàn)勝這種重大危局的民族，在其成年后必定更有能力排除他們?cè)谇斑M(jìn)道路上所遇到的任何困難。

35 、"My manhood, long misled by wandering fires,/Followed false lights" (John Dryden).───“游移的火焰長(zhǎng)久地誤導(dǎo)，我的成年時(shí)期跟隨著虛妄的光” （約翰·德萊頓）。

36 、Youth is a blunder; manhood a struggle, old age regret.───中文:青年冒失莽撞；成年發(fā)奮圖強(qiáng)；老年遺憾懊喪。

37 、In his face one might notice that many of the hues and curves of youth had turned to manhood.───人們也許會(huì)看到，他臉上的那種毛頭小伙兒的神態(tài)和線條已經(jīng)變得富于男子氣了。

38 、He has a manhood.───他有一股男子氣。

39 、Always rise from manhood impotent all the time, the circumstance that fails to make love calls former hair the gender is impotent, this kind of circumstance is scarcer.───凡是從成年起就一直陽(yáng)痿，從來(lái)未能**的情況稱為原發(fā)性陽(yáng)痿，這種情況較少見(jiàn)。

40 、And if you think you're preparing these minnows for manhood, you better think again, because l say you are killing the very spirit this institution proclaims it instills.───如果你以為在鍛煉蝦兵成龍頭的話，最好三思，因?yàn)槟阏髿⒘诉@所學(xué)府所堅(jiān)持的精神。

41 、He had much money to play with in his manhood .───他成年時(shí)有許多錢(qián)供他揮霍。

42 、In Dover, north of Russellville, I answered another challenge to my manhood by participating in a tug-of-war with a bunch of very large log haulers.───在拉塞爾維爾北邊的多佛，有人對(duì)我的大丈夫氣概提出質(zhì)疑，為了回應(yīng)這個(gè)質(zhì)疑，我和一幫體型非常巨大的木材搬運(yùn)工一起參加了一場(chǎng)拔河比賽。

43 、Whole ages of abuse and oppression cannot crush the manhood clear out of him.───千百年的虐待與壓迫，也不能把他的男子氣概消磨得一干二凈。

44 、Further to so which, for a man to spend so much of his life in service of his manhood, when that manhood is, well, more of a boyhood.─── 此外 作為一個(gè)大半輩子都在為他的小兄弟找樂(lè)子的男人 他的小兄弟 還真是不大

45 、"But who can the fellow be? Who I don't intend to marry?" Sister Manhood raged.───“那家伙會(huì)是誰(shuí)?那個(gè)我不想與之結(jié)婚的人是誰(shuí)?”曼胡德護(hù)士這時(shí)已經(jīng)怒氣沖天了。

46 、Espinosa told reporters he was glad his wife had suffered burns, while Contreras said she was only sorry she had not "hacked off his manhood" during the fight.───丈夫埃斯皮諾薩告訴記者說(shuō)他很高興他妻子被燒傷了，而妻子康特雷拉斯卻說(shuō)她唯一遺憾的是打斗中“沒(méi)有把丈夫閹掉?！?/p>

47 、One day Flora Manhood felt her embryonic inspiration ready to convert itself into a positive event.───一天弗洛拉?曼胡德覺(jué)得，她所孕育的靈感即將脫胎而出，變成活生生的真實(shí)了。

48 、Their manhood has cast away in Africa and Russia.───他們的子弟淪落在非洲和俄國(guó)。

49 、He will reach manhood next month.───他下個(gè)月將抵達(dá)成年。

50 、It's like you've just taken my manhood from me.─── 這相當(dāng)于你剝奪掉了我的男性尊嚴(yán)

51 、Are now female public flashers stroking my own manhood rising in.───主題： 網(wǎng)友點(diǎn)評(píng)：(綜合點(diǎn)評(píng)) Theprocedure is, iwhispered.

52 、Melosh, Barbara. Engendering Culture: Manhood and Womanhood in New Deal Public Art and Theater. 1991.───《發(fā)展型文化:成年男女在新政公共藝術(shù)和劇院》1991.

53 、Year after year of his young manhood went by quietly and drably in Salem.───年復(fù)一年，他在塞勒姆平靜而單調(diào)的渡過(guò)青年時(shí)代。

54 、And if you think you're preparing these minnows for manhood, you better think again, because I say you are killing the very spirit this institution proclaims it instills.───如果你認(rèn)為你是準(zhǔn)備這些魚(yú)的男子氣概，你最好再想一想，因?yàn)槲艺f(shuō)你是殺害的精神該機(jī)構(gòu)宣布它灌輸。

55 、A boy of eighteen is approaching manhood .───十八歲的男孩接近成年。

56 、And in childhood and manhood the clock seemed to know And to share both his grief and his joy.───在他童年的時(shí)候,成年的時(shí)候大鐘好像都知道,并分享著他的悲傷和快樂(lè)。

57 、He is in his manhood.───他已是成年人了。

58 、They joked about it, wondering how many men she had unmanned, scything away their manhood as she scythed away their words.───他們喜歡開(kāi)這種玩笑，猜想有多少男人是會(huì)令她感到退卻。就像用鐮刀掃去那些男人的字句，她也掃去許多男人自以為是的男子氣概。

59 、Waving bye-bye to your manhood.───和你的男子氣揮手告別。

60 、You see, I have been a soldier ever since I attained manhood.───你看，我成年以后，就是一個(gè)軍人。

61 、He has arrived at manhood.───他已成人。

62 、It had enticed Lyman into its toils to pluck from him his manhood and his honesty, corrupting him and poisoning him beyond redemption.───它使萊門(mén)上了圈套，來(lái)剝奪他的人格和誠(chéng)實(shí)的心靈，腐蝕他，毒害他，弄得無(wú)可救藥。

63 、His son has grown into manhood.───他的兒子已成年了。

64 、Either he is growing stronger, healthier, wiser, as the youth approaching manhood, or he is growing weaker, older, less incisive mentally, as the man approaching old age.───他要么如同青年接近成年，越變?cè)綇?qiáng)壯、健康、聰明； 要么如同成年接近老年，越變?cè)教撊?、衰老、思想遲鈍。

65 、In Bacchic gong drum, one batch receives manhood of a batch of warm blood to get together from far and near army (alarm) battalion.───在喧鬧的鑼鼓聲中,一批接一批熱血男兒從四面八方聚到軍(警)營(yíng)。

66 、When I reached manhood I married Anna of the race of our forefathers and she bore me a son, Tobias.───及至成年，我由同族中娶了一個(gè)名叫亞納的女子，她生了一個(gè)兒子，給他起名叫多俾亞。

67 、Must be quite a blow to your manhood.─── 一定很打擊你作為男人的自尊心吧

68 、He passed out of childhood into manhood.───他已從童年進(jìn)入壯年。

69 、The disappointment of manhood succeeds to the delusion of youth.───壯年期的失望接替青年期的幻想。

70 、He will enter his manhood.───他快要成年了。

71 、You'll soon pass out of childhood into manhood.───你快要從童年進(jìn)入到成年啦。

72 、They perceive alcohol and tobacco use as symbols of manhood.───他們覺(jué)得飲酒和吸煙是具有男子漢氣質(zhì)的標(biāo)志。

73 、The life development of the hero starts from nature, which witnessing and recording every step he has taken towards his manhood.───大自然是主人公保羅心靈成長(zhǎng)的濫觴之地,它真實(shí)地記錄了年輕保羅的成長(zhǎng)經(jīng)歷。

74 、Hardship and opposition are the native soil of manhood and self-reliance.───困窘和敵對(duì)是剛毅和自立更生的天然土壤。

75 、Suddenly he's not the only one questioning his manhood she is too.─── 突然間 不光是他 連他妻子都開(kāi)始 質(zhì)疑他的男子氣概

76 、Like an enemy he has bent his bow, his right hand steadying the arrow. All our pride of manhood he slew as he took his stand as a foe, pouring out fury like fire upon the tent of Zion's daughter.───在熙雍女郎的帳幕內(nèi)，發(fā)洩了他似火的烈怒。

77 、"When my son has grown to manhood, and is strong enough to raise that rock," continued Aegeus, "you must bring him to this place, and let him discover for himself the sword and the sandals.───埃勾斯說(shuō)"當(dāng)我的兒子長(zhǎng)大成人并且他的力氣能夠舉起這塊石頭的時(shí)候，你要把他待到這個(gè)地方，讓他自己找到劍和草鞋。

78 、I should think there's more to manhood than swordplay.─── 我認(rèn)為長(zhǎng)大*可不僅僅是會(huì)舞劍

79 、His eyes had a wild, eager light in them as if some primeval impluse were burning within his brain and driving out every other desire but that of asserting his manhood and of subjugating the earth.───他兩眼放光，眼神熾熱焦灼，仿佛腦子里有一股原始沖動(dòng)在燃燒，把其它欲望都趕跑了，一心只想證明自己的男人本色，以及征服這片土地。

80 、So I may grow to manhood and rule this land.─── 所以我就能化作人形 一統(tǒng)這片土地

81 、You, Reuben, my first-born, my strength and the first fruit of my manhood, excelling in rank and excelling in power!───勒烏本，你是我的長(zhǎng)子，我的力量，我壯年的首生；你過(guò)于暴燥，過(guò)于激烈，

82 、Make it a life - rule to give your best to whatever passes through your hands. Stamp it with you manhood Let superiority be your trademark.───盡最大努力去做自己經(jīng)手的每件事情,并以此為生活準(zhǔn)則。在每件事情上都留下你的堅(jiān)毅勇敢。讓優(yōu)秀成為你的特點(diǎn)。

83 、On reaching manhood, Orestes avenged his father by killing Aegisthus and Clytemnestra.───他長(zhǎng)大成人后為父報(bào)仇，殺死愛(ài)吉沙斯和克呂泰涅斯特拉。

84 、If they're going to rage the should have the manhood (or womanhood) to match it and back it up.───如果他們想發(fā)怒的話，他們應(yīng)該有成年男子或女子陪同監(jiān)護(hù)。

85 、Between the innocence of babyhood and the seriousness of manhood we find a delightful creature called a “boy”.───在天真無(wú)邪的幼兒時(shí)期和滿臉嚴(yán)肅的成人時(shí)期，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)有一種可愛(ài)的的小家伙，這個(gè)小家伙就叫做“男孩兒”。

86 、Congenital aneurism often appears later in manhood symptom.───先天性動(dòng)脈瘤往往在成年以后出現(xiàn)癥狀。

87 、O'Donovan Rossa was splendid in the proud manhood of him, splendid in the heroic grace of him, splendid in the Gaelic strength and clarity and truth of him.───奧多諾萬(wàn)·羅沙因剛毅而偉大，因英明而偉大，因蓋爾人的頑強(qiáng)、鮮明和真誠(chéng)而偉大。

88 、He will soon attain to manhood.───他很快就要到達(dá)成年期了。

89 、Does he know that some students endure bullying from other male classmates for being "girly", and some are afraid to go to the toilet for fear of being stripped to prove their "manhood"?───他可知道有學(xué)生就是因?yàn)槟?，所以受盡男同學(xué)的欺負(fù)，不敢上廁所怕遭脫褲要驗(yàn)明正身。

90 、Their leader tell them to prove their manhood by fighting well.───他們的首領(lǐng)要他們奮勇作戰(zhàn)，以此顯示男子漢氣概。

形容男人很爺們的英語(yǔ)？

名詞：

manliness ['m?nl?n?s] 男子氣概；勇敢；剛毅例句：You can prove your manliness and general worth by dusting off the toolbox and doing a littlehome repair.你可以翻出工具箱，做一些家庭的小修理來(lái)展示你的男子氣概和證明你值得信賴。

machismo [m?'k?zm??]男子氣概；男子漢例句：The machismo of demonstrating that you can work 22 hours a day is all too prevalent. And itleads to bad decisions by exhausted men and women.那些要你每天工作22個(gè)小時(shí)來(lái)彰顯英雄氣概的想法太流行了，因此導(dǎo)致那些筋疲力盡的****做出糟糕的決定。

manhood ['m?nh?d] 成年；男子；男子氣概例句：Free me from your spells， and give me back the manhood to offer you my freed heart. 把我從你的誘惑中放出來(lái)吧，把男子氣概交還我，好讓我把得到自由的心貢獻(xiàn)給你。

masculinity [,m?skj?'l?n?t?] 男性；男子氣；剛毅 例句：What is the meaning of work, of leisure, of community, of masculinity and femininity, of freedomand fulfillment? 工作的意義，休閑的意義，社區(qū)的意義，男性和女性的意義，自由和幸福的意義究竟是什么？

形容詞：

virile ['v?ra?l]男性的；有男子氣概的；剛健的例句：The Greeks believed they made men more virile as well. Plus, olives make for a perfect low-carb appetizer. 希臘人認(rèn)為，他們使人們更加剛健，另外，橄欖為完美的低碳水化合物開(kāi)胃菜。

in the prime of manhood 在壯年時(shí)期；正在年富力強(qiáng)時(shí)期例句：They should be in the prime of manhood.他們應(yīng)該正值人生的黃金時(shí)期。

masculine ['m?skj?l?n] 男性的；**的；男子氣概的例句：That is why even the most masculine female is more loving than the most feminine male. 這就是為什么最男子氣概的女性也要比最娘兒們的男性更懂得施予愛(ài)。

形容男人的單詞

charming 有魅力的

handsome 帥

cool 酷

perfect 完美的

stylish瀟灑的

attractive迷人的

clean-cut棱角分明的

comely清秀的

elegant文雅的

fair白皙的

fashionable時(shí)髦的

good-looking好看的

graceful優(yōu)雅的

personable風(fēng)度翩翩的

求助!<歌劇魅影><兒子與情人>英文簡(jiǎn)介

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歌劇魅影

The Phantom of the Opera (Le Fantôme de l’Opéra in French) is a French novel by Gaston Leroux. It was first published as a serialization in Le Gaulois from September 23, 1909 to January 8, 1910. It is believed to have been inspired by George du Maurier's Trilby. It was translated into English in 1911. It has since been adapted many times into film and stage productions, the most notable of which was Andrew Lloyd Webber's 1986 musical, which is now the longest running Broadway show in history, and the most lucrative entertainment enterprise of all time, its worldwide box office over the past 20 years out-grossing even the highest grossing film in history, Titanic.

Leroux's original 1910 novel is set in 19th century Paris at the Opera Garnier (The Paris Opera or The National Academy of Music), which was built between 1857 and 1874 over a huge underground lake. The employees claim that the opera house is haunted by a mysterious ghost who wreaks chaos and destruction when displeased. Erik, posing as the "Phantom of the Opera" (Opera Ghost in the Mattos and Bair translation), sends the managers of the Opera Garnier repeated threats of catastrophe should they not pay him a monthly stipend of 20,000 francs and perpetually reserve Box no.5 for him at every show. This arrangement, unbroken during the many years of the manager's tenure, is abruptly terminated when two new proprietors, Armand Moncharmin and Firmin Richard, take over the opera house and refuse to give in to what they view as the empty threats, originally thinking it a practical joke by former managers, and eventually growing suspicious of each other.

Meanwhile, Erik has taken on a new protégée, Christine Daaé. He tells her that he is the "Angel of Music", a heavenly spirit sent by her dead father to help her, and proceeds to give her regular voice lessons through the wall. Under the tutelage of her new teacher, Christine makes rapid progress in her musical studies and achieves new prominence on stage when she is selected to replace the current prima donna Carlotta, whose act is sabotaged by the Phantom. Christine shines in her featured debut and immediately wins the hearts of the audience, including that of her childhood boyfriend, Raoul, the Vicomte de Chagny.

Erik becomes envious of Christine's relationship with Raoul and takes her to his Gothic world beneath the opera house. Christine quickly finds that there is nothing angelic about Erik, and learns to her disappointment that he is just a man, and that he and the ghost are one and the same (and comes to know him as malicious, volatile, dangerous and somewhat bitter, yet also brilliant and pitiful). She is infuriated at having been deceived, and demands to be set free. Erik promises to release her after five days. After some awkward moments (dining by herself while he watches, being shown his room which looks like a death chamber, his bed a coffin...) Erik and Christine eventually begin a duet from Otello, and in a fit a of passion Christine rips off his mask, driven by curiosity to see the face of the man who loves her, and why he wears a mask. "If I live to be one hundred, I should always hear that superhuman cry of grief and rage which he uttered before that terrible sight reached my eyes," Christine later tells Raoul. The Phantom is furious and threatens to keep her in his lair forever, but later changes his mind. Christine is released, but only after promising to return by her own will and swearing never to give her love to anyone else. Christine does return, but only out of pity for Erik.

But Erik isn't the only one who is envious. After Christine's debut performance, Raoul overhears Christine succumbing to a tyrannical, disembodied voice in her dressing room (Erik). He becomes suspicious that another man is taking advantage of her innocent belief in an "Angel of Music" in order to seduce her. He starts spying on her in an attempt to find the mysterious seducer. Christine suddenly becomes aware of this and is very angry, but after Erik reveals himself, and with Raoul's persistence and threat not to leave on his naval expedition unless she tells him the truth (while promising to help her escape it), she decides to tell Raoul, on the roof of the Opera Garnier, everything that has happened between her and Erik. The two of them plan to run away from Paris and the "horror of Erik".

Erik overhears everything on the roof, and abducts Christine from the stage during her final performance at the Opera Garnier as Margarita in Gounod's Faust, at the point where Christine, as Margarita, is appealing to the angels. Raoul follows them down into the depths of the cavern beneath the opera house, and is guided to Erik's house by a character known as the Persian. Unfortunately for both of them, the route they take to Erik's house leads instead to a torture chamber (a catoptric cistula), where they helplessly listen to Erik raging at Christine, who lied to him and betrayed him. He threatens that should Christine not marry him, he will destroy the Opera House with explosives, in turn, "many members of the human race" would be destroyed. Christine, already on the brink of suicide, sadly accepts his proposal at 11pm the next night, Erik's "deadline."

Eventually, Christine shows Erik genuine sympathy and displays an act of love by crying with him, not running away when he takes off his mask, and even going so far as to kiss him on the forehead. This granted Erik a happiness he never thought possible. In despair, Erik releases Raoul and Christine and gives them his blessings to marry. He asks only that Christine come back after his death, and bury him with the ring he gave her, which is indeed not long afterwards.

Right before his death, Erik delivers a monologue expressing his grief, in which he describes how Christine was the only woman to let him kiss her, his brief euphoria when she kissed him, his despair at having the love of his life betrothed to another, and his gratitude to the Persian, who once saved his life. This is the only part of the novel written in Erik's perspective. Choking and sobbing, he dedicates his death to his beloved Christine.

"He had a heart that could have held the empire of the world, and in the end, he had to content himself with a cellar," writes Leroux in the epilogue of his book.

兒子與情人

Sons and Lovers is the third published novel of D.H. Lawrence, taken by many to be his earliest masterpiece. It tells the story of Paul Morel, a young man and a budding artist. This autobiographical novel is a brilliant evocation of life in a working class mining community.

The original 1913 edition was heavily edited by Edward Garnett who removed eighty passages, roughly a tenth of the text. Despite this the novel is dedicated to Garnett. It was not until the 1992 Cambridge University Press edition that the missing text was restored.

Lawrence rewrote the work four times until he was happy with it. Although before publication the work was usually called Paul Morel, Lawrence finally settled on Sons and Lovers. Just as this changed title makes the work less focused on a central character, many of the latter additions broadened the scope of the work thereby making the work less autobiographical. While some of the edits by Garnett were on the grounds of propriety or style, others would once more narrow the emphasis back upon Paul.

In 1999, the Modern Library ranked Sons and Lovers ninth on a list of the 100 best novels in English of the 20th century.

Part I:

The refined daughter of a "good old burgher family," Gertrude Coppard meets a rough-hewn miner at a Christmas dance and falls into a whirlwind romance. But soon after her marriage to Walter Morel, she realizes the difficulties of living off his meager salary in a rented house. The couple fight and drift apart and Walter retreats to the pub after work each day. Gradually, Mrs. Morel's affections shift to her sons, beginning with the oldest, William.

As a boy, William is so attached to his mother that he doesn't enjoy the fair without her. As he grows older, he defends her against his father's occasional violence. Eventually, he leaves home for a job in London, where he begins to rise up into the middle class. He is engaged, but he detests the girl's superficiality. He dies, and Mrs. Morel is heartbroken, but when Paul catches pneumonia, she rediscovers her love for her second son.

Part II:

Both repulsed by and drawn to his mother, Paul is afraid to leave her but wants to go out on his own, and needs to experience love. Gradually, he falls into a relationship with Miriam, a farm girl who attends his church. The two take long walks and have intellectual conversations about books, but Paul resists, in part because his mother looks down on her. At work, Paul meets Clara Dawes, who has separated from her husband, Baxter.

Paul leaves Miriam behind as he grows more intimate with Clara, but even she cannot hold him, and he returns to his mother. When his mother dies soon after, he is alone.

Lawrence summarised the plot in a letter to Edward Garnett on 12 November 1912:

It follows this idea: a woman of character and refinement goes into the lower class, and has no satisfaction in her own life. She has had a passion for her husband, so her children are born of passion, and have heaps of vitality. But as her sons grow up she selects them as lovers — first the eldest, then the second. These sons are urged into life by their reciprocal love of their mother — urged on and on. But when they come to manhood, they can't love, because their mother is the strongest power in their lives, and holds them. It's rather like Goethe and his mother and Frau von Stein and Christiana — As soon as the young men come into contact with women, there's a split. William gives his sex to a fribble, and his mother holds his soul. But the split kills him, because he doesn't know where he is. The next son gets a woman who fights for his soul — fights his mother. The son loves his mother — all the sons hate and are jealous of the father. The battle goes on between the mother and the girl, with the son as object. The mother gradually proves stronger, because of the ties of blood. The son decides to leave his soul in his mother's hands, and, like his elder brother go for passion. He gets passion. Then the split begins to tell again. But, almost unconsciously, the mother realises what is the matter, and begins to die. The son casts off his mistress, attends to his mother dying. He is left in the end naked of everything, with the drift towards death.

This is the most autobiographical of all Lawrence's works as the author himself had a similar relationship with his own mother. The use of this oedipal theme is one of a number of Freudian concepts he used throughout his books. Like many of his works, Sons and Lovers was criticized when first published for obscenity and one publisher called it "the dirtiest book he had ever read" but compared to his later works it is quite constrained.