?humanness

humanness發(fā)音

英：['hju:m?nn?s]　　美：['hju:m?n?s]

英：　　美：

humanness中文意思翻譯

n. 為人, 為人的資格, 人性

humanness詞形變化

動詞過去式: humanized | 動詞第三人稱單數(shù): humanizes | 動詞過去分詞: humanized | 名詞: humanization | 動詞現(xiàn)在分詞: humanizing |

humanness常見例句

1 、He is really a mere bookworm lacking human experience.───他真是個缺乏人生閱歷的書呆子。

2 、Only a man full of the milk of human kindness could have continued to befriend the proud and obstinate young man.───只有天性善良的人才會和這個性情高傲脾氣倔強的年輕人繼續(xù)交往。

3 、The potentialities of the human brain are inexhaustible.───人類頭腦的潛力是無窮的。

4 、Human beings have learned out how to make magnet of cast iron.───人類已經(jīng)學(xué)會如何從生鐵制出磁鐵。

5 、Responsible managerial position in human resources.───人力資源方面負(fù)責(zé)管理的職務(wù)。

6 、It would be an entertaining change in human affairs to determine everything by minorities; they are almost always in the right.───凡事均由少數(shù)決定的話，人類的事情將會是引人入勝變化吧; 幾乎老是少數(shù)派有道理的嘛。

7 、All kinds of human experience testify to the close link between love and fear.───人類的種種經(jīng)驗都證明了愛與怕之間的緊密聯(lián)系。

8 、A human hair consists mainly of a protein called Keratin. It also contains some moisture and the trace metals and minerals found in the rest of the body.───人類的頭發(fā)主要由一種叫角朊的蛋白質(zhì)組成，并含有水分及在身體其他部分也可找到的微量金屬和礦物質(zhì)。

9 、Sexual relations between a human being and an animal.───**性關(guān)系人與獸之間的性關(guān)系

10 、His protests on human rights sound hollow.───他就人權(quán)問題提出的抗議聽來很空洞。

11 、A human being considered with respect to his or her physical, as opposed to spiritual, nature.───獸性，動物性一個人身體方面的特性，與精神和性情相對的方面

12 、He sees that human stupidity and greed are about to plunge Europe into chaos.───他看到人間的愚蠢和貪婪即將使歐洲陷入一片混亂。

13 、Human biological rhythms are related to the natural cycle of day and night.───人的生物節(jié)奏與晝夜的自然循環(huán)有關(guān)。

14 、A life-size full or partial representation of the human body, used for the fitting or displaying of clothes; a dummy.───人體模型如真人大小的、全身或半身的人體模型，用于量試衣服是否合適或展示服裝; 人體模型

15 、He took a mournful view on human affairs.───他對人世持悲觀的態(tài)度。

16 、The human brain contains several billion nerve cells, which are connected with one another by fine nerves.───人類的大腦含有幾十億個神經(jīng)細(xì)胞，這些細(xì)胞由纖細(xì)的神經(jīng)將彼此連接起來。

17 、The enemy of human happiness is always lying at lurch.───人類幸福的大敵總是伺機進(jìn)行破壞的。

18 、If so, we are more human than any human ever will be.─── 如果是的話那我們就比所有人類更加人類

19 、Interpreting reality exclusively in terms of human values and experience.───人類解釋宇宙說的完全以人類的價值標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和經(jīng)驗解釋宇宙存在的

20 、There are many aqueducts in the human body.───人的身上有許多導(dǎo)管。

21 、The totality of socially transmitted behavior patterns, arts, beliefs, institutions, and all other products of human work and thought.───人類文化通過社會傳導(dǎo)的行為方式、藝術(shù)、信仰、風(fēng)俗以及人類工作和思想的所有其它產(chǎn)物的整體

22 、A degraded and squalid class or state of human existence.───下等階層人類生活中一種墮落的，邋遢的階層或狀態(tài)

23 、The most melancholy of human reflections, perhaps, is that, on the whole, it is a question whether the benevolence of man does most harm or good.───人類思考的最大的憂郁，也許是：大體上，人的慈善行為究竟有益抑或更為有害，是一則疑問。

24 、All these ruins, all these remains are monuments to human creativity, human ambitions, human hopes.─── 這些遺跡和廢墟都是豐碑 彰顯人類的創(chuàng)造力 雄心壯志 以及美好希冀

25 、He was destitute of human feelings.───他毫無人的感情。

26 、A Titan who was the father of Prometheus and Atlas and an ancestor of the human race.───伊阿珀托斯一個提坦巨人，是普羅米修斯和阿特拉斯的父親，而且是人類的祖先

27 、A side view of an object or a structure, especially of the human head.───側(cè)面從側(cè)面觀看的物體或構(gòu)造，尤指人的腦袋

28 、He was the only human being on the island.───他是那個島上唯一的人。

29 、Human desires are not always fulfilled.───人的欲望是永遠(yuǎn)無法滿足的。

30 、Human tissue is made up of cells.───人體的組織是由細(xì)胞構(gòu)成的。

31 、It is not humanly possible (ie A human is not able) to lift the weight.───人舉不起這樣的重量。

32 、Human brains have more than 100 million cells per cubic centimeter.───人腦每立方公分有一億多個細(xì)胞。

33 、The study of human body measurement for use in anthropological classification and comparison.───人體測量學(xué)對人體測量的研究，用于人類學(xué)的分類和比較

34 、CO is not readily perceived by the human senses.───一氧化碳不易被人的感覺器官所覺察。

35 、There are many humorous allusions to human foibles in the drama.───劇中多處幽默地提到人類的弱點。

36 、Human beings considered as a group; the human race.───人類作為整體來講的人類; 人類

37 、A case could be made out that it's more human to kill off these wild kangaroos.───人們可以提出理由，即殺光這些野袋鼠更為人道。

38 、A five-year plan unveiled by the Human Resources Administration last month promises beefed–up services to homeless families and better accommodations.───上月人力資源局所發(fā)表的一項五年計劃，將要加強對流離失所家庭的服務(wù)，并給予較好的安置。

39 、But that's not human nature, not the human heart.─── 但這并非人類的天性 也不是出自本意

40 、The crisis we face today are created by humans and what is created by humans can be changed by humans.─── 我們今天面臨的危機 是由人類造成的 而被人類創(chuàng)造出來的東西 也能被人類改變

41 、Human dignity was denied and trampled upon.───人的尊嚴(yán)遭到了蔑視和踐踏。

42 、If they had any respect for human life they wouldn't do such terrible things.───他們?nèi)绻€顧及人的生命就不會做出這樣可怕的事來。

43 、Only human beings are capable of speech.───只有人類才具有說話的能力。

44 、Should another world war break out, what would become of human beings?───萬一另一次世界大戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)，人類將會發(fā)生什么事？

45 、Human ecology is a branch of social science.───人文生態(tài)學(xué)是社會科學(xué)的一個分支。

46 、The three most important events of human life are equally devoid of reason: birth, marriage, and death.───人生三件大事——出生、結(jié)婚以及死亡——都是全無道理可言的。

47 、The Rev.Lawrence Lucas is way out of line. His blatantly anti-Semitic statements Monday were not the stuff of tempered judgment. Or of moral leadership. Or of human sensitivity.───盧卡斯牧師太過離譜。他星期一大言不慚地發(fā)表反對猶太人的談話，不免偏激。既非道德楷模，也不顧他人感受。

48 、The belief that the sole moral obligation of humankind is the improvement of human welfare.───人道主義，博愛主義認(rèn)為人類唯一的道義責(zé)任是提高人類福利的信仰

49 、So you are a human who cares about other humans.─── 所以你確實是個關(guān)心他人的人

50 、One of his frailties of human nature is laziness.───他的弱點之一是懶惰。

51 、A human being is an ingenious assembly of portable plumbing.───人類，是一堆可以隨意拆卸的鉛管零件的巧妙裝配。

52 、And become a human doctor for humans.─── 來成為一個醫(yī)治人類的人類醫(yī)生

53 、The human being struggles with his environment.───人類和環(huán)境競爭。

54 、A representation of facts, concepts, or instructions in a formalized manner suitable for communication, interpretation, or processing by human or automatic means.───事實、概念或指令按某一規(guī)格化方式的一種表示，適于人或自動裝置進(jìn)行通信、解釋或處理。

55 、The Human Genome Project has several objectives.───人類基因組計劃有若干目標(biāo)。

56 、I have the germs of every human infirmity in me.───人類所有的毛病在我身上都有發(fā)生的可能。

57 、The doctrine that the human being is purely animal with no spiritual nature.───人即獸理論主張人是純粹的野獸，沒有精神活動的理論

58 、How long can a human being go (ie survive) without food?───人不吃東西能活多久?

59 、Everything you say seems to be pervaded with a mistrust of the human race.───你說的一切似乎都滲透了對人類的不信任。

60 、He thinks that the Second World War was the worst blood bath in human history.───他認(rèn)為第二次世界大戰(zhàn)是人類歷史上最慘重的大屠殺。

61 、The invention of writing was the most revolutionary of all human inventions.───書寫是人類各種發(fā)明中最具有革命性的。

62 、He disliked the litter of human dwellings.───他不喜歡住處搞得亂七八糟。

63 、Is the human race threatened with complete extinction?───人類是否會受到完全滅絕的威脅呢？

64 、The October Revolution was a turning-point in human history.───十月革命是人類歷史的一個轉(zhuǎn)折點。

65 、The issue of human rights is widely agitated.───人權(quán)問題引起廣泛而激烈的辯論。

66 、All wealth comes ultimately from human labor.───一切財富歸根到底來源於人類的勞動。

67 、They listened to his discourse on human relations.───他們聽他作關(guān)于人際關(guān)系的演講。

68 、Can a policemen possibly enjoy weltering in the dirty side of human behavior?───一個警察整天和人類行為的丑惡面打交道，能感到津津有味嗎？

69 、History is a reservoir of human experience.───歷史是人類經(jīng)歷的總匯。

70 、Human Being can subdue the nature.───人能夠征服自然。

71 、Human life and turnip remain cheap and plentiful.───人命與蘿卜依然是多而且便宜。

72 、Human beings are moral individuals.───人是有辨別是非能力的。

73 、NATO's invasion of this independent country is a brutal violation of human rights.───北約對這個獨立的國家的侵略是對人權(quán)的野蠻侵犯。

74 、They were upgraded humans, but they were still humans.─── 他們是升級人類 但依然只是人類

75 、Will 2003 be the year of the first human clone?───人類第一個克隆人會在2003年誕生嗎?

76 、Because in order to develop their full human potential, the brains of our human babies need the stimulation of other humans.─── 為了完全激發(fā)出人類的潛能 人類孩子的大腦 需要其他人類的*

77 、A joint, as of a bird or quadruped, corresponding to the human elbow.───關(guān)節(jié)，肘部鳥或四肢動物的關(guān)節(jié)，相當(dāng)于人的肘

78 、The human body is a very complicated organization.───人體是一個非常復(fù)雜的有機體。

79 、A full-scale nuclear war could lead to the annihilation of the human race.───全面的核子戰(zhàn)爭能導(dǎo)致人類的滅絕。

80 、Concern for human welfare, especially as manifested through philanthropy.───人道主義，博愛精神對人類福利的關(guān)注，尤指通過慈善活動表現(xiàn)出來的

81 、A human being has the vestige of a tail.───人類仍有尾巴退化的痕跡。

82 、When a human being interacts with something that looks like a human being, they're incapable of remembering that it is, in fact, not a human.─── 當(dāng)人類跟一個看起來像人類的 物體互動的時候 他們很難記住 這件物體 實際上 并不是人類

83 、Human beings are creative animals.───人類是有創(chuàng)造力的動物

84 、The condition or quality of being human; humanness.───為人的資格成為人的條件和品質(zhì)；人

85 、Speeches distinguish human beings from animals.───人類和動物的區(qū)別在于人會說話。

86 、Human beings are social animals.───人是社會性的動物。

87 、Perhaps it is our human nature to be nostalgic.───也許是人類天生有一種思古之幽情。

88 、You're more human than most humans I know.─── 你比我認(rèn)識的大部分人類更有人性

89 、How many acupuncture points are there in the human body?───人體有多少穴位?

90 、The study of the characteristics of human populations, such as size, growth, density, distribution, and vital statistics.───人口統(tǒng)計學(xué)對人口特征，例如數(shù)量、增長情況、密度、分布和人口動態(tài)統(tǒng)計等進(jìn)行研究的學(xué)科

簡述人本主義理論

問題一：簡述人本主義學(xué)習(xí)理論？ 人本 主 義 心理學(xué)源于02世紀(jì)05年代的美國，其主要代表人物是馬斯洛

(A.Maslow)和羅杰斯(C.R.Rogers).與以行為主義心理學(xué)為基礎(chǔ)的程序教學(xué)

運動和以認(rèn)知心理學(xué)為基礎(chǔ)的學(xué)科結(jié)構(gòu)一起，被稱作20世紀(jì)的三大教學(xué)運動。

一、人本主義學(xué)習(xí)理論的內(nèi)涵

人本 主 義 最核心的思想就是認(rèn)為人性來自自然，自然人性即人的本性，反對

將人的心理低俗化、動物化，強調(diào)人是自然實體而非社會實體。這同以往的精神

分析學(xué)派和行為主義學(xué)派相對立，因此也被稱作心理學(xué)中的第三思潮。

人本 主 義 心理學(xué)家根據(jù)人類自身的發(fā)展特點，提出了人本主義的教育目標(biāo):

培養(yǎng)能夠適應(yīng)變化的、知道如何學(xué)習(xí)的、個性充分發(fā)展的人。我國的素質(zhì)教育強

調(diào)尊重、關(guān)心、理解、信任每一個學(xué)生，尤其強調(diào)培養(yǎng)有創(chuàng)新精神和實踐能力的

人。盡管人本主義教育與我國素質(zhì)教育的理論背景和理論依據(jù)有差異，但二者所

倡導(dǎo)的教育目標(biāo)在很大程度上是一致的。人本主義教育與我國推行的素質(zhì)教育從

教育的培養(yǎng)目標(biāo)到教育教學(xué)的原則、方法等都強調(diào)以人為本，主張人的全面發(fā)展，

重視學(xué)生的認(rèn)知、情感、興趣、動機以及潛能的發(fā)揮，把學(xué)生看成是學(xué)習(xí)的主人，

教師是激發(fā)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的促進(jìn)者、指導(dǎo)者。同時，人本主義教育強調(diào)師生關(guān)系和諧、

平等，并重視意義學(xué)習(xí)，使學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)充滿樂趣。因此，有西方教育學(xué)者認(rèn)為，

當(dāng)代人本主義教育已成為當(dāng)今教育之主流，未來教育之趨勢。在教育教學(xué)內(nèi)容上，

人本主義教育主張不僅要重視智育、德育、美育、體育，而且要重視學(xué)生的情感

和意志的培養(yǎng)教育;在教育教學(xué)方法上，人本主義教育主張堅持學(xué)生的主體地位，

采用多樣化的教育方法，如自我教育法、陶冶教育法、暗示教育法、活動教育法

問題二：人本主義學(xué)習(xí)理論的主要觀點是什么？ 一、主要觀點　　人本主義學(xué)習(xí)理論強調(diào)學(xué)生自主學(xué)習(xí)，自主建構(gòu)知識意義，強調(diào)協(xié)作學(xué)習(xí)。與建構(gòu)主義不同，它更強調(diào)以人的發(fā)展為本，即強調(diào)學(xué)生的自我發(fā)展，強調(diào)發(fā)掘人的創(chuàng)造潛能，強調(diào)情感教育。人本主義學(xué)習(xí)理論主要可以分為五大觀點：即潛能觀、自我實現(xiàn)觀、創(chuàng)造觀、情感因素觀與師生觀。　　1、潛能觀　　人本主義理論認(rèn)為：在學(xué)習(xí)與工作上人人都有潛在能力?？上У氖沁@種潛能沒有充分釋放出來。教育本身就要努力去發(fā)掘?qū)W生的潛在能力。所以人本主義理論研究的重點是在于怎樣通過教育來發(fā)掘每個學(xué)生的潛能。從這個觀點出發(fā)，人本主義一方面強調(diào)學(xué)習(xí)要以學(xué)生為主體但也重視教師在這個過程中發(fā)揮主導(dǎo)作用，而這個主導(dǎo)作用在于怎樣去發(fā)掘?qū)W生的潛能。　　2、自我實現(xiàn)觀（也叫自我發(fā)展觀）　　人本主義理論高度重視學(xué)生的個性差異和個人價值觀；強調(diào)學(xué)生自我實現(xiàn)（發(fā)展），把學(xué)生的自我實現(xiàn)作為教學(xué)的目標(biāo)。但由于人的知識水平、接受能力、興趣愛好，學(xué)習(xí)方法和學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣的不同，所以存在個性差異，教師在教學(xué)中，應(yīng)該根據(jù)每個不同的學(xué)生的個性差異，進(jìn)行因材施教，為不同學(xué)生創(chuàng)設(shè)不同的學(xué)習(xí)條件，使得不同的學(xué)生都能得到自由發(fā)揮，滿足不同的個性需求，讓學(xué)生認(rèn)識自身價值，促進(jìn)他們自身的發(fā)展　　3、創(chuàng)造觀　　人本主義與建構(gòu)主義一樣在知識與能力之間，崇尚學(xué)生能力的培養(yǎng)，并把創(chuàng)造力作為教學(xué)的核心問題。羅杰斯指出：人人有創(chuàng)造力，至少有創(chuàng)造力的潛能，人應(yīng)該主動地發(fā)展這些潛能。并認(rèn)為：不應(yīng)該把創(chuàng)造力看成某些專家的特權(quán)。而布魯姆也認(rèn)為應(yīng)該研究大多數(shù)人的潛能和創(chuàng)造力?！　?、情感因素觀　　學(xué)習(xí)中的情感因素，包括發(fā)掘?qū)W生潛能，發(fā)展學(xué)生創(chuàng)造力都有密切關(guān)系。對這一點，人本主義給予特別重視，認(rèn)為學(xué)習(xí)是學(xué)生個人主動發(fā)起的（不是被動地等待 *** ）。個人對學(xué)習(xí)的整體投入，不但涉及認(rèn)知能力，而且涉及情感、行為等等方面。學(xué)生對學(xué)習(xí)興趣很濃，目標(biāo)明確，是十分重要的情感因素，教師必須充分地為學(xué)生創(chuàng)設(shè)良好的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境，把學(xué)生充分吸引到學(xué)習(xí)的情境中來，并長時期堅持下去。這種情感因素的創(chuàng)造，一要教師積極引導(dǎo)，二要積極進(jìn)行鼓勵，三要創(chuàng)設(shè)良好的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境?！　?、師生觀　　人本主義更重視師生**觀；師生之間的關(guān)系也是以情感為紐帶，維持一種寬松、和諧、民主、平等的學(xué)習(xí)氛圍，建立起一種良好的人際關(guān)系與和諧的學(xué)習(xí)氛圍。教師應(yīng)該平等地對待每一個學(xué)生，根據(jù)學(xué)生的個體差異，相信學(xué)生，尊重學(xué)生，在教學(xué)過程中要構(gòu)建民主、平等、和諧的師生關(guān)系，使學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)中沒有感到壓抑或負(fù)擔(dān)，讓學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)中真正做到學(xué)得主動積極和生動活潑。教師由主宰者、權(quán)威變成學(xué)生的指導(dǎo)者和朋友，由教變成導(dǎo)，這樣才能讓學(xué)生的學(xué)變成真正的自主參與?！　《?、人本主義學(xué)習(xí)觀的內(nèi)涵與啟示　　人本主義的學(xué)習(xí)理論的內(nèi)涵體現(xiàn)在教學(xué)理論上，就是以學(xué)生為中心，鼓勵學(xué)生積極主動地學(xué)習(xí)?！　∈紫?，人本主義學(xué)習(xí)理論的教育目標(biāo)是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生學(xué)會學(xué)習(xí)，從而達(dá)到自我實現(xiàn)?！　∑浯?，人本主義學(xué)習(xí)理論主張學(xué)生在教育中的主體地位，強調(diào)在教學(xué)過程中讓學(xué)生保持和產(chǎn)生好奇心，以自己的興趣為導(dǎo)向去探究任何未知領(lǐng)域，意識到一切事物都是變化的、發(fā)展的?！　≡俅?，人本主義學(xué)習(xí)理論認(rèn)為教師僅僅是學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的促進(jìn)者。作為促進(jìn)者的教師的首要任務(wù)不是教而是促,允許學(xué)生自由學(xué)習(xí)和滿足自己的好奇心?！　‰S著經(jīng)濟的快速發(fā)展、國際間信息交流的融合，社會對人才的要求以從單一化逐漸走向了多元化，即在注重知識技能掌握的同時更加關(guān)注人的創(chuàng)造才能和創(chuàng)新才能的發(fā)揮。在這樣的形勢下,重新認(rèn)識人本主義學(xué)習(xí)理論基本思想價值,相信對我國人才模式的培養(yǎng)具有一定的指導(dǎo)、借鑒作用。對于當(dāng)前時期人才培養(yǎng)......>>

問題三：簡述人本主義學(xué)派的主要理論 人本主義主張，心理學(xué)應(yīng)當(dāng)把人作為一個整體來研究，而不是將人的心理肢解為不完整的幾個部分，應(yīng)該研究正常的人，而且更應(yīng)該關(guān)注人的高級心理活動，如熱情、信念、生命、尊嚴(yán)等內(nèi)容。人本主義的學(xué)習(xí)理論從全人教育的視角闡釋了學(xué)習(xí)者整個人的成長歷程，以發(fā)展人性

問題四：人本主義的基本理論 1、人性本善論

人性本善論是人本主義心理學(xué)基本的人性觀，也是人本主義的動機論與人格論的出發(fā)點和理論支柱。它認(rèn)為人的天性中就有實現(xiàn)自己的潛能和滿足人的基本需要的傾向。動物在向人進(jìn)化的過程中，就顯出人性的自然性的一面即友愛、合作和創(chuàng)造等潛能。

他們認(rèn)為，在適當(dāng)?shù)某砷L和自我實現(xiàn)的環(huán)境中，人性是善良的，至少表現(xiàn)為中性。人性的惡是由于基本需要未被滿足，自我實現(xiàn)的環(huán)境被破壞而引起的。羅洛・梅還認(rèn)為人性既善也惡。正是因為善與惡、美與丑、快樂與痛苦等積極與消極的這種兩極辯證關(guān)系才使人生有了動力和深度。另外，馬斯洛還提出愛是人類的本性，是一種健康的感情關(guān)系，需要雙方相互理解和接受。

2、需要層次理論

需要層次論（need hierarchy theory）是人本主義心理學(xué)的一種動機理論，馬斯洛認(rèn)為，動機是人類生存和發(fā)展的內(nèi)在動力，需要是產(chǎn)生動機的源泉。需要的強度決定著動機的強度，但只有最為強烈的需要才形成人們的主要動機。

馬斯洛還將需要分為兩類：一類是人的基本需要（basic needs），有生理需要、安全需要、歸屬與愛的需要和尊重的需要。這類需要是人的低層次需要，經(jīng)歷著由低到高的發(fā)展過程，較低層次的需要得到滿足后，人們才會產(chǎn)生新的高一層次的需要，這些需要得到滿足后就停止需要；第二類需要是心理需要(psychological needs)，包括人的認(rèn)知需要、美的需要和自我實現(xiàn)的需要。這些需要是人的高級需要。與低級需要不同的是，這類需要越被滿足就越產(chǎn)生更強的需要，沒有嚴(yán)格的等級高低關(guān)系。馬斯洛龔張，低層次需要是高層次需要的基礎(chǔ)，各層次需要的產(chǎn)生與人的發(fā)育階段密切相關(guān)。

3、自我實現(xiàn)論

自我實現(xiàn)論（self-actualization theory）是人本主義心理學(xué)個性發(fā)展理論的核心。理論認(rèn)為，人的自我實現(xiàn)是完滿人性（full humanness）的實現(xiàn)和個人潛能（personal potency）或特性(feature)的實現(xiàn)，前者是作為人類共性的潛能的自我實現(xiàn)，后者是作為個體差異的個人潛能的自我實現(xiàn)。馬斯洛認(rèn)為，自我實現(xiàn)是人的最高動機，它是以人的生理需要等基本需要為物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)的。馬斯洛的需要層次理論成為自我實現(xiàn)論的心理動力學(xué)基礎(chǔ)。他還提出高峰體驗（peak experience）的概念，它是人們進(jìn)入自我實現(xiàn)和超越自我狀態(tài)時感受到的一種非?；磉_(dá)與極樂的瞬時體驗。高峰體驗是通向自我實現(xiàn)的重要途徑。

另外，羅杰斯通過研究還提出了教育改革論，主要以學(xué)生為中心的教學(xué)模式。同樣的人本主義思想還體現(xiàn)在他的心理治療方法上，與精神分析心理學(xué)不同，他認(rèn)為應(yīng)通過患者的自我理解產(chǎn)生自我指導(dǎo)的行為達(dá)到糾正不正常行為的目的。

問題五：簡述人本主義心理學(xué)的四項基本原則 1．人本主義心理學(xué)的自我同一性原則

教育應(yīng)該使學(xué)生尋找內(nèi)在的同一性，減少或消除學(xué)生內(nèi)心的矛盾和精神上的分裂。并且?guī)椭鷮W(xué)生認(rèn)識到自我與非我的統(tǒng)一，即個人與社會和自然的統(tǒng)一。

2．人本主義心理學(xué)的啟發(fā)性原則

此原則主要是為了激發(fā)和培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的創(chuàng)造性。不僅要通過知識教育來培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的理性控制、邏輯思維等，更重要的是通過情感交流、優(yōu)美人格的形成、自我的充分自由的體現(xiàn)等活動來激發(fā)學(xué)生的非智力因素。

3．人本主義心理學(xué)的美育原則

重視音樂、舞蹈、美術(shù)等藝術(shù)教育。

4．人本主義心理學(xué)的超越性原則

對自我的超越，即超越自私，超越自我中心，從而達(dá)到忘我的境界。此外，還有對文化的超越，能夠以某種超脫的和客觀的態(tài)度對自己出身于其中的文化進(jìn)行審查，就是要培養(yǎng)一種具有批判精神的人。

5．人本主義心理學(xué)的價值原則

教育應(yīng)使學(xué)生獲得價值感，應(yīng)該挖掘、激發(fā)學(xué)生的內(nèi)在價值，使受教育者獲得生存的意義。

6．人本主義心理學(xué)的基本觀點

人本主義心理學(xué)(humanistic psychology)是20世紀(jì)五六十年代興起于美國的一種心理學(xué)思潮，是繼行為主義和精神分析的第三大勢力。主要代表人物是亞伯拉罕?馬斯洛(Abraham Maslow)和卡爾?羅杰斯(Carl Rogers)。其學(xué)習(xí)觀與教學(xué)觀深刻地影響了世界范圍內(nèi)的教育改革，是與程序教學(xué)運動、學(xué)科結(jié)構(gòu)運動齊名的20世紀(jì)三大教學(xué)運動之一。

問題六：簡述人本主義和認(rèn)知派的意義學(xué)習(xí)理論存在的區(qū)別 認(rèn)知主義學(xué)習(xí)理論與行為主義學(xué)習(xí)理論相對立，源自于格式塔學(xué)派的認(rèn)知主義學(xué)習(xí)論，經(jīng)過一段時間的沉寂之后，再度復(fù)蘇。從20世紀(jì)50年代中期之后，隨著布魯納、奧蘇貝爾等一批認(rèn)知心理學(xué)家的大量創(chuàng)造性的工作，使學(xué)習(xí)理論的研究自桑代克之后又進(jìn)入了一個輝煌時期。他們認(rèn)為，學(xué)習(xí)就是面對當(dāng)前的問題情境，在內(nèi)心經(jīng)過積極的組織，從而形成和發(fā)展認(rèn)知結(jié)構(gòu)的過程，強調(diào) *** 反應(yīng)之間的聯(lián)系是以意識為中介的，強調(diào)認(rèn)知過程的重要性。因此，使認(rèn)知主義的學(xué)習(xí)論在學(xué)習(xí)理論的研究中開始占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位。

問題七：人本主義理論主要代表人物有哪些 你好，人本主義心理學(xué)即題主所說的人本主義，是一個有重要影響的心理學(xué)流派。馬斯洛、羅杰斯是其主要代表人物。

問題八：論述人本主義精神 人本主義的基本意識指以人為萬物的尺度，強調(diào)人的價值尊嚴(yán)和自由，是以人為中心和準(zhǔn)則的哲學(xué)。追溯人本主義的歷史根源我們發(fā)現(xiàn)從公元前5世紀(jì)，希臘就形成人本主議哲學(xué)思想，主要是由早期思想的注重外在自然轉(zhuǎn)向智者學(xué)派的注重人本身，確立人是萬物的主體認(rèn)識論和價值觀;在文藝復(fù)興和宗教改革時期，則以人文主義形式表現(xiàn)出來，并且在人本主義和神本主義的狹縫中產(chǎn)生。以普羅泰戈拉為代表的學(xué)者主張以人為中心，強調(diào)人的獨立性和價值，主張把人從神的統(tǒng)治下解放出來，主張個性解放，肯定個人的價值、尊嚴(yán)和自由，反對禁欲主義，痛斥經(jīng)院哲學(xué)，否認(rèn)教會和封建特權(quán)，提倡理性;到了18世紀(jì)，則以人道主義形式表現(xiàn)，以自然主義的人性論作為理論基礎(chǔ)，提出自由平等，博愛的人本主義思想，其核心是人權(quán)，重視人的生命，主要包括兩個層面:一、同個體自我意識相聯(lián)系，強調(diào)尊重人的生命本身，尊重和愛護他人;二、與同類意識相聯(lián)系，強調(diào)作為類的一員的光榮與責(zé)任，強調(diào)自由、平等、博愛，并為人類的幸福和獨立而斗爭;從19世紀(jì)中葉以來，以費爾巴哈為代表的學(xué)者構(gòu)建了生物學(xué)人本主義，強調(diào)人對自然界、他人及社會的依賴;而以叔本華、尼采、弗洛依德、柏格森、薩特等代表的一批學(xué)者，則主張非理性人本主義，強調(diào)人與生存環(huán)境的矛盾;而馬克思則認(rèn)為人有自然屬性(強調(diào)人類主體地位的確立，科學(xué)主義精神弘揚);社會屬性(強調(diào)合理人個主義和集體主義原則)和精神屬性(強調(diào)人自身物質(zhì)享受和精神追求的協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展);到了20世紀(jì)中葉，人本主義則以人權(quán)主義的形式表現(xiàn)的更為深刻，出現(xiàn)了反主體主義，他們強調(diào)天人合一的思想和非理性主義，他們則從人性的角度出發(fā)和思考問題。

問題九：簡述一下弗洛伊德的理論和人本主義以及區(qū)別 弗洛伊德從心理學(xué)的視點認(rèn)為主要認(rèn)為人格結(jié)構(gòu)由本我（ID）、自我（ego）、超我（superego）三部分組成。 本我（ID），即原我，是指原始的自己，包含生存所需的基本欲望、沖動和生命力。 自我（ego），其德文原意即是指“自己”，是自己可意識到的執(zhí)行思考、感覺、判斷或記憶的部分，自我的機能是尋求“本我”沖動得以滿足，而同時保護整個機體不受傷害，它遵循的是“現(xiàn)實原則”，為本我服務(wù)。 超我（superego），是人格結(jié)構(gòu)中代表理想的部分，它是個體在成長過程中通過內(nèi)化道德規(guī)范，內(nèi)化社會及文化環(huán)境的價值觀念而形成，其機能主要在監(jiān)督、批判及管束自己的行為。 人本主義心理學(xué)家認(rèn)為心理學(xué)應(yīng)著重研究人的價值和人格發(fā)展，人本主義是德文Anthropologi *** us的意譯，又譯人本學(xué)。希臘文詞源antropos和logos，意為人和學(xué)說。通常指人本學(xué)唯物主義，是一種把人生物化的形而上學(xué)唯物主義學(xué)說。 人本主義和弗洛伊德的理論最主要區(qū)別是人本主義反對弗洛伊德的理論中意識經(jīng)驗還原為基本驅(qū)力或防御機制。

麻煩采納，謝謝!

問題十：人本主義教學(xué)理論的基本簡介 人本主義心理學(xué)是20世紀(jì)五六十年代在美國興起的一種心理學(xué)思潮，其主要代表人物是馬斯洛(A.Maslow)和羅杰斯(C.R.Rogers)。人本主義學(xué)習(xí)觀與教學(xué)觀深刻地影響了世界范圍內(nèi)的教育改革，是與程序教學(xué)運動、學(xué)科結(jié)構(gòu)運動齊名的20世紀(jì)三大教學(xué)運動之一。美國人本主義心理學(xué)家羅杰斯的非指導(dǎo)性教學(xué)就是這一流派的代表。

公司簡介英文版模板

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　公司簡介英文版模板(一)

　China Oil HBP Science & Technology Corporation Ltd (hereinafter referred to as HBP) is a stockholding-system new and high-tech enterprise approved by Beijing City Government and listed in Shenzhen Stock Exchange successfully. The company is mainly engaged in the development, production and marketing of oil, gas and water separator, heater, electric dehydrator, natural gas filter separator, cyclone separator, filter, dosing device and such surface process equipment and oilfield environmental-protection services, such as oily sludge treatment process proposal, tank cleaning process proposal, oily sewage treatment process proposal. The company has abundant software and hardware strength and first-class new and high-tech product researchers and Level A1 & A2 pressure vessel design qualifications and Class GC pressure pipe design qualification, so it constitutes a pattern of production, research and sales, and the business fields involves domestic and overseas petrochemical industries. Since the establishment of the company, it has been pursuing the development guideline of “Technological Innovation and People Orientation” and actively going deep into the front line of oilfield production in order to seek, find, explore and develop new and high-tech products that are good for sales, so we can commit ourselves to saving the energy, reducing the consumption, protecting the environment, decreasing the project investment and improving the management for our customers. The company has an annual income of 600,000,000 RMB.

　In early 2008, according to the demands of the international oil equipment market and the development plan, the company successfully introduced the strategic investment partners for capital injection in order to reconstruct the stockholding system. The registered capital was increased from the original 12,000,000 RMB to 202,500,000 RMB after the approval of Beijing City Administration for Industry and Commerce; meanwhile, the company established a comprehensive base integrated with production, research and service in Daqing, the largest oil production base in China. In the base, the plants cover an area of 40,000 m2, the research and comprehensive buildings 10,000 m2, the max lifting capacity 100 tons, equipped with various machining equipment, automatic welding equipment, blanking equipment, heat treatment equipment, full-automatic sand blasting and derusting equipment, baking varnish equipment, various testing equipment and material

　analysis instruments. The machining and general assembly ability is anticipated up to 30,000 tons annually, which lays the foundation for realizing the internationalization of oil equipment and technical service.

　The company has more than 500 staff, in which 2 staff with PhD degree, 26 staff with mater degree, 72 staff with senior technical title in relevant disciplines, most of the staff come from the oilfield design and production management units with abundant design and development experience. The company has developed many new and high-tech products leading in the same industry and the company has 15 national patents.

　Especially in the aspect of the oil, gas and water three-phase separation technique research, the company has a batch of middle-aged and young technicians. Xiao Rong, the deputy general manager and chief engineer of the company is a typical representative, who made major contributions in the aspect of oil, gas and water three-phase separation technique research in late 1980s, developed Type I & II three-phase separators, was awarded the 2nd Youth Technology Prize of China, Excellent Middle-Aged & Young Expert of CNPC and Excellent Designer, and was interviewed by Jiang Zemin, the former General Secretary of CPC and Comrade Wang Tao and Zhou Yongkang, the former leaders of CNPC.

　Our company especially invites Expert Pan Yuqi, the professor-class senior engineer, who made prominent contributions in the aspect of domestic fully-airtight crude gathering and transportation process research, was awarded the first batch of National-Class Design Master, as the technical consultant. Integrated with different geological conditions of reservoirs, characteristics of crude, development, gathering and transportation processes in domestic oilfields, Mr. Pan made a new breakthrough in the aspect of oil, gas and water three-phase separation technology. In resent years, HBP provided various separators, heaters, electric dehydrators, dosing devices and such products for Sudan FULA Oilfield, Kazakstan Zhanarol Oilfield, ADM Oilfield, Kenkyak Pre-salt Oilfield, North Buzachi Oilfield, Syria State-Owned Oil Company RUMELAN Oilfield, GEBEIBE Oilfield, Algeria ZARZAITINE Oilfield, BZ25-1 FPSO and WHP A/B/C/D/E/F of Bohai Sea Oilfield of CNOOC, Friendship FPSO of Bo South Oilfield, Daqing Oilfield, Dagang Oilfield, Liao River Oilfield, Shengli

　Oilfield, North China Oilfield, Sichuan Oilfield, Xinjiang Oilfield, Qinghai Oilfield and such oilfields, and provided filter separators, cyclone separators, filters and such equipment for Sino-Kazakstan Natural Gas Pipeline Project, Atasu-Alataw Pass Crude Pipeline Project, Sichuan-East Gas Transportation Project and part of domestic oil and gas pipeline projects. Both the product quality and after-sale service are praised by the customers.

　In recent years, with the consecutive increase of the business requirements in the aspect of environmental protection in the oilfields, HBP also sees this field as the important development direction of the company. HBP has developed the internationally leading process solutions in the aspects of oily sludge treatment, tank cleaning and oily sewage treatment in the oilfields, and promoted those technologies to the largest domestic oilfields. Based on a large number of practices, the environmental-protection philosophy and process solutions of HBP are verified and recognized by the customers.

　In the course of product design, machining, fabrication, commissioning and after-sale service, our company complies with the International Standard ISO9001:2000, keeps improving on design, carries out strict field management and considerate after-sale service.

　“Innovation, Pragmatism, Integrity and Humanness” is the development principle followed by our company all the time. With the help and support of all levels of leaders, we are competent and confident that we could make more contribution for the project development of your company.

　Daqing HBP Oil Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd (hereinafter referred to as Daqing HBP) is the wholly-owned subsidiary subject to China Oil HBP Science & Technology Corporation Ltd.

　Daqing HBP is located in Daqing City, Heilongjiang Province. As the integrated research and developing base of HBP, it covers an area of 40,000 m2 or so. Now it has about 300 staff, including more than 60 technicians and 12 senior engineers. The company is equipped with more than 100 sets of machining and manufacturing

　equipment and the annual production capacity is more than 30,000 tons.

　As a professional oil equipment manufacturing company, Daqing HBP can undertake the fabrication of Level I, II & III Pressure Vessel, including all kinds of non-standard pressure vessels. Daqing HBP has A2 Pressure Vessel Manufacturing Certificate (No.TS2210989-2013), ASME U Certificate of Authorization (No.39201) and the certificates of ISO9001-2000 QMS , ISO14001-2004 EMS and GB/T28001:2001 OHSMS.

　公司簡介英文版模板(二)

　China Oil HBP Science & Technology Corporation Ltd (hereinafter referred to as HBP) is a stockholding-system new and high-tech enterprise approved by Beijing City Government and listed in Shenzhen Stock Exchange successfully. The company is mainly engaged in the development, production and marketing of oil, gas and water separator, heater, electric dehydrator, natural gas filter separator, cyclone separator, filter, dosing device and such surface process equipment and oilfield environmental-protection services, such as oily sludge treatment process proposal, tank cleaning process proposal, oily sewage treatment process proposal. The company has abundant software and hardware strength and first-class new and high-tech product researchers and Level A1 & A2 pressure vessel design qualifications and Class GC pressure pipe design qualification, so it constitutes a pattern of production, research and sales, and the business fields involves domestic and overseas petrochemical industries. Since the establishment of the company, it has been pursuing the development guideline of “Technological Innovation and People Orientation” and actively going deep into the front line of oilfield production in order to seek, find, explore and develop new and high-tech products that are good for sales, so we can commit ourselves to saving the energy, reducing the consumption, protecting the environment, decreasing the project investment and improving the management for our customers. The company has an annual income of 600,000,000 RMB.

　In early 2008, according to the demands of the international oil equipment market and the development plan, the company successfully introduced the strategic investment partners for capital injection in order to reconstruct the stockholding system. The registered capital was increased from the original 12,000,000 RMB to 202,500,000 RMB after the approval of Beijing City Administration for Industry and Commerce; meanwhile, the company established a comprehensive base integrated with production, research and service in Daqing, the largest oil production base in China. In the base, the plants cover an area of 40,000 m2, the research and comprehensive buildings 10,000 m2, the max lifting capacity 100 tons, equipped with various machining equipment, automatic welding equipment, blanking equipment, heat treatment equipment, full-automatic sand blasting and derusting equipment, baking varnish equipment, various testing equipment and material

　analysis instruments. The machining and general assembly ability is anticipated up to 30,000 tons annually, which lays the foundation for realizing the internationalization of oil equipment and technical service.

　The company has more than 500 staff, in which 2 staff with PhD degree, 26 staff with mater degree, 72 staff with senior technical title in relevant disciplines, most of the staff come from the oilfield design and production management units with abundant design and development experience. The company has developed many new and high-tech products leading in the same industry and the company has 15 national patents.

　Especially in the aspect of the oil, gas and water three-phase separation technique research, the company has a batch of middle-aged and young technicians. Xiao Rong, the deputy general manager and chief engineer of the company is a typical representative, who made major contributions in the aspect of oil, gas and water three-phase separation technique research in late 1980s, developed Type I & II three-phase separators, was awarded the 2nd Youth Technology Prize of China, Excellent Middle-Aged & Young Expert of CNPC and Excellent Designer, and was interviewed by Jiang Zemin, the former General Secretary of CPC and Comrade Wang Tao and Zhou Yongkang, the former leaders of CNPC.

　Our company especially invites Expert Pan Yuqi, the professor-class senior engineer, who made prominent contributions in the aspect of domestic fully-airtight crude gathering and transportation process research, was awarded the first batch of National-Class Design Master, as the technical consultant. Integrated with different geological conditions of reservoirs, characteristics of crude, development, gathering and transportation processes in domestic oilfields, Mr. Pan made a new breakthrough in the aspect of oil, gas and water three-phase separation technology. In resent years, HBP provided various separators, heaters, electric dehydrators, dosing devices and such products for Sudan FULA Oilfield, Kazakstan Zhanarol Oilfield, ADM Oilfield, Kenkyak Pre-salt Oilfield, North Buzachi Oilfield, Syria State-Owned Oil Company RUMELAN Oilfield, GEBEIBE Oilfield, Algeria ZARZAITINE Oilfield, BZ25-1 FPSO and WHP A/B/C/D/E/F of Bohai Sea Oilfield of CNOOC, Friendship FPSO of Bo South Oilfield, Daqing Oilfield, Dagang Oilfield, Liao River Oilfield, Shengli

　Oilfield, North China Oilfield, Sichuan Oilfield, Xinjiang Oilfield, Qinghai Oilfield and such oilfields, and provided filter separators, cyclone separators, filters and such equipment for Sino-Kazakstan Natural Gas Pipeline Project, Atasu-Alataw Pass Crude Pipeline Project, Sichuan-East Gas Transportation Project and part of domestic oil and gas pipeline projects. Both the product quality and after-sale service are praised by the customers.

　In recent years, with the consecutive increase of the business requirements in the aspect of environmental protection in the oilfields, HBP also sees this field as the important development direction of the company. HBP has developed the internationally leading process solutions in the aspects of oily sludge treatment, tank cleaning and oily sewage treatment in the oilfields, and promoted those technologies to the largest domestic oilfields. Based on a large number of practices, the environmental-protection philosophy and process solutions of HBP are verified and recognized by the customers.

　In the course of product design, machining, fabrication, commissioning and after-sale service, our company complies with the International Standard ISO9001:2000, keeps improving on design, carries out strict field management and considerate after-sale service.

　“Innovation, Pragmatism, Integrity and Humanness” is the development principle followed by our company all the time. With the help and support of all levels of leaders, we are competent and confident that we could make more contribution for the project development of your company.

　Daqing HBP Oil Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd (hereinafter referred to as Daqing HBP) is the wholly-owned subsidiary subject to China Oil HBP Science & Technology Corporation Ltd.

　Daqing HBP is located in Daqing City, Heilongjiang Province. As the integrated research and developing base of HBP, it covers an area of 40,000 m2 or so. Now it has about 300 staff, including more than 60 technicians and 12 senior engineers. The company is equipped with more than 100 sets of machining and manufacturing

　equipment and the annual production capacity is more than 30,000 tons.

　As a professional oil equipment manufacturing company, Daqing HBP can undertake the fabrication of Level I, II & III Pressure Vessel, including all kinds of non-standard pressure vessels. Daqing HBP has A2 Pressure Vessel Manufacturing Certificate (No.TS2210989-2013), ASME U Certificate of Authorization (No.39201) and the certificates of ISO9001-2000 QMS , ISO14001-2004 EMS and GB/T28001:2001 OHSMS.

　公司簡介英文版模板(三)

　Established in (成立年份), (公司英文名稱) is a manufacturer (生產(chǎn)兼貿(mào)易，可用manufacturer and trader) specialized in the research, development and production of (公司主打產(chǎn)品). We are located in (公司所在城市), with convenient transportation access. All of our products comply with international quality standards and are greatly appreciated in a variety of different markets throughout the world.

　If you are interested in any of our products or would like to discuss a custom order, please feel free to contact us. We are looking forward to forming successful business relationships with new clients around the world in the near future.